Linux Operating System Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of Different Pattern Matching Algorithms of Snort

Snort is the most widely deployed Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) whose performance is dominated by the pattern matching of packets in the network. In this paper, we present an experimental evaluation and comparison of the performance of different pattern matching algorithms of Snort NIDS namely ac-q, ac-bnfa, acsplit, ac-banded and ac-sparsebands on Linux Operating System (Ubuntu Server 16.04). Snort's performance is measured by subjecting the server running Snort v2.9.9.1 to live malicious traffic and a standard dataset. The performance is calculated and compared in terms of throughput, memory utilization and CPU utilization.

Synthesis and Modeling of Transition Metal Complexes Using Histidine as the Ligand.

Synthesis and Modeling of Transition Metal Complexes Using Histidine as the Ligand.

Конфигурационная сборка варианта ядра Linux для прикладных систем

The Linux operating system is a modern open operating system containing more than 10,000 configuration variables and a large variety of functional system elements that handle the processing of various kinds of tasks. The task is to create some version of the OS for a class of applied systems (medicine, biology, etc.). This task is solved by analyzing the basic functions of the OS kernel and choosing from a variety of elements the most suitable for the operational management of application functions. Based on them, a model of variability is created from the basic characteristics of the OS and the model of the OS variant, including the main functional elements of the OS kernel. These models are tested for the correctness of their identification and relationships with other elements. Then, using these models, the OS version is configured as a configuration file. This file is verified and undergoes comprehensive testing on a set of tests that verify the correct functioning of the operating environment and the processing of tasks of applied systems. This paper discusses how to build a ready-made version of the operating system kernel from source. The preparations, the necessary packages, the patches for them and the ways of their installation will be affected. Then it presents a method for configuring a system version assembled from source and configuring the kernel to run.

Foraging behavior analysis of swarm robotics system

Swarm robotics is a number of small robots that are synchronically works together to accomplish a given task. Swarm robotics faces many problems in performing a given task. The problems are pattern formation, aggregation, Chain formation, self-assembly, coordinated movement, hole avoidance, foraging and self-deployment. Foraging is most essential part in swarm robotics. Foraging is the task to discover the item and get back into the shell. The researchers conducted foraging experiments with random-movement of robots and they have end up with unique solutions. Most of the researchers have conducted experiments using the circular arena. The shell is placed at the centre of the arena and environment boundary is well known. In this study, an attempt is made to different strategic movements like straight line approach, parallel line approach, divider approach, expanding square approach, and parallel sweep approach. All these approaches are to be simulated by using player/stage open-source simulation software based on C and C++ programming language in Linux operating system. Finally statistical comparison will be done with task completion time of all these strategies using ANOVA to identify the significant searching strategy.

Foraging behavior analysis of swarm robotics system

Swarm robotics is a number of small robots that are synchronically works together to accomplish a given task. Swarm robotics faces many problems in performing a given task. The problems are pattern formation, aggregation, Chain formation, self-assembly, coordinated movement, hole avoidance, foraging and self-deployment. Foraging is most essential part in swarm robotics. Foraging is the task to discover the item and get back into the shell. The researchers conducted foraging experiments with random-movement of robots and they have end up with unique solutions. Most of the researchers have conducted experiments using the circular arena. The shell is placed at the centre of the arena and environment boundary is well known. In this study, an attempt is made to different strategic movements like straight line approach, parallel line approach, divider approach, expanding square approach, and parallel sweep approach. All these approaches are to be simulated by using player/stage open-source simulation software based on C and C++ programming language in Linux operating system. Finally statistical comparison will be done with task completion time of all these strategies using ANOVA to identify the significant searching strategy.

Secure Virtualization Environment Based on Advanced Memory Introspection

Most existing virtual machine introspection (VMI) technologies analyze the status of a target virtual machine under the assumption that the operating system (OS) version and kernel structure information are known at the hypervisor level. In this paper, we propose a model of virtual machine (VM) security monitoring based on memory introspection. Using a hardware-based approach to acquire the physical memory of the host machine in real time, the security of the host machine and VM can be diagnosed. Furthermore, a novel approach for VM memory forensics based on the virtual machine control structure (VMCS) is put forward. By analyzing the memory of the host machine, the running VMs can be detected and their high-level semantic information can be reconstructed. Then, malicious activity in the VMs can be identified in a timely manner. Moreover, by mutually analyzing the memory content of the host machine and VMs, VM escape may be detected. Compared with previous memory introspection technologies, our solution can automatically reconstruct the comprehensive running state of a target VM without any prior knowledge and is strongly resistant to attacks with high reliability. We developed a prototype system called the VEDefender. Experimental results indicate that our system can handle the VMs of mainstream Linux and Windows OS versions with high efficiency and does not influence the performance of the host machine and VMs.

Codesign Methodology based FPGA and Embedded Linux for Motor Control

<p>Recently, the complexity of the embedded electrical systems is increasing due to the growing of industrial necessities. To handle with this complexity, the use of reconfigurable hardware/software codesign methodology using digital platforms becomes necessary. Reconfigurable methodology can be seen as an essential feature in motor control systems as it offers many advantages such as increased flexibility, low energy consumption. In these kind of systems, both hardware and software designs can be reconfigurated depending upon the designer requirements. This paper presents hardware/software codesign methodology with flexible hardware devices and configurable graphical user interface: the hardware architecture is based on field-programmable gate array and the software architecture is based on embedded Linux operating system running on Beaglebone. The user interface is designed as a graphical user interface developed on an emebdded server; this enables the user to access to the system rapidly, parameterize and observe the behavior of the controller.</p>

Distributed Simulations of Physical Phenomena Based on Windows Machines

Simulating physical phenomena can be computationally very demanding, making the distributed approach attractive. Scientific computing and other computationally complex tasks are often performed on dedicated cluster or grid of computers usually running some distribution of Linux operating system. In this article we propose a simulation framework that can utilize general purpose computers running Windows operating system to share available computational resources. The proposed system is composed of simulation client, the network of distributors, and workers. The presented framework has architecture and design that provides a flexible and efficient system with good scalability and fault tolerance properties. The performed tests on the prototype application show that our approach is viable.

Design and Implementation of Agricultural Information Acquisition System Based on ZigBee and Qt

This paper introduces the design and implementation of agricultural products information collection system based on Qt and ZigBee platform. It consists of three subsystems mainly based in acquisition of images, temperature and humidity values which are passed to the regional gateway. The regional gateway is equipped with embedded Linux operating system and deployed Qt runtime library. The function of transmitting the static image of agricultural products and the temperature and humidity to the regional gateway through the ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network is realized, the pH value, electrical conductivity and light intensity of the growth environment of agricultural products were measured by using Qt library combined with sensor cluster, it can store, display and query the image, electrical conductivity and other parameters in the regional gateway.

Application for computational cluster performance tests configured in HTCONDOR

Increase the processing power in less time with high performance low-cost process is important for universities, for this reason computational clusters take paramount importance nowadays. In this paper it is shown the study of the performance time of a group that has been physically configured with a node and 3 nodes with the Core 2 Duo Quad processors, which have a Scientific Linux operating system and a cluster management software called HTCONDOR which is described time in the C language, to obtain the prime numbers in a range of 1 to 15 million and thus be able to launch the process from the point of destination to the worker nodes divided by groups of 5 million and take the measure of time. Achieving the difference between runtime on a PC and a high-performance cluster.

Graphical User Interface for the Monitoring of CAN Frames by Means of a SoC Cyclone V

In this paper, the design of a Graphical User Interface for CAN data frame monitoring is presented. The GUI has been developed in the Qt Creator IDE. A touch screen for visualization and control is used, which in turn is controlled by a development board with a SoC Cyclone V, through which a Linux operating system is executed.

JRgui: A Python Program of Joback and Reid Method

Using the modern object-oriented programing language Python (e.g., tkinter and pandas modules) and a chemoinformatics open-source library (RDKit), the classic Joback and Reid group contribution method was revisited and written into a graphical user interface program, JRgui. The underlying algorithm behind the program is explained, herein, with the users being able to operate the program in either a manual or automatic mode. In the manual mode, the users are required to determine the type and occurrence of functional groups in the compound of interest and manually enter into the program. In the automatic mode, both of these parameters can be detected automatically via user input of the compound simplified molecular input line entry specification (SMILES) string. An additional advantage of the automatic mode is that a large number of molecules can be processed simultaneously by parsing their individual SMILES strings into a text file, which is read by the program. The resulting predicted physical properties along with approximately 200 molecular descriptors are saved in a spreadsheet file for subsequent analysis. The program is available for free at https://github.com/curieshicy/JRgui for Windows, Linux, and macOS 64-bit operating systems. It is hoped that the current work may facilitate the creation of other user-friendly programs in the chemoinformatics community using Python.

DIY digital decorations

The BeagleBoard.org Foundation is a nonprofit dedicated to developing open-source embedded hardware and software. The foundation's latest creation is the PocketBeagle, a single-board computer that runs Linux. The PocketBeagle debuted at the World Maker Faire this past September in New York City, and we were lucky enough to be there and win one of the first boards. BeagleBoard.org makes a number of boards designed for different applications, such as robotics. These typically sell in the US $60 to $125 range. At $25, the PocketBeagle is designed to be a low-cost variant. But it's not just a stripped-down version of the other boards, as the PocketBeagle offers some interesting features of its own. So we immediately started thinking of projects that we could try out with the board, settling on a light controller for a festive village diorama for the coming holiday season. The PocketBeagle runs Debian Linux, and hence it is possible to develop applications in different programming languages, including Python, Ruby, or BoneScript. The latter is a library built on top of Node.js that was developed for the Beagle family: It allows you to program and control devices using Web pages and JavaScript. What's really interesting about the PocketBeagle is that in addition to a primary CPU that runs the Linux operating system (an ARM Cortex-A8 running at 1 gigahertz), the processor at the heart of the PocketBeagle also has two programmable real-time units (PRUs).

Arc4nix: A cross-platform geospatial analytical library for cluster and cloud computing

Big Data in geospatial technology is a grand challenge for processing capacity. The ability to use a GIS for geospatial analysis on Cloud Computing and High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters has emerged as a new approach to provide feasible solutions. However, users lack the ability to migrate existing research tools to a Cloud Computing or HPC-based environment because of the incompatibility of the market-dominating ArcGIS software stack and Linux operating system. This manuscript details a cross-platform geospatial library “arc4nix” to bridge this gap. Arc4nix provides an application programming interface compatible with ArcGIS and its Python library “arcpy”. Arc4nix uses a decoupled client-server architecture that permits geospatial analytical functions to run on the remote server and other functions to run on the native Python environment. It uses functional programming and meta-programming language to dynamically construct Python codes containing actual geospatial calculations, send them to a server and retrieve results. Arc4nix allows users to employ their arcpy-based script in a Cloud Computing and HPC environment with minimal or no modification. It also supports parallelizing tasks using multiple CPU cores and nodes for large-scale analyses. A case study of geospatial processing of a numerical weather model's output shows that arcpy scales linearly in a distributed environment. Arc4nix is open-source software.

A new Linux based TCP congestion control mechanism for long distance high bandwidth sustainable smart cities

People, systems, and things in the cities generate large amount of data which is considered to be the most scalable asset of any smart city. Linux users are rapidly increased in last few years, and many large multinational organizations are deploying long distance high bandwidth (LDHB) cloud networks for centralizing the data from various smart cities on a central location. TCP is responsible for reliable communication of data in these cloud networks. For reliability communication among various smart cities, a number of TCP congestion control mechanisms have been developed in the past. TCP Compound, TCP Fusion, and TCP CUBIC are the default TCP congestion control mechanisms for Microsoft Windows, Sun Solaris, and Linux operating systems respectively. The response function of TCP CUBIC is higher than the response function of Standard TCP, which is a trademark congestion control mechanism. As a result, TCP CUBIC does not behave friendly with Standard TCP in LDHB cloud networks. The Congestion Window (cwnd) reduction and growth of TCP CUBIC is very aggressive, which causes high packet loss rate and unfair share of available link bandwidth among competing flows from various smart cities. The aim of this research is to design a new TCP congestion control mechanism for Linux operating system to achieve maximum performance in LDHB cloud networks being used by smart cities. In this paper, congestion control module for slow start (CCM-SS) is designed by increasing the lower boundary limit of cwnd size in slow start phase of communication. Congestion control module for loss event (CCM-LE) is designed by increasing the cwnd reduction rate at each packet loss event and finally Advance Response Function for TCP CUBIC (ARFC) is proposed to design a new congestion control mechanism for Linux operating system. NS-2 is used to compare the performance of TCP CUBIC* with TCP CUBIC in short distance high bandwidth (SDHB) and long distance high bandwidth (LDHB) cloud networks. Results show that TCP CUBIC* has outperformed in LDHB networks, at least by a factor of 18% as compared to TCP CUBIC.

An algorithm for gradient-based dynamic optimization of UV flash processes

This paper presents a novel single-shooting algorithm for gradient-based solution of optimal control problems with vapor–liquid equilibrium constraints. Such optimal control problems are important in several engineering applications, for instance in control of distillation columns, in certain two-phase flow problems, and in operation of oil reservoirs. The single-shooting algorithm uses an adjoint method for the computation of gradients. Furthermore, the algorithm uses either a simultaneous or a nested approach for the numerical solution of the dynamic vapor–liquid equilibrium model equations. Two numerical examples illustrate that the simultaneous approach is faster than the nested approach and that the efficiency of the underlying thermodynamic computations is important for the overall performance of the single-shooting algorithm. We compare the performance of different optimization software as well as the performance of different compilers in a Linux operating system. These tests indicate that real-time nonlinear model predictive control of UV flash processes is computationally feasible.

Krait: an ultrafast tool for genome-wide survey of microsatellites and primer design.

Microsatellites are found to be related with various diseases and widely used in population genetics as genetic markers. However, it remains a challenge to identify microsatellite from large genome and screen microsatellites for primer design from a huge result dataset. Here, we present Krait, a robust and flexible tool for fast investigation of microsatellites in DNA sequences. Krait is designed to identify all types of perfect or imperfect microsatellites on a whole genomic sequence, and is also applicable to identification of compound microsatellites. Primer3 was seamlessly integrated into Krait so that users can design primer for microsatellite amplification in an efficient way. Additionally, Krait can export microsatellite results in FASTA or GFF3 format for further analysis and generate statistical report as well as plotting. Krait is freely available at https://github.com/lmdu/krait under GPL2 License, implemented in C and Python, and supported on Windows, Linux and Mac operating systems. chizhang_swmu@126.com. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Performance study and enhancement of multichannel access methods in the future generation VHT WLAN

To meet the growing needs of Very High Throughputs (VHT) and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for audiovisual applications in the future generation Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), 80/160 MHz multichannel transmissions are introduced in the new IEEE 802.11ac WLAN standard. Hence, Static and Dynamic multichannel access methods are proposed at 802.11ac Medium Access Control (MAC) layer level, allowing 80/160 MHz channel bonding. In this paper, we aim at studying and enhancing Static and Dynamic multichannel access methods, by taking into account the Transmission Opportunity Limit (TXOPLimit), which is a promising burst transmission to achieve differentiated QoS. So, we propose a new Dynamic multichannel access method (called, Enhanced Dynamic), which brings together the benefits of Static and Dynamic multichannel access methods, while avoiding their deficiencies. A comparative study between Static, Dynamic and Enhanced Dynamic methods, is conducted after developing and implementing their corresponding algorithms using C++ programming language under Linux operating system. We run extensive simulations according to various parameters, and we demonstrate that the Enhanced Dynamic method provides high throughputs regardless of the network configurations.

MAC Layer Design for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communication Systems Compliant with IEEE 802.15.7

The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employed for prototyping the hardware of VLC system because of it serve a Linux operating system (OS), i.e. Xillinux. Our MAC layer has been realized in Python programming and running above the Zynq-7000 processor. The designed MAC Layer is adapted from IEEE 802.15.7 standard, specifically for delivering and receiving the MAC frames from the coordinator to the device or vice versa, wrapping the IP packets and unwrapping the MAC Frames with MAC headers and trailers, and performing the error detection in which the cyclic redundant check 16 (CRC-16) was selected. According to the functionality test, our proposed VLC system can perform to send the multimedia contents (video and image) as well as data packet for internet accessing purpose like a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connectivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the implemented MAC layer has met the functionality specifications referred to the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. We also provide the Pseudo-code of designed MAC layer and its Python script (source-code) implementation that can be found in the Appendix section.

Improving IBM POWER8 Performance Through Symbiotic Job Scheduling

Symbiotic job scheduling, i.e., scheduling applications that co-run well together on a core, can have a considerable impact on the performance of processors with simultaneous multithreading (SMT) cores. SMT cores share most of their microarchitectural components among the co-running applications, which causes performance interference between them. Therefore, scheduling applications with complementary resource requirements on the same core can greatly improve the throughput of the system. This paper enhances symbiotic job scheduling for the IBM POWER8 processor. We leverage the existing cycle accounting mechanism to build an interference model that predicts symbiosis between applications. The proposed models achieve higher accuracy than previous models by predicting job symbiosis from throttled CPI stacks, i.e., CPI stacks of the applications when running in the same SMT mode to consider the statically partitioned resources, but without interference from other applications. The symbiotic scheduler uses these interference models to decide, at run-time, which applications should run on the same core or on separate cores. We prototype the symbiotic scheduler as a user-level scheduler in the Linux operating system and evaluate it on an IBM POWER8 server running multiprogram workloads. The symbiotic job scheduler significantly improves performance compared to both an agnostic random scheduler and the default Linux scheduler. Across all evaluated workloads in SMT4 mode, throughput improves by 12.4 and 5.1 percent on average over the random and Linux schedulers, respectively.