Linoleic Unsaturated Fatty Acids Research Articles

Effect of Oil and Selenium as Feed Supplement on Nutritional Content, Fatty Acid Profile, Cholesterol and Protein Productive Value in Nile Tilapia Meat

Feed supplements of oil and selenium have been studied for their effect on absolute weight growth and a descriptive picture of the nutritional content of protein, fat, cholesterol in tilapia baby fish. Feed experiments using Complete Randomized Design (6x3), R1 (basal/protein ration 28%); R2 addition of a mixture of coconut oil and hazelnut oil without Se and R3 (oil mixture 4%+Se 0.15 mg/kg); R4 (4% coconut oil + Se) and R5 (4% hazelnut oil + Se) and Rs (standard ration of protein 32%). Coconut is dominated by saturated fatty acids (lauric acid 42.67%), while hazelnut is dominated by linoleic unsaturated fatty acids (34.4%) and oleic acid (48.99%). Basal ration with the addition of a mixture of vegetable oils + Se resulted in an absolute growth of 27.33 g and a daily growth rate (DGR) of 0.43 g/day, and matched the Ration with high protein (32%). The addition of vegetable fats and selenium provides fish meat protein content 54.62%-58.54% and meat protein conversion (protein productive value) 27.68-32.03%. The fat content of meat and cholesterol ranges from 7.15%-10.20% and 75.43-103.97 mg/dL, respectively, and Se in tilapia meat ranges from 0.502-0.753 mg/kg).

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES ON THE FATTY COMPOSITION OF SUNFLOWER SEED LIPIDS.

The aim: Evaluation of the influence of plant protection chemicals on the fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds. Materials and methods: Study of the effects of pesticides, study of the effects of pesticides on the fatty acid composition (lipid) of sunflower seed by gas-liquid chromatography was studied. Results: It was found that the content of oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids did not differ significantly from the control. The content of linolenic and arachidonic acids was at the level of the control group. A similar pattern was observed in relation to the content of saturated fatty acids, in particular myristic, pentodecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic. The total content of fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty) selected under different seed protection schemes did not differ significantly from control. Conclusions: It is proved that the application of the investigated pesticides in various schemes of chemical protection of sunflower crops does not affect the nutritional and biological value of the seeds.

Nutritional and technological potential of Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) processing by-product flour.

Antioxidants present in many fruit residues can play an essential role in the prevention of diseases. The aim of this study was to determine nutritional and mineral composition, fatty acids profile, anti-nutrients, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and technological properties of flour from residues generated by umbu fruit processing. Nutritional composition showed high levels of dietary fiber, especially insoluble fiber (56.67%). The flour can be classified as a good source of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, and an excellent source of iron, zinc and copper. Palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids and oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids were identified. No potentially toxic substances were detected. Significant values of ascorbic acid (44.78 mg/100g), carotenoids (463.73 µg/100g) and flavonoids (37.85 mg QE/100g) were found, as well as very high levels of phenolic compounds (20357.26 mg GAE/100g). Strong antioxidant activity was detected in the flour by three methods (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) demonstrating a linear positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The flour showed high absorption of water, oil, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability presenting a great potential for use in foods, especially meat, bakery and dairy products. These results indicate promising prospects to full use of umbu as a functional ingredient.

The effect of micronutrient foliar application on yield, seed quality and some biochemical traits of soybean cultivars under drought stress

This experiment carried out as split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years (2015–2016). The main plot consisted of drought stress: complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at R1 stage, irrigation withholding at R2 stage and subplots included foliar application of micronutrients: distilled water (control), zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate + manganese sulfate and cultivar as: Williams and Zan elite. The results showed that proline and linoleic acid were increased significantly, but chlorophyll a and b, seed yield, protein percentage, oleic and linolenic acids were decreased significantly by irrigation withholding. Also, the maximum values of chlorophyll b, protein percentage and linolenic acid were achieved by Williams. The significant increasing effect of zinc was found on the maximum root and stem proline, chlorophyll b, and oleic, linolenic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids, meanwhile the maximum leaf proline was obtained by manganese sulfate.

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported Pt nanoparticles as a highly efficient catalyst for decarboxylation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to alkanes

Mesoporous carbon (MC) and nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) were prepared through a dual-template approach with tetraethyl orthosilicate and Pluronic F127 as a dual-template, and phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins as carbon and carbon+nitrogen sources, respectively. Using them as the supports, the Pt/MC and Pt/NMC catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and used for the decarboxylation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to alkanes. Activated carbon supported Pt catalyst (Pt/AC) was also prepared for comparison. Among the three catalysts, Pt/NMC exhibited the highest catalytic performance, achieving yields of the corresponding alkanes of more than 97.0% from lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic saturated acids and 44.0%–66.1% from oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids. The turnover frequencies of Pt/NMC were estimated as 335–522h−1 in the decarboxylation of saturated acids, which were almost 2-fold higher than Pt/MC and 3-fold higher than Pt/AC. The excellent performance of the Pt/NMC catalyst might be attributed to the introduction of N species to the MC support, which not only improved the anchoring and the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the catalyst surface, but also provided alkaline sites to adsorb carboxyl group in fatty acids.

Chemical composition and nutritional value of seeds of Lupinus luteus L., L. angustifolius L. and new hybrid lines of L. angustifolius L.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the chemical composition, nutritional value, fatty acid composition, macro(Na, Mg, K, Ca) and microelements, including essential (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, Se and Cu) and nonessential (Al, As, Sr, Cd, Pb and Ag) elements, in the seeds of the yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) variety ‘Vilciai’, the narrow-leaved lupine (L. angustifolius L.) variety ‘Vilniai’ and the six new hybrid lines (Nos. 1700, 1701, 1703, 1072, 1734 and 1800) bred from the narrow-leaved lupine (L. angustifolius) in Lithuania. Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector showed that oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids were the dominant fatty acids in lupine seeds, which accounted for on average 33.2% and 38.4% of the total fatty acids, respectively. The highest protein content, measured by the Kjeldahl method, was detected in the ‘Vilciai’ lupine seeds (40.8%) and for the tested hybrid lines it was by 20.1–25.7% lower. The content of alkaloids in the seeds of lupine varieties ‘Vilciai’ and ‘Vilniai’ was 0.021% and 0.030%, respectively; while in the new hybrid lines of L. angustifolius the content of alkaloids was less and varied from 0.011% to 0.012%. Analysis of macroand microelements of lupine seeds performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that the new hybrid lines had the highest content of Na (from 1.07 to 1.19 mg g-1 dry mass (d.m.), respectively), whereas the highest content of Mg and K was found in ‘Vilciai’ seeds (3.44 and 13.9 mg g-1 d.m., respectively). Among the L. angustifolius hybrid lines tested, the highest content of Mg and K in the seeds was determined for the four hybrid lines Nos. 1701, 1703, 1072 and 1734. The highest contents of Mn, Fe, Zn and Se were observed in ‘Vilciai’ seeds (147.65, 73.52, 59.84 and 0.13 μg g-1 d.m., respectively). The concentration of nonessential elements in the tested lupine seeds was far below the levels that cause a health risk.

NATURAL HAIR RECIPE

Biological evaluation of natural preparations used for treatment of hair loss revealed that the saponifiable fraction was the active fraction. The main constituents of this fraction were palmitic, stearic saturated fatty acids and oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids. Certain modifications were done to increase the activity by addition of Cantharidin or Pilocarpine to the most active subfraction of saponifiable matter. The superior effect on treating hair loss was shown with the formulation containing cantharidin than that which contain pilocarpine