Chemical Linkage Research Articles

Antioxidant and ultraviolet shielding performance of lignin-polysaccharide complex isolated from spent coffee ground

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is a representative type of biomass waste with huge annual output. To better develop high value applications of SCG, in this study, the lignin-polysaccharide complex (LPC) was isolated from SCG by applying effective ball milling and the subsequent solvent extraction of 96 % 1, 4-dioxane aqueous solution. In addition to the comprehensive analyses of the obtained LPC regarding its chemical composition, surface morphology, molecular weight distribution, characteristic functional groups, surface chemical linkages, and thermal stability, its potentials in radical scavenging and UV shielding had been emphatically investigated. As revealed from the results, a proper duration (e.g., 4 h) of UV irradiation could evidently enhance the radical-scavenging capacity of LPC, ascribed to the increasing number of antioxidant groups. Moreover, the LPC-containing composite sunscreens also exhibited strengthened UV resistance after UV irradiation, which may benefit from the UV-induced conjugated structures and the π–π stacking of aromatic rings from both LPC and the active ingredients in commercial sunscreen. Therefore, LPC is highly promising to be exploited for the development of novel antioxidants and UV-shielding products, by virtue of its characteristic chemical structure and potential synergistic effect with other active ingredients from the composite.

Investigation of chemical linkages between lignin and carbohydrates in cultured poplar cambium tissues via double isotope labeling

Lignin precursor labeled with 13C (coniferin-13Cα), carbohydrate precursor labeled with D (6,6-D2-glucose) were put into cambium tissue stripped from a growing poplar. The tissue was further cultured in vitro for 18d. Then, the isotopic abundance was determined. The results showed that the labeled precursors could be normally involved in the formation of new xylem. The labeled new xylem tissue was fractionated by ionic liquid DMSO/TBAH system to obtain two components: glucan-lignin complex (GL) and xylan-lignin complex (XL). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the crystalline form of cellulose in the GL component was transformed from type I to type II after the ionic liquid separation. Then the GL and XL were purified and modified by enzymatic and chemical methods, and their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that lignin subunits in the cultured tissues were mainly connected by β-5 and β-O-4 linkages, of which the β-O-4 substructure unit predominated. Lignin and carbohydrates were mainly connected by acetal bonds, ether bonds, and ester bonds. Combined with the carbohydrate composition and XRD analysis results, the GL components also confirmed the existence of acetal bonds, ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and cellulose.

Ion-Mediated Self-Assembly of Graphene Oxide and Functionalized Perylene Diimides into Hybrid Materials with Photocatalytic Properties

A novel ion-mediated self-assembly method was applied for integration of graphene oxide (GO), propanoic- and glutaric-substituted perylenes (glu-PDI and PA-PDI), and Zn (OAc)2 into new hybrid materials with photocatalytic properties. The structuring of chromophores through coordination bonding on the GO surface is controlled by the chemistry of the PDI linkers. Four-substituted glu-PDI forms consolidated microporous particles, whereas di-substituted PA-PDI binds with GO into a macroporous gel-like structure. The GO/PDI controls without Zn2+ ions form only non-integrated dispersions. Both hybrids can initiate photodestruction of 1,5-dihydroxynaphtalene (DHN) due to the effective charge separation between the PDI components and GO by generating hydroxyl radicals determined by luminescent probing with terephthalic acid. The reduction mechanism of photodegradation was confirmed by MALDI-TOF spectroscopy. The structure of the hybrids controls the rate of photodegradation process. The glu-PDI-based photocatalyst shows a smaller rate of photoreduction of 3.3 × 10−2 min−1 than that with PA-PDA (4 × 10−2 min−1) due to diffusion limitations. Our results suggest that the ion-mediated synthesis is a useful and rational alternative for the conventional synthesis of GO-based functional hybrid materials through aromatic stacking between the graphene oxide and organic chromophores to produce new affordable and efficient photocatalysts.

Application of a Biocatalytic Strategy for the Preparation of Tiancimycin-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates Revealing Key Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are cancer chemotherapeutics that utilize a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based delivery system, a cytotoxic payload, and a chemical linker. ADC payloads must be strategically functionalized to allow linker attachment without perturbing the potency required for ADC efficacy. We previously developed a biocatalytic system for the precise functionalization of tiancimycin (TNM)-based payloads. The TNMs are anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) and have yet to be translated into the clinic. Herein, we report the translation of biocatalytically functionalized TNMs into ADCs in combination with the dual-variable domain (DVD)-mAb platform. The DVD enables both site-specific conjugation and a plug-and-play modularity for antigen-targeting specificity. We evaluated three linker chemistries in terms of TNM-based ADC potency and antigen selectivity, demonstrating a trade-off between potency and selectivity. This represents the first application of AFE-based payloads to DVDs for ADC development, a workflow that is generalizable to further advance AFE-based ADCs for multiple cancer types.

Methods for computer-assisted PROTAC design.

Proximity-induced pharmacology is an emerging field in chemical biology and drug discovery where a small molecule induces non-natural interactions between two proteins, leading to specific phenotypic responses. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are the most mature examples, where ligands for an E3 ligase and a target protein are linked to induce the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the target. The discovery of PROTACs typically relies on a trial-and-error approach where chemical handles and linker chemistry, length and attachment points are systematically varied in the hope that one of the combinations will produce an active molecule. Novel computational methods and tools are developed in an attempt to rationalize and accelerate this process and differ significantly from traditional structure-based drug design approaches. In this chapter, we review three different solutions for computer-assisted PROTAC design: MOE, ICM and PRosettaC. Specifically, we describe protocols to predict the structure of ternary complexes (E3 ligase-PROTAC-target protein) and to screen virtually libraries of PROTAC candidates. We also provide troubleshooting tips. Rational PROTAC design is still in its infancy. By opening this space to users and developers, we hope that this methods article will contribute to much needed advancement in the field.

Recent advances on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as photocatalysts: different strategies for enhancing hydrogen generation.

The excessive use of traditional fossil fuels has led to energy and environmental pollution problems. Solar-driven hydrogen generation has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its environmental friendliness and economic feasibility. So far, a series of photocatalysts have been advanced. Unfortunately, these photocatalysts face some issues including poor sunlight harvesting ability, weak photo-corrosion resistance, broad band gap, bad stability, inferior hydrogen evolution rate and so on. It just so happens that COFs have emerged to provide an opportunity for settling these issues. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a novel family of porous materials with regular porosity and tunable physicochemical structures, have been extensively explored as photocatalysts for hydrogen production. Moreover, their photocatalytic activities are highly structurally dependent. In this review, we mainly focus on the linkage chemistry and disparate strategies for boosting COF-based photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance in detail. The prospects and obstacles confronted in the development of COF-based photocatalysts and proposals to settle dilemmas are also discussed.

Construction of a cleavable linker chemistry-based HBEXO-Chip to isolate circulating exosomes for breast cancer diagnosis.

Breast cancer is presently the most common form of malignant tumour globally, and its precise diagnosis is vital for enhancing patient survival rates and their quality of life. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles containing proteins and nucleic acid molecules, have emerged as ideal cancer markers for liquid biopsy-based diagnostics. Nevertheless, the current methods for isolating exosomes present challenges for clinical implementation. Although immunoaffinity-based microfluidics hold potential for exosome-based cancer diagnostics, existing microfluidic chips struggle to capture and release intact, high-purity, and highly specific exosomes effectively. To surmount these obstacles, we developed the HBEXO-Chip, an innovative immunoaffinity microfluidic device that employs cleavable linker chemistry technology. This chip enables rapid isolation and detection of breast cancer-derived exosomes in peripheral blood. The fishbone-like microfluidic chip design of the HBEXO-Chip heightens the binding likelihood between specific exosomes and antibodies, significantly augmenting capture efficiency. Furthermore, the gentle reaction conditions of the cleavable linker chemistry retain the exosomes' membrane structure's integrity during the release process, which is advantageous for downstream experimental analysis. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of the HBEXO-Chip in distinguishing breast cancer patients, patients with benign breast tumours, and healthy controls. By quantitatively analysing Epcam+ exosomes in clinical plasma samples, this technology platform provides a quick, user-friendly, highly sensitive, and specific assay for detecting tumour exosomes in peripheral blood, making it a valuable liquid biopsy tool for clinicians to diagnose breast cancer.

Self-cleaving protein linkers with modulated pH-responsiveness: A new platform for selective control of protein drug function

In this study, we propose a self-cleaving protein that responds to acidic pH, pH inteinN150, as a pH-responsive linker for the selective delivery of protein-based drugs. Being stable at neutral and degradable at weakly acidic pH, pH inteinN150 can be obtained by mutating key amino acids of pH intein, thus stimulating self-cleavage. Unlike chemical linkers, which require additional conjugation steps, protein linkers can be incorporated into protein pharmaceuticals during protein expression. As proof-of-concepts, intracellular penetration of proteins can be selectively turned on or off by cleaving pH inteinN150 near the cell-penetrating peptide sequence at weakly acidic pH. Furthermore, the apoptosis-inducing activity of human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (hTRAIL) can be selectively activated by cleaving pH inteinN150 adjacent to the albumin binding domain (ABD) at weakly acidic pH. Thus, we expect that this new protein linker can be used for actively controlling various protein-based drugs responding to delicate pH variations around inflammatory or cancerous tissues. These findings have been revealed in an in vivo tumor xenograft mouse model showing elongated systemic circulation and selective induction of tumor toxicity by ABD-pH inteinN150-hTRAIL.

PH-Switched Near-Infrared Fluorescent Strategy for Ratiometric Detection of ONOO- in Lysosomes and Precise Imaging of Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well-known as a kind of autoimmune disease, which brings unbearable pain to the patients by multiple organ complications besides arthritis. To date, RA can be hardly cured, but early diagnosis and standard treatment can relieve symptoms and pain. Therefore, an effective tool to assist the early diagnosis of RA deserves considerable attention. On account of the overexpressed ONOO- during the early stage of RA, a near-infrared (NIR) receptor, Lyso-Cy, is proposed in this work by linker chemistry to expand the conjugated rhodamine framework by cyanine groups. Contributed by the pH-sensitive spiral ring in rhodamine, receptor Lyso-Cy has been found to be workable in lysosomes specifically, which was confirmed by the pH-dependent spectra with a narrow responding region and a well-calculated pKa value of 5.81. We presented an excellent ratiometric sensing protocol for ONOO- in an acidic environment, which was also available for targeting ONOO- in lysosomes selectively. This innovative dual-targeting responsive design is expected to be promising for assisting RA diagnosis at an early stage with respect to the joint inflammatory model established in this work at the organism level.

Antibody-drug conjugates for lymphoma patients: preclinical and clinical evidences.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a recent, revolutionary approach for malignancies treatment, designed to provide superior efficacy and specific targeting of tumor cells, compared to systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. Their structure combines highly potent anti-cancer drugs (payloads or warheads) and monoclonal antibodies (Abs), specific for a tumor-associated antigen, via a chemical linker. Because the sensitive targeting capabilities of monoclonal Abs allow the direct delivery of cytotoxic payloads to tumor cells, these agents leave healthy cells unharmed, reducing toxicity. Different ADCs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of a wide range of malignant conditions, both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy, including for lymphoma patients. Over 100 ADCs are under preclinical and clinical investigation worldwide. This paper it provides an overview of approved and promising ADCs in clinical development for the treatment of lymphoma. Each component of the ADC design, their mechanism of action, and the highlights of their clinical development progress are discussed.

Protein Phosphatase 5-Recruiting Chimeras for Accelerating Apoptosis-Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 Dephosphorylation with Antiproliferative Activity

A normal phosphorylation state is essential for the function of proteins. Biased regulation frequently results in morbidity, especially for the hyperphosphorylation of oncoproteins. The hyperphosphorylation of ASK1 at Thr838 leads to a persistently high activity state, which accelerates the course of gastric cancer. Under normal conditions, PP5 specifically dephosphorylates p-ASK1T838 in cells, thereby weakening ASK1 to a low-basal activity state. However, in tumor types, PP5 shows low activity with a self-inhibition mechanism, making p-ASK1T838 remain at a high level. Thus, we aim to design phosphatase recruitment chimeras (PHORCs) through a proximity-mediated effect for specifically accelerating the dephosphorylation of p-ASK1T838. Herein, we describe DDO3711 as the first PP5-recruiting PHORC, which is formed by connecting a small molecular ASK1 inhibitor to a PP5 activator through a chemical linker, to effectively decrease the level of p-ASK1T838 in vitro and in vivo. DDO3711 shows preferable antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 0.5 μM) against MKN45 cells through a direct binding and proximity-mediated mechanism, while the ASK1 inhibitor and the PP5 activator, used alone or in combination, exhibit no effect on MKN45 cells. Using DDO3711, PHORCs are identified as effective tools to accelerate the dephosphorylation of POIs and provide important evidence to achieve precise phosphorylation regulation, which will promote confidence in the further regulation of abnormally phosphorylated oncoproteins.

Plasma Activation of Microplates Optimized for One-Step Reagent-Free Immobilization of DNA and Protein.

Activated microplates are widely used in biological assays and cell culture to immobilize biomolecules, either through passive physical adsorption or covalent cross-linking. Covalent attachment gives greater stability in complex biological mixtures. However, current multistep chemical activation methods add complexity and cost, require specific functional groups, and can introduce cytotoxic chemicals that affect downstream cellular applications. Here, we show a method for one-step linker-free activation of microplates by energetic ions from plasma for covalent immobilization of DNA and protein. Two types of energetic ion plasma treatment were shown to be effective: plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and plasma-activated coating (PAC). This is the first time that PIII and PAC have been reported in microwell plates with nonflat geometry. We confirm that the plasma treatment generates radical-activated surfaces at the bottom of wells despite potential shadowing from the walls. Comprehensive surface characterization studies were used to compare the PIII and PAC microplate surface composition, wettability, radical density, optical properties, stability, and biomolecule immobilization density. PAC plates were found to have more nitrogen and lower radical density and were more hydrophobic and more stable over 3 months than PIII plates. Optimal conditions were obtained for high-density DNA (PAC, 0 or 21% nitrogen, pH 3-4) and streptavidin (PAC, 21% nitrogen, pH 5-7) binding while retaining optical properties required for typical high-throughput biochemical microplate assays, such as low autofluorescence and high transparency. DNA hybridization and protein activity of immobilized molecules were confirmed. We show that PAC activation allows for high-density covalent immobilization of functional DNA and protein in a single step on both 96- and 384-well plates without specific linker chemistry. These microplates could be used in the future to bind other user-selected ligands in a wide range of applications, for example, for solid phase polymerase chain reaction and stem cell culture and differentiation.

Covalently-Bonded Coating of L-Arginine Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles with Dextran Using Co-Precipitation Method.

In this study, L-arginine (Arg) modified magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (RMNPs) were firstly synthesized through a one-step co-precipitation method, and then these aminated nanoparticles (NPs) were, again, coated by pre-oxidized dextran (Dext), in which aldehyde groups (DextCHO) have been introduced on the polymer chain successfully via a strong chemical linkage. Arg, an amino acid, acts as a mediator to link the Dext to a magnetic core. The as-synthesized Arg-modified and Dext-coated arginine modified Fe3O4 NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Both synthesized samples, XRD pattern and FT-IR spectra proved that the core is magnetite. FT-IR confirmed that the chemical bonds of Arg and Dext both exist in the samples. SEM images showed that the NPs are spherical and have an acceptable distribution size, and the VSM analysis indicated the superparamagnetic behavior of samples. The saturation magnetization was decreased after Dext coating, which confirms successive coating RMNPs with Text. In addition, the TGA analysis demonstrated that the prepared magnetic nanocomposites underwent various weight loss levels, which admitted the modification of magnetic cores with Arg and further coating with Dext.

Effect of acid-associated mechanical pretreatment on the hydrolysis behavior of pine sawdust in subcritical water

The effects of sulfuric acid-associated mechanical pretreatment on the hydrolysis behavior of pine sawdust were investigated in this study. Sulfuric acid could act as an acidic catalyst to depolymerize holocellulose through cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, the dissociation energies of which were supplied by the impact of a ball on pine sawdust, during milling. The destruction of glycosidic and hydrogen bonds in pine sawdust resulted in a decrease of crystallinity and an increase of water solubility. The sulfuric acid could promote the hydrolysis of holocellulose and its hydrolysis products. It also destroyed the chemical linkages between holocellulose and lignin during ball milling. The cleavage of chemical linkages with holocellulose made lignin more difficult to hydrolyze in subcritical water, and higher activation energy was needed to hydrolyze pretreated pine sawdust at higher reaction temperatures. It also led to the formation of glucose char and aromatic-linked polymer char from the hydrolysis products of holocellulose.

Integrated Adsorption–Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants by Carbon Xerogel/Titania Composites

Recent studies on the removal of pollutants via adsorption include the use of carbon-based adsorbents, due to their high porosity and large surface area; however, such materials lack photoactive properties. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of integrated mesoporous carbon xerogel (derived from resorcinol formaldehyde) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for combined adsorption and photodegradation application. The complex formed between carbon xerogel and TiO2 phase was investigated through FTIR, proving the presence of a Ti-O-C chemical linkage. The physicochemical properties of the synthesised adsorbent-photocatalyst were probed using FESEM, BET analysis and UV-Vis analysis. The kinetics, equilibrium adsorption, effect of pH, and effect of adsorbent dosage were investigated. The expansion of the absorbance range to the visible range was verified, and the corresponding band gap evaluated. These properties enabled a visible light response when the system was exposed to visible light post adsorption. Hence, an assistive adsorption-photodegradation phenomenon was successfully executed. The adsorption performance exhibited 85% dye degradation which improved to 99% following photodegradation. Further experiments showed the reduction of microorganisms under visible light, where no microbial colonies were observed after treatment, indicating the potential application of these composite materials.

Simple Low-Cost Production of DNA MS2 Virus-Like Particles As Molecular Diagnostic Controls.

Suitable controls are integral for the validation and continued quality assurance of diagnostic workflows. Plasmids, DNA, or in vitro transcribed RNA are often used to validate novel diagnostic workflows, however, they are poorly representative of clinical samples. RNA phage virus-like particles (VLPs) packaged with exogenous RNA have been used in clinical diagnostics as workflow controls, serving as surrogates for infectious viral particles. Comparable controls for DNA viruses are more challenging to produce, with analogous DNA phages being infectious and packaging of DNA within RNA phages requiring complex purification procedures and expensive chemical linkers. We present a simple and inexpensive method to produce Emesvirus zinderi (MS2) VLPs, packaged with DNA, that makes use of affinity chromatography for purification and enzymatic production of exogenous DNA suitable for packaging. The produced VLPs were packaged with hepatitis B virus DNA and were then quantified using droplet digital PCR and calibrated against the WHO international standard using a commercial assay in an accredited clinical laboratory.

Novel phthalimides regulating PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as potential immunotherapy agents.

Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) have emerged as one of the most promising immune checkpoint targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the inherent advantages of small-molecule inhibitors over antibodies, the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors has fallen behind that of antibody drugs. Based on docking studies between small molecule inhibitor and PD-L1 protein, changing the chemical linker of inhibitor from a flexible chain to an aromatic ring may improve its binding capacity to PD-L1 protein, which was not reported before. A series of novel phthalimide derivatives from structure-based rational design was synthesized. P39 was identified as the best inhibitor with promising activity, which not only inhibited PD-1/PD-L1 interaction (IC50=8.9nmol/L), but also enhanced killing efficacy of immune cells on cancer cells. Co-crystal data demonstrated that P39 induced the dimerization of PD-L1 proteins, thereby blocking the binding of PD-1/PD-L1. Moreover, P39 exhibited a favorable safety profile with a LD50>5000mg/kg and showed significant invivo antitumor activity through promoting CD8+ T cell activation. All these data suggest that P39 acts as a promising small chemical inhibitor against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and has the potential to improve the immunotherapy efficacy of T-cells.

Mechanotransduction in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Mechanobiology is a domain of interdisciplinary research that aims to explore the impact of physical force, applied externally or internally, on cell and tissue function, including development, growth, and differentiation. Mechanotransduction is a term that describes how cells sense physical forces (such as compression, stretch, and shear stress), convert them into biochemical signals, and mount adaptive responses integrated by the nucleus. There is accumulating evidence that mechanical forces extensively inform the biological behaviour of liver cells in health and disease. Recent research has elucidated many cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process including the pleiotropic control and diverse effects of the paralogous transcription co-activators YAP/TAZ, which play a prominent role in mechanotransduction. The liver sinusoids represent a unique microenvironment in which cells are exposed to mechanical cues originating in the cytoskeleton and at interfaces with adjacent cells, the extracellular matrix, and vascular or interstitial fluids. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular lipid accumulation and ballooning, activation of inflammatory responses, dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into a pro-contractile and pro-fibrotic phenotype have been associated with aberrant cycles of mechanosensing and mechanoresponses. The downstream consequences of disrupted mechanical homeostasis likely contribute to the progression of NAFLD and promote the development of portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of molecular targets involved in pathogenic mechanotransduction will allow for the development of novel strategies to prevent the progression of liver disease in NAFLD.

Tailored Charge Transfer Kinetics in Precursors for Organic Radical Batteries: A Joint Synthetic-Theoretical Approach.

The development of sustainable energy storage devices is crucial for the transformation of our energy management. In this scope, organic batteries attracted considerable attention. To overcome the shortcomings of typically applied materials from the classes of redox-active conjugated polymers (i. e., unstable cell voltages) and soft matter-embedded stable organic radicals (i. e., low conductivity), a novel design concept was introduced, integrating such stable radicals within a conductive polymer backbone. In the present theory-driven design approach, redox-active (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyls (TEMPOs) were incorporated in thiophene-based polymer model systems, while structure-property relationships governing the thermodynamic properties as well as the charge transfer kinetics underlying the charging and discharging processes were investigated in a systematical approach. Thereby, the impact of the substitution pattern, the length as well as the nature of the chemical linker, and the ratio of TEMPO and thiophene units was studied using state-of-the-art quantum chemical and quantum dynamical simulations for a set of six molecular model systems. Finally, two promising candidates were synthesized and electrochemically characterized, paving the way to applications in the frame of novel organic radical batteries.

Cathodes Coating Layer with Li-Ion Diffusion Selectivity Employing Interactive Network of Metal-Organic Polyhedras for Li-Ion Batteries.

Surface modification of cathodes using Ni-rich coating layers prevents bulk and surface degradation for the stable operation of Li-ion batteries at high voltages. However, insulating and dense inorganic coating layers often impede charge transfer and ion diffusion kinetics. In this study, the fabrication of dual functional coating materials using metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) with 3D networks within microporous units of Li-ion batteries for surface stabilization and facile ion diffusion is proposed. Zr-based MOP is modified by introducing acyl groups as a chemical linkage (MOPAC), and MOPAC layers are homogenously coated by simple spray coating on the cathode. The coating allow the smooth transport of electrons and ions. MOPAC effectively suppress side reactions between the cathode and electrolyte and protect active materials against aggressive fluoride ions by forming a Li-ion selective passivation film. The MOPAC-coated Ni-rich layered cathode exhibited better cycle retention and enhanced kinetic properties than pristine and MOP-coated cathodes. Reduction of undesirable gas evolution on the cathode by MOPAC is also verified. Microporous MOPAC coating can simultaneously stabilize both the bulk and surface of the Ni-rich layered cathode and maintain good electrochemical reaction kinetics for high-performance Li-ion batteries.