Link Information Research Articles

Agent-based modeling of large socio-economic systems based on the general theory of functional systems of P.K. Anokhin

A new methodology for modeling the dynamics of a large socio-economic system as an living organism, developing in accordance with the internal structure and inertia and capable of self-organization under the influence of external factors, including control actions, is presented. The methodology is based on the application of the general theory of functional systems by P.K. Anokhin, as well as its formalization - the category theory of systems, according to which the internal architecture of a functional system is represented as a huge graph of connections between its individual elements. In the agent-based model, the elements are agents of two types (people and organizations), and their connections indicate the direction of the transfer of information, material and financial resources. The minimum necessary structure of the properties of agents and their environment, as well as algorithms for their interaction, providing imitation of the formation of inter-agent links, building production chains and creating new economic agents, has been developed.

Achieving Covert Wireless Communication With a Multi-Antenna Relay

We investigate covert wireless communication in a multi-antenna relay network, where the relay transmits its own covert message to the destination when assisting the source’s information delivery, and the source acts as a warden to detect this covert transmission. Based on whether the channel state information of the relay-destination link is available at the source or not, we propose two relay beamforming schemes, namely random beamforming and maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming schemes, to guarantee the reception reliability at the destination while deliberately introducing uncertainty to the source to degrade its detection. Under the worst-case covert communication scenario where the source is capable of optimizing its detection threshold, analytical expressions for the minimum detection error probability achieved by each of the proposed schemes are derived to evaluate the detection limits of the source. By utilizing the above analytical results as the covertness constraint, an optimization problem of transmit power allocation for each scheme is formulated and solved to maximize the covert rate. The impact of imperfect channel state information on the covert communication performance is also examined. Simulation results are performed to confirm the accuracy of the derived analytical results and quantify the communication covertness enhancement of the proposed schemes. Our results also show that the MRT beamforming scheme offers a higher covert rate than that of the random beamforming scheme, especially when the covertness constraint becomes loose and/or the number of antennas at the relay increases.

Computational analysis and in vitro investigation on Citrus flavonoids for inflammatory, diabetic and AGEs targets

Flavonoids are a diverse class of polyphenolic substances largely found in plants including citrus peels and are reported to posess a variety of biological activities. We investigated important flavonoids apigenin, hesperidin, narigin, quercetin and tangeritine against diabetes and associated conditions. In current project drug likeness, ADMET analysis, molecular docking and in vitro assays were performed. The apigenin, quercetin and tanagretin exhibited compliance with Lipinski’s rule of five. The molecular docking analysis showed best fit in transcriptional regulator 3TOP and 1IK3 in all tested compounds. During antioxidant assays, all flavonoids presented excellent activities. In the α-glucosidase assay, quercetin showed highest inhibition (76% at final concentration of 52 µg/ml) followed by tangeritin (73% at final concentration of 52 µg/ml). In case of 15-Lox assay, highest inhibition was seen in case of quercetin (75%) followed by apigenin (53%). In the AGEs assay, the quercetin showed 47% inhbition of protein cross link formation preceeded by the tenegretin exhited 37% inhibition. It was therefore concluded that tested flavonoids have significant activities in both in silico and in vitro models that is mainly due to differences in structural features and polar surface area.

Identification and Estimation of a Partially Linear Regression Model Using Network Data

I study a regression model in which one covariate is an unknown function of a latent driver of link formation in a network. Rather than specify and fit a parametric network formation model, I introduce a new method based on matching pairs of agents with similar columns of the squared adjacency matrix, the ijth entry of which contains the number of other agents linked to both agents i and j. The intuition behind this approach is that for a large class of network formation models the columns of the squared adjacency matrix characterize all of the identifiable information about individual linking behavior. In this paper, I describe the model, formalize this intuition, and provide consistent estimators for the parameters of the regression model.

A novel security mechanism for software defined network based on Blockchain

The decoupling of the data plane and the control plane in the Software- Defined Network (SDN) can increase the flexibility of network management and operation. And it can reduce the network limitations caused by the hardware. However, the centralized scheme in SDN also can introduce some other security issues such as the single point of failure, the data consistency in multiple-controller environment and the spoofing attack initiated by a malicious device in the data plane. To solve these problems, a security framework for SDN based on Blockchain (BCSDN) is proposed in this paper. BCSDN adopts a physically distributed and logically centralized multi-controller architecture. LLDP protocol is periodically used to obtain the link state information of the network, and a Merkle tree is establised according to the collected link information and the signature is generate based on KSI for each link that submitted by a switch by the main controller selected by using the PoW mechanism. Such, the dynamic change of network topology is recorded on Blockchian and the consistency of the topology information among multiple controllers can be guaranteed. The main controller issues the signature to the corresponding switch and a controller checks the legitimate of a switch by verifying the signature when it requests the flow rule table from the controller later. The signature verification ensures the authenticated communication between a controller and a switch. Finally, the simulation of the new scheme is implemented in Mininet platform that is a network emulation platform and experiments are done to verify our novel solution in our simulation tool. And we also informally analysis the security attributes that provided by our BCSDN.

Formation of the ecosystem of the educational program based on social networking sites technology

The paper investigates the problem of transforming existing approaches to the formation of new effective links between universities and all stakeholders, which becomes the basis for creating competitive educational programs. The purpose of the study is to determine the prerequisites for the formation of an ecosystem and substantiate the concept of interaction between key stakeholders of the educational program based on partnership, network communications and digital transformation. Based on results of the SWOT analysis of the acting master’s educational programs, where the authors work, the feasibility of forming information and communication space of educational program as an ecosystem with the use of all opportunities provided by digital technologies is proved, in particular: the reasons for the inefficiency of existing communication channels within university educational programs are discovered; opportunities and limitations of social networking technology in the deployment of the educational program SMART platform are revealed; the concept of such a virtual space is proposed; benefits of the platform for key stakeholders in the educational program are substantially analyzed. SMART platform architectonics of the educational program is elaborated that describes deciding components of the platform considering the needs of key stakeholders of the educational program and SMART principles of ecosystem formation. The request of members of the educational community for the formation of an open learning space solves the following tasks: 1) students receive direct access to all educational materials, relevant information on cooperation with companies and participation in research projects; 2) expanding the boundaries of educational products, the use of new tools and forms of educational work, the involvement of business experts in the educational process; 3) direct access of employers to program students as potential employees, which minimizes transaction costs for finding personnel with a high level of practical competence, attracting young talents, introducing modern training content in accordance with professional standards. Such collaboration will be able to ensure the relevance of scientific research, enhance its practical significance and facilitate the transfer of innovative technologies into the business environment.

Presenting a new motif-based link prediction for predicting activities in Facebook

Motif distribution in different complex networks holds much information about network structure. As a network evolves, some new links appear and its motifs are transitioned into each other and their distribution changes as well as a network structure. The study of how motifs transition to each other can impact on study of complex networks and the link formation process. In this paper, the distribution and transitions of triads in different Facebook activity networks such as like, comment, post, and share networks are studied. After studying motif transitions over time, a new algorithm is presented for link prediction or activity recommendation for Facebook activity networks. In addition, to analyze motif transitions easily as well as speed up the presented algorithm, new concepts for analyzing sub-graphs have been presented including the motif transition graph and also its Hasse diagram. In addition, we have found out that among 53 different triad transitions only 10 of them are valuable in terms of link prediction in activity networks, and this has been used to accelerate the link prediction algorithm. The performed experiments show that the presented method has better results versus previous link prediction methods.

Stable expressions with the color adjective orange in the Russian language of the 20th century

The article presents a structural and semantic analysis of stable expressions of the 20th century with the adjective orange, many of which are based on metaphorical and associative-symbolic use of their constituent components. Among the ways of the author's transformation of such lexical units, the authors note the addition and replacement of significant parts of speech with other forms of the same word or synonyms, as well as a change in the location of the components of the expression in relation to each other, which not only does not destroy the idiom, but, on the contrary, intensifies its meaning. The evolution of the original meaning of expressions with the color adjective orange is shown, which is due to the change (expansion) of the circle of nouns combined with the adjective, the implication of evaluation, the formation of new synonymous links with metaphor. Particular attention is paid to stable expressions with political significance, the largest number of which began to appear since 2013 in connection with political events taking place in Ukraine, where orange was chosen for the symbols of the Ukrainian opposition. The development of negative connotations in the expression orange revolution is explained by the corresponding semantic potential of the adjective orange itself, for which semes with negative connotations are productive in speech. The expansion of the compatibility of the adjective orange in modern Russian has led to the emergence of new meanings for the adjectival. Using examples extracted from the newspaper subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, representing a collection of texts of printed newspapers and electronic agencies of the 2000s, it is shown that the use of stable expressions with the color adjective orange reflects the tendency characteristic of the development of the modern Russian language to expressivize the written text in connection with the formation of an evaluative statement capable of conveying the attitude of a journalist to social, cultural, political events. At the same time, the expressed social axiological assessment performs various functions in the text: from attracting attention and overcoming the standard to manipulating the consciousness of the mass reader.

Paleomagnetic survey of the Goulburn Supergroup, Kilohigok Basin, Nunavut, Canada: Toward an understanding of the Orosirian apparent polar wander path of the Slave craton

The Orosirian paleopoles from the three circum-Slave basins (i.e., the Great Slave, Coronation, and Kilohigok Basins) of the Slave craton show large (∼110°) and back-and-forth swings at 1.96–1.87 Ga, known as the Coronation loops. The Coronation loops, taken at face value, would imply rapid and substantial spin motions of the Slave craton, which is at odds with modern plate tectonics. Alternatively, the Coronation loops have been interpreted as a product of basin-scale rotations, local-scale vertical-axis rotations, or inertial interchange true polar wander (IITPW). One way to differentiate these models is to take advantage of the well-correlated stratigraphy in three circum-Slave basins and directly compare the time-equivalent paleomagnetic results. In this study, we collected ∼300 samples from nine formations from the Goulburn Supergroup of the Kilohigok Basin, in shallowly dipping autochthonous sections east of the Bathurst Fault. We provide seven new reconnaissance-level paleopoles of the Slave craton, namely from the Kenyon, Hackett, Rifle, Beechey, Link, Kuuvik, and Brown Sound Formations of the Goulburn Supergroup. Our results and the compiled Orosirian paleomagnetic data of the Slave craton suggest that although basin-scale rotation or local vertical-axis rotation in fault zones are able to explain some of the disagreements among time-correlative paleopoles, they could not account for the large declination variation within the homoclinal sections in individual basins. Notably, our results from the ∼1963 Ma Rifle Formation show progressive changes in declination through the stratigraphy, which cannot be explained by either basin-scale or local vertical-axis rotations. Selective remagnetization is also considered unlikely to be the cause. Instead, we suggest that IITPW could potentially be responsible for the Coronation loops, which could also provide an explanation for some discrepant paleomagnetic data observed globally during the Orosirian time.

Formation of links between microorganisms of certain groups in haplic luvisol under the influence of mineral fertilization and liming

The aim of the research was to form connections between separate groups of microorganisms as a part of groups of gray forest soil (Haplic Luvisol) during the cultivation of spring wheat with the use of various fertilizers and liming systems. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the landfill monitoring system on the basis of a stationary experiment of the Department of Agrosoil Science and Soil Microbiology at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” - Development and improvement of intensive cultivation technologies of agricultural crops on the basis of the expanded soil fertility reproduction. The main results of the study: The number of ammonifiers is positively correlated with the total number of microorganisms (0,955), the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, denitrifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, actin- and micromycetes, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization compounds, the total biological activity (0,911). The conclusions of previous research are confirmed: Azotobacter is not a diagnostic microorganism for effective soil fertility, as evidenced by the insignificance of the correlation coefficients between the number of Azotobacter and the yield of spring wheat (0,265), winter wheat (0,131), soybeans (0,303). The number of Azotobacter correlates inversely with most of the studied indicators, especially significant - with the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, actinomycetes, melanin-synthesizing micromycetes (-0,719), acid-forming microorganisms (- 0,611), physiological and biochemical activity of own cells, pedotrophic index. The direct nature of the relationship is established between the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms as a diagnostic group for the optimal mineral nutrition of plants and the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers (0,854), pedotrophs (0,970), cellulose-destructive (0,724) and autochthonous (0,878) microorganisms, actinomycetes, micromycetes, the total number of microorganisms (0,588), probability of colony formation of denitrifiers, autochthonous microorganisms and micromycetes, nitrogen mineralization coefficient, total biological activity (0,646). Indigenous microorganisms show a high level of direct dependence on the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, pedotrophs, cellulose-destroying and polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, the total number of microorganisms, physiological and biochemical activity of denitrifiers and own cells (0,935).

Homeostasis and adaptation: pathophysiological aspects of somato-vegetative interaction in ontogenesis

The review presents information on the somatovegetative interaction of blood circulation and respiration from the point of view of the views of Professor Yu.P. Pushkarev. Data are presented that speak of the complexity and complexity of the problem of homeostasis and adaptation, the unresolved many issues that are important for understanding the stability of the internal environment of the body and establishing the limits of the norm. It has been shown that within the neurohumoral system of the body, the interaction of various components of functional systems is constantly carried out, ensuring the conjugation of respiration and blood circulation with the formation of intersystem links. Some aspects of the formation of functions in animals and humans in postnatal ontogenesis are considered. It is emphasized that homeostasis is an internal balance of indicators in the body, but its values are constantly changing due to the center-peripheral integration of functions. It was emphasized that the process of achieving a beneficial adaptive result is characterized by the asymmetry of physiological indicators, and the intersystem interaction ensures the balancing of homeostasis constants in terms of adaptation to environmental conditions. It has been shown that over-threshold environmental influences and homeostasis parameters shift in the body, compensatory-adaptive reactions occur, aimed at maintaining a certain level of stationary state, eliminating or limiting the effect of the harmful factor and optimizing the interaction of the organism and the environment due to the formation of intersystem links. Analyzed the pathophysiological mechanisms of changes in function in certain diseases and stress effects. It is shown that the further study of the somatovegetative interaction in the context of the ideas of Yu.P. Pushkarev will allow revealing the true mechanisms of synchronization of functions in the organism of animals and humans in order to understand its existence as an independent self-regulating system.

Intermediation in the interbank lending market

We examine systemic risk in the interbank market. We first establish that in the German interbank lending market, a few large banks intermediate funding flows between many smaller periphery banks. We then develop a network model in which banks trade off the costs and benefits of link formation. The model is structurally estimated using banks’ preferences as revealed by the observed network structure before the Great Financial Crisis. In out-of-sample tests, model estimates based on pre-crisis data successfully predict changes in the network structure and lending to firms during the Great Financial Crisis. Finally, for each of the intermediaries, we quantify systemic risk and the impact of European Central Bank funding in reducing this risk.

IMPROVEMENT OF MARKETING AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT PROCESSES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CURRENT TRENDS IN MARKET DEVELOPMENT

The article investigates and considers options for the organization of marketing and logistics activities at the enterprise and developed a mechanism for managing marketing and logistics activities of the enterprise in order to implement them in the enterprise. With the help of theoretical analysis of marketing and logistics management processes and analysis of models, methods and mechanisms of marketing and logistics system of the enterprise considered the essence, purpose, content, objectives, basic principles and laws of reproduction of marketing and logistics activities in changing market conditions. the relationship of marketing and logistics at all levels of marketing and logistics strategy of the enterprise. Under the influence of marketing is the modification of the tasks of internal management and internal corporate planning of logistics activities of the enterprise. Reducing the costs of marketing and logistics strategy is one of the most affordable reserves to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. The article examines a number of problems related to improving the management of marketing and logistics activities of the enterprise and developing an effective mechanism for its operation, adequate to the processes taking place in the market, taking into account strategic, tactical and technological aspects. Because, as utility analysis shows, a product or service provides satisfaction to the consumer only if it is available there and when the need arises, to achieve such satisfaction, integrated efforts are needed, both internal and external (with suppliers and end users). With this in mind, we need to work on understanding the importance of relations, intensifying communications between all participants in the marketing and logistics process and on the formation of information links.

Lexical connectivity effects in immediate serial recall of words.

In six experiments, we tested whether immediate serial recall is influenced by a word's degree centrality, an index of lexical connectivity. Words of high degree centrality are associated with more words in free association norms than those of low degree centrality. Experiment 1 analyzed secondary data to explore the effect of degree centrality in wordlists containing a mixture of high- and low-degree words. High-degree words were advantaged across all serial positions, independently of other variables including word frequency. Experiment 2 replicated this finding using an expanded stimulus set. Experiment 3 used pure lists with each list containing high- or low-degree words only (e.g., HHHHHH vs. LLLLLL). Once again, high-degree words were better recalled across all serial positions. In Experiment 4, each wordlist alternated between high and low-degree words (e.g., HLHLHL and LHLHLH). Recall of low-degree words was facilitated by the neighboring high-degree words, abolishing the overall high-degree advantage. Experiment 5 used a within-participant design and replicated the findings from Experiments 3 and 4 such that the high-degree advantage in pure lists disappeared in alternating lists. Experiment 6 compared high and low frequency words in pure lists while controlling for degree centrality between the item sets. A high-frequency advantage emerged, suggesting that the effects of frequency and degree centrality are separable. We conclude that degree centrality is a distinct psycholinguistic variable that affects serial recall as both (a) an item-level characteristic such that high (vs. low) degree words have greater accessibility in the lexicon and (b) an interitem property such that high-degree words facilitate the recall of neighboring words by enhancing the formation of associative links. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of N-acetyl chito-oligosaccharides on the biosynthesis and properties of chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Chitin exists in yeast cells both as free and bound in a complex with β-1,3/β-1,6-glucan. The formation of covalent links between chitin and β-glucans is catalyzed by the enzymes Crh1 and Crh2, acting as transglycosylases. We found that N-acetyl-chito-oligosaccharides, as well as laminarioligosaccharides, the respective products of partial hydrolysis of chitin, and β-1,3-glucan, interfered with reactions catalyzed by Crh1p and Crh2p in vitro. However, the N-acetyl-chito-oligosaccharides did not influence the growth rate of the yeast, neither did they affect the yeast phenotype, but they prolonged the lag phase. Inhibition of Crh1 and Crh2 in vivo with oligosaccharides derived from chitin leads to an increase of alkali-soluble chitin and a decrease in the amount of chitin linked to β-glucans. In addition, yeast cells growing in the presence of N-acetyl-D-chito-oligosaccharides accumulated more chitin than control cells.

Sensor Deployment Strategy and Traffic Demand Estimation with Multisource Data

Since traffic origin-destination (OD) demand is a fundamental input parameter of urban road network planning and traffic management, multisource data are adopted to study methods of integrated sensor deployment and traffic demand estimation. A sensor deployment model is built to determine the optimal quantity and locations of sensors based on the principle of maximum link and route flow coverage information. Minimum variance weighted average technology is used to fuse the observed multisource data from the deployed sensors. Then, the bilevel maximum likelihood traffic demand estimation model is presented, where the upper-level model uses the method of maximum likelihood to estimate the traffic demand, and the lower-level model adopts the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) to derive the route choice proportion. The sequential identification of sensors and iterative algorithms are designed to solve the sensor deployment and maximum likelihood traffic demand estimation models, respectively. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed sensor deployment model can be used to determine the optimal scheme of refitting sensors. The values estimated by the multisource data fusion-based traffic demand estimation model are close to the real traffic demands, and the iterative algorithm can achieve an accuracy of 10−3 in 20 s. This research has significantly promoted the effects of applying multisource data to traffic demand estimation problems.

Sequential competition and the strategic origins of preferential attachment

We analyze whether random network formation processes, such as preferential attachment, can emerge as the outcome of strategic behaviour. We represent network formation as an extensive game in which players sequentially form links as they enter the network. In this setting, we investigate under which conditions subgame perfect equilibria of the game are observationally equivalent with random network formation process. We put forward two structural conditions that are necessary in this respect. First, players must have some form of imperfect information as randomization is purposeful only if its realization is not perfectly observed by the other players. Second, there must be some form of competition between a player and its successors: a player has incentives to reduce the information available to its successors only to the extent that their objectives are in opposition. Accordingly, we put forward a class of games where players compete with their predecessors and their successors for the costs and benefits induced by link formation and show that subgame perfect equilibria of this game are observationally equivalent with random network formation process. In particular, when linkage costs are inversely proportional to the degree of a node, equilibrium play induces a preferential attachment process. This provides a positive answer to the question of the existence of strategic foundations for preferential attachment. However the very specific conditions requiredfor the observational equivalence to hold suggest that preferential attachment can be explained by strategic considerations only in a limited number of situations.

Leaders in juvenile crime

This paper presents a new theory of crime where leaders transmit a crime technology and act as a role model for other criminals. We show that, in equilibrium, an individual’s crime effort and criminal decisions depend on the geodesic distance to the leader in his or her network of social contacts. By using data on friendship networks among U.S. high-school students, we structurally estimate the model and find evidence supporting its predictions. In particular, by using a definition of a criminal leader that is exogenous to the network formation of friendship links, we find that the longer is the distance to the leader, the lower is the criminal activity of the delinquents and the less likely they are to become criminals. We finally perform a counterfactual experiment that reveals that a policy that removes all criminal leaders from a school can, on average, reduce criminal activity by about 20% and the individual probability of becoming a criminal by 10%.

Community-guided link prediction in multiplex networks

Multiplex link prediction is the problem of finding missing links between nodes based on information from other layers. Although the link prediction problem in the online social networks is studied comprehensively, most approaches only employ internal features of the under prediction layer and do not consider additional link information from other networks. Also, many existing link prediction techniques are only based on the extracted information from links or nodes. However, the information flow in many real-world systems like social networks is considered as collaborative relations on correlated groups as an alternative for individual relations. In this research, we have proposed a Community-guided Link Prediction based on External Similarity (CLPES) method for multiplex networks in which, beside nodes and links information, community information is also employed. In our proposed method, we used an evolutionary algorithm (MOEA/D-TS) for specifying the community structure of the desired network. Next, the incorporation of internal features of each layer with a new external similarity metric (ExSim) obtains the final values for the likelihood of link formation in the network. Experiments on various real-world multiplex networks prove the capability of the proposed CLPES method for producing improved results and its superiority against other link prediction algorithms.

Link prediction by deep non-negative matrix factorization

Link prediction aims to predict missing links or eliminate spurious links and new links in future network by known network structure information. Most existing link prediction methods are shallow models and did not consider network noise. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel link prediction model based on deep non-negative matrix factorization, which elegantly fuses topology and sparsity-constrained to perform link prediction tasks. Specifically, our model fully exploits the observed link information for each hidden layer by deep non-negative matrix factorization. Then, we utilize the common neighbor method to calculate the similarity scores and map it to multi-layer low-dimensional latent space to obtain the topological information of each hidden layer. Simultaneously, we employ the ℓ2,1-norm constrained factor matrix at each hidden layer to remove the random noise. Besides, we provide an effective the multiplicative updating rules to learn the parameter of this model with the convergence guarantees. Extensive experiments results on eight real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.