Mucosal Lining Research Articles

Submucosal Thyroarytenoid Myectomy with Arytenoidectomy in Treating Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility.

Surgery for bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) aims to establish a patent airway while maintaining voice and swallow function, a unique dilemma. Current techniques display unfavorable healing vectors, and exposed endolaryngeal tissue results in substantial airway granulation requiring postoperative care. We present a novel technique to improve glottic airway patency by preserving laryngeal mucosal lining and harnessing lateral retraction of glottic tissue to reduce revisions for granulation tissue and laryngeal scar. Case-series analysis was performed on eight BVFI patients who underwent submucosal thyroarytenoid myectomy with arytenoidectomy for treatment from 2011 to 2021. Patient medical comorbidities and BVFI etiology were reviewed. Decannulation rates, revision procedures, requirement of emergency services, and pre- and postoperative status were assessed by laryngology and speech-language pathology using the following metrics: VHI, DI, Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC), GRBAS, jitter percentage, shimmer percentage, pitch range, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index, and diet type. Pre- and postoperative distal-chip flexible laryngoscopy with stroboscopy was performed. Outcome measures were assessed using paired Student's t-test of pre- and postoperative categorical variables. Successful decannulation was achieved in all (four of eight) patients with previous tracheostomy. All patients reported improved respiratory symptoms without tracheotomy. There was no difference in long-term voice outcomes. All patients tolerated a mechanical soft or regular diet, without new or worsened dysphagia. Submucosal thyroarytenoid myomectomy with arytenoidectomy represents an effective BVFI treatment, through utilizing natural vectors of scarring, preservation of endolaryngeal mucosa, and preservation of the superficial lamina propria and the vocal ligament. 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Long-Term Survival of Bladder Augmentation is Influenced by its Shape and Mucosal Lining

Long-Term Survival of Bladder Augmentation is Influenced by its Shape and Mucosal Lining

Mechanism of HOXA10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation through the PTPRG-AS1/USP1 axis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. The present study sought to analyze the mechanism by which homeobox A10 (HOXA10) affects NPC cell proliferation. The expression levels of HOXA10/long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PTPRG antisense RNA 1 (PTPRG-AS1)/ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1) in NPC tissues and cells were determined. Cell proliferation was evaluated. The enrichment of HOXA10 on the PTPRG-AS1 promoter was determined. The binding of PTPRG-AS1, HuR, and USP1 to each other was analyzed via RNA immunoprecipitation. USP1 mRNA stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. The role of the PTPRG-AS1/USP1 axis in NPC cell proliferation was analyzed in combined experiments. The role of HOXA10 in vivo was confirmed in xenograft tumor models. The results revealed that HOXA10 was overexpressed in NPC. HOXA10 downregulation reduced NPC cell proliferation. PTPRG-AS1 and USP1 were upregulated in NPC. HOXA10 bound to the PTPRG-AS1 promoter to increase PTPRG-AS1 expression, and the binding of PTPRG-AS1 to HuR increased USP1 expression. PTPRG-AS1 or USP1 overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of HOXA10 downregulation on NPC cell proliferation. HOXA10 downregulation inhibited in vivo NPC proliferation through the PTPRG-AS1/USP1 axis. In conclusion, HOXA10 facilitates NPC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo through the PTPRG-AS1/USP1 axis.

Dynamics of the effect of local treatment on the frequency of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole in the cytogram of buccal epithelium in patients with the erosive and ulcerative form of the lichen planus in the oral cavity mucosa lining

INTRODUCTION. The use of cytologic studies allows evaluating the dynamics of the local treatment conducted of the EUF (L43.82) LP OCML (Erosive and Ulcerative Form of the Lichen Planus in the Oral Cavity Mucosa Lining) in a comprehensive way.AIM. Evaluation of the effect of local the effect of local treatment on the frequency of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole in the cytogram of buccal epithelium of the reticular mesh surface, hyperemic zone and erosive and ulcerative elements in patients with the erosive and ulcerative form of the flat lichen of the oral mucosa (L43.82).MATERIAL AND METHODS. 86 patients with the EUF (L43.82) LP OCML participated in the study. The number of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole was assessed in cytologic preparations obtained from buccal epithelium, which was a reliable criterion to confirm the nature of chronic inflammation. The dynamics of cells with necrosis in the cytogram of buccal epithelium was evaluated using nonparametric criteria as follows: Mann-Whitney test (comparison between subgroups and with the experimental group), Wilcoxon test (to compare within subgroups before and after treatment). Significant differences did not exceed 0.05.RESULTS. In the course of the treatment conducted in the cytogram of buccal epithelium there was a decrease in the frequency of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole of the reticular mesh surface and erosive and ulcerative elements in patients of the main clinical groups 1 and 2(p< 0.001). When analyzing the frequency of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole in the cytogram of buccal epithelium taken from the surface of erosions and ulcers, there were significant differences before and after treatment according to the Wilcoxon test. In the clinical group using the treatment method according to federal guidelines, the frequency of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole was observed at a significance level of p< 0.05, and when using the local treatment complex proposed respectively at p< 0.001.CONCLUSION. Thus, in the cytogram of buccal epithelium according to the Wilcoxon test before and after the local treatment proposed, there was a more evident decrease in the number of nuclei with perinuclear vacuole than with the use of federal guidelines.

Feasibility and Impact on Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions under Real-Time Direct Vision by Iriscope®

Plain Language SummaryThis study explores a new tool called the Iriscope®, which helps doctors see lung lesions in real time during procedures. Lung lesions are areas in the lungs that may be affected by disease, including cancer. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment. In our research, we tested the Iriscope® on 70 patients with suspicious lung lesions. The Iriscope® allowed doctors to see the lesions directly, helping them take precise samples for diagnosis. This tool provided a clear view of more than half of the lung lesions and helped accurately diagnose 92.5% of these cases. Common observations made using the Iriscope® included thicker mucosal linings, increased blood vessel presence, pale or gray tissue, blockages with mucus buildup, and uneven mucosal surfaces. These detailed images helped doctors understand the nature of the lesions better without using radiation or taking more time during procedures. Overall, the Iriscope® shows promise as a helpful addition to lung cancer diagnosis, offering real-time, detailed images that can lead to better patient outcomes.

Cepharanthine sensitizes gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy by targeting TRIB3-FOXO3-FOXM1 axis to inhibit autophagy

BackgroundGastric cancer is among the common solid tumors. Chemotherapy resistance is the most common issue in gastric cancer treatment. Inhibiting intracellular autophagy may be a feasible method for overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Cepharanthine (CEP), a natural small molecule extracted from the stephania cephalantha Hayata plant, has been demonstrated to significantly inhibit cancer growth and can regulate autophagy. Although CEP can significantly inhibit cancer growth, it remains unclear whether CEP can regulate autophagy in gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether CEP can enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer to chemotherapy and elucidate its molecular mechanism. MethodsThree gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, SGC7901, and MFC) and one normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell line (GES-1) were used for in vitro experiments. The characterization of autophagy in gastric cancer cells included the detection of autophagy markers and autophagy flux through immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, as well as the assessment of lysosomal function using fluorescence staining (LysoTracker Red DND-99, Acridine Orange staining) and Western blotting. The cytotoxicity of CEP, autophagy inhibitors (chloroquine [CQ] and 3-methyladenine [3MA]), and chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin [DOX] and cisplatin [CIS]) was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, cell colony formation, and fluorescence staining techniques (H2DCFDA, Dihydroethidium, and JC-1 staining). The interaction between CEP and autophagy inhibitors was tested in a 615 mice model, and changes in the gut microbiota were determined through accurate 16S absolute quantification sequencing. The signaling pathway and autophagy regulatory target TRIB3-FOXO3-FOXM1 were confirmed through molecular docking, RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, transfection techniques, and Western blotting. ResultsCEP blocked autophagic flux in gastric cancer cells without affecting lysosomal function. As a novel autophagy inhibitor, CEP could combine with conventional autophagy inhibitors (CQ and 3MA) to block intracellular autophagy, thereby inhibiting gastric cancer growth. During this process, changes in the gut microbiota were observed, including low-level changes in Odoribacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, and ParaPrevotella and high-level changes in Ileibacterium, Enterorhabdus, and Bifidobacterium. Additionally, CEP synergistically inhibited the growth of gastric cancer when combined with chemotherapy drugs. Mechanistically, the TRIB3-FOXO3-FOXM1 signaling axis was found to be involved in the inhibition of gastric cancer by CEP combined with autophagy inhibitors and chemotherapy drugs, thereby mediating cell apoptosis. ConclusionThis study links the TRIB3-FOXO3-FOXM1 axis with chemotherapy efficacy. Our findings demonstrated that CEP inhibits autophagy by modulating the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis. When combined with chemotherapy drugs (DOX and CIS), CEP, as an autophagy inhibitor, can limit TRIB3 protein expression, thereby regulating the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis and enhancing its ability to prevent gastric cancer growth. These findings may contribute to improving the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, these results enrich the fundamental understanding of how autophagy inhibition can enhance clinical cancer treatment efficacy and provide insights into the potential mechanisms by which CEP functions as an anti-tumor drug, thereby exploring its value for clinical application.

Ocular surface complications secondary to eyelid resection of infiltrating basal cell carcinoma

A 77-year-old female patient with the presence of a cutaneous neoformation of approximately 1 cm by 1 cm was verified at the level of the middle third and external third of the right lower palpebral eyelid, which extended to the tarsal conjunctiva of the fornix. It was decided to perform closed dacryointubation with silicone tube placement, full thickness resection of the lesion with free edges, cheek and preauricular skin rotation flap (Mustardé type) associated with autologous chondro-perichondral graft of the external ear (Matsuo type), with oral mucosa graft to restore the posterior lamella. After 15 days, the patient reports a foreign body sensation at the level of the right eye. irregularity and malposition of the lower eyelid edge, positioning abnormality of the cutaneous mucosal junction line, conjunctival hyperemia, tear breakup time of 5 seconds, tear meniscus measurement of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm, inferior punctate epithelial keratopathy, which stains with fluorescein.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF PROBIOTICS ISOLATED FROM HUMAN MILK

People all over the world are embracing probiotics as a result of growing awareness of the health advantages connected to ingesting living bacteria. Proper administration of probiotics has been shown to provide numerous health advantages to the host. The Lactobacillus genus, which naturally resides in the mucosal linings of humans and animals, and it is essential for stabilizing the gastrointestinal tract and protecting intestinal health from infections. There has been a great deal of interest in their potential uses as probiotics, mucosal vaccine vectors, and agents regulating metabolic activities. The present study aimed at isolating and characterizing novel probiotics from human milk and functionally assessing them in vivo for their physiological, enzymatic and antimicrobial activity. Probiotic isolates from human milk were amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic and were found to be tolerant to low pH of 3.5, 10% salt and 0.3% bile salt. Primary method of cross streaking and secondary streaking by agar diffusion method revealed antagonistic activity of the isolates against tests pathogens of humans viz., S. aureus Newman, P. fluorescens, S. epidermis and S. aureus. Antibiofilm activity of probiotic isolates in vivo against P. fluorescens and S. aureus Newman indicated that the metabolites present in the Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) of the isolates may have the ability to inhibit the formation of biofilm of pathogenic strains. The most efficient probiotic isolates was identified as Weissella confusa and the NCBI GenBank accession number was obtained. The infected mice administered with probiotic isolate Weissella confusa PS17 showed reduced mortality rate than the mice infected with pathogenic strain S. aureus Newman, thus indicating that probiotic strain boosted the immune response of the mice. The Serum uric acid levels was normalised after the infected mice was treated with W. confusa PS17 and this in turn enhanced the survival rate of mice. The present study indicates that isolate W. confusa PS17 can be a promising candidate in improving the condition of health.

Haga su diagnóstico

In the present case offered by Dr. Ramírez-Arias' team, a colon study by enema was carried out as request of the family doctor. It is a radiological study using a radiopaque contrast medium enema; that by firing the X-ray, it is possible to observe and highlight the structure of the inner wall or mucosal lining of the colon. So it is possible to detect diseases and abnormalities. We invite you to carry out this exercise that involves a currently asymptomatic geriatric patient who was diagnosed in a timely manner using radiological tools.

Dynamic response of the intestinal microbiome to Eimeria maxima-induced coccidiosis in chickens.

We have observed for the first time the dynamic response of the intestinal microbiota to Eimeria maxima infection, synchronized with its life cycle. Minimal changes occur in both the ileal and cecal microbiota during early infection, while significant alterations coincide with acute infection and disruption of the intestinal mucosal lining. As animals recover from coccidiosis, the intestinal microbiota largely returns to normal. E. maxima-induced intestinal inflammation likely creates an environment conducive to the growth of aerotolerant anaerobes such as Lactobacillus, as well as facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus, while suppressing the growth of obligate anaerobes such as short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. These findings expand our understanding of the temporal dynamics of the microbiota structure during Eimeria infection and offer insights into the pathogenesis of coccidiosis, supporting the rationale for microbiome-based strategies in the control and prevention of this condition.

Silencing miR-155–5p expression improves intestinal damage through inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis in necrotizing enterocolitis

BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a condition characterized by acquired damage to the mucosal lining, predominantly affecting premature infants. Bioinformatics assessments uncovered a notable rise in miR-155–5p expression in the intestinal tissues of infants suffering from NEC. Nevertheless, the development of NEC's underlying mechanisms and the role of miR-155–5p are still not well understood. This research aimed to explore the role of miR-155–5p in NEC and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsTo replicate NEC in vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed, whereas an in vivo rat model of NEC was established using formula feeding and exposure to hypoxia. Subsequently, levels of inflammatory cytokines, cell survival, and apoptosis rates were assessed. Various biochemical indicators such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured utilizing a purchased diagnostic kit. For the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) within FHC cells, analysis by flow cytometry was conducted. Additionally, the technique of Western blotting was utilized to analyze the levels of ferroptosis-associated proteins. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was carried out to observe the histopathological alterations in the intestinal tissue samples from rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). ResultsReducing miR-155–5p improved the survival of FHC cells exposed to LPS, decreased cell apoptosis, inflammation, and ferroptosis, and mitigated intestinal damage in NEC rats. Furthermore, SLC7A11 was found to be a direct target of miR-155–5p. The inhibition of miR-155–5p decreased LPS-induced inflammation and ferroptosis in both FHC cells and NEC rats by promoting SLC7A11 expression. This effect was evidenced by increased levels of ferroptosis-related proteins FTH1 and GPX4, decreased COX-2 and ACSL4 levels, lower lipid peroxidation marker MDA, reduced antioxidant markers GSH, SOD, and CAT, fewer IL-6 and TNF-α, and suppression of the IκBα/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. ConclusionsIn conclusion, reducing miR-155–5p could improve intestinal damage in NEC by inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis. These findings may provide theoretical insights for the development of new therapies for NEC.

The Cytoprotective Effect of C60 Derivatives in the Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System against Triptolide-Induced Cytotoxicity In Vitro.

The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of a C60-modified self-microemulsifying drug delivery system loaded with triptolide (C60-SMEDDS/TP) and evaluate the cytoprotective effect of the C60-SMEDDS/TP on normal human cells. The C60-SMEDDS/TP exhibited rapid emulsification, an optimal particle size distribution of 50 ± 0.19 nm (PDI 0.211 ± 0.049), and a near-neutral zeta potential of -1.60 mV. The release kinetics of TP from the C60-SMEDDS/TP exhibited a sustained release profile and followed pseudo-first-order release kinetics. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis analysis indicated that the C60-SMEDDS/TP (with a mass ratio of TP: DSPE-PEG-C60 = 1:10) exhibited lower toxicity towards L02 and GES-1 cells. This was demonstrated by a higher IC50 (40.88 nM on L02 cells and 17.22 nM on GES-1 cells) compared to free TP (21.3 nM and 11.1 nM), and a lower apoptosis rate (20.8% on L02 cells and 26.3% on GES-1 cells, respectively) compared to free TP (50.5% and 47.0%) at a concentration of 50 nM. In comparison to the free TP group, L02 cells and GES-1 cells exposed to the C60-SMEDDS/TP exhibited a significant decrease in intracellular ROS and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM). On the other hand, the C60-SMEDDS/TP demonstrated a similar inhibitory effect on BEL-7402 cells (IC50 = 28.9 nM) and HepG2 cells (IC50 = 107.6 nM), comparable to that of the free TP (27.2 nM and 90.4 nM). The C60-SMEDDS/TP group also exhibited a similar intracellular level of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to the SMEDDS/TP and free TP groups. Fullerenol-Grafted Distearoyl Phosphatidylethanolamine-Polyethylene Glycol (DSPE-PEG-C60) was synthesized and applied in the self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. The C60-SMEDDS/TP was formulated using Cremophor EL, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), PEG-400, and DSPE-PEG-C60, and loaded with triptolide (TP). The toxicity and bioactivity of the C60-SMEDDS/TP were assessed using normal human liver cell lines (L02 cells), normal human gastric mucosal epithelial cell lines (GES-1 cells), and liver cancer cell lines (BEL-7402 cells and HepG2 cells). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after the C60-SMEDDS/TP treatment was assessed using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) staining. The alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) were assessed by measuring JC-1 fluorescence. The cytoprotection provided by the C60-SMEDDS/TP favored normal cells (L02 and GES-1) over tumor cells (BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells) in vitro. This suggests a promising approach for the safe and effective treatment of TP.

Genomic landscape of head and neck cancer in Asia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 1016 samples

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a diverse group of malignancies arising in the mucosal linings of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, influenced by factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study conducts a comprehensive meta-analysis of the mutational landscape of HNC across Asian cohorts, encompassing India, Korea, Japan, China, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia. The analysis highlights distinct genetic profiles influenced by environmental exposures, lifestyle habits, and genetic predispositions. Notably, the RAF family proteins, enriched in both Indian and Chinese cohorts, present potential therapeutic targets for RAF inhibitors like Vemurafenib. Additionaly, specific mutations like MET in Singaporean patients can be effectively addressed with drugs like Crizotinib, leading to rapid responses in HNSCC. Smokers exhibited high frequencies of CASP8 and FAT1 mutations. Novel driver genes, including RYR2 and ANK2, emerged with significant mutational frequencies in smokers. The RAS signaling pathway was identified as a prominent driver in HNC, contrasting with the globally prevalent PIK3CA/MTOR pathway. This study also underscores the high prevalence of HRAS mutations in Indian and Saudi cohorts. The study emphasizes the necessity for region-specific data to understand the unique molecular differences and develop effective therapies. The identification of NBEA and ANK2 as potential novel driver genes in HNC highlights new avenues for research and targeted therapeutic interventions tailored to the genetic profiles of Asian HNC patients.

Novel monastrol/melatonin hybrids as a new approach for colorectal cancer intervention: design, synthesis, biological activity, and drug-likeness modeling studies

Considering the important increase in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer, it is necessary to develop new strategies in the search for new alternatives against this disease. Hence, we designed and synthesized a new series of monastrol/melatonin hybrids and evaluated them in vitro and in silico to determine the potential of these new chemical entities on this type of cancer. To achieve this goal, the different compounds were evaluated in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells SW480, while establishing the selective potential of the hybrids through the nonmalignant human colon mucosal epithelial cell line (NCM460). According to the results, hybrids 6a, 6c, 6i, and 6j displayed the best response, with IC50 values in the range of 5.2 and 6.3 μM, inducing important changes depending on concentration and time. In addition, these compounds were extremely active in comparison to the single molecules, and they were slightly more selective than the reference drug (5 fluorouracil, 5-FU). Besides, an optimal pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile was also estimated for hybrids 6a, 6c, 6i, and 6j. Altogether, novel hybrids of monastrol-MLT, in particular, 6a (-H), 6c (3-OMe), 6i (3,4-OMe), and 6j (3,5-OMe) could be addressed as starting points for further pharmacological studies concerning to combat colorectal cancer.

Effectiveness of Turmeric Oral Rinse Versus Saline Oral Rinse on Oral Mucositis among Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

Background: Oral mucositis is the commonplace problem of mass cancers’ chemotherapy. It begins five-10 days after the initiation of chemotherapy and lasts 7-14 days. Chemotherapy precipitated oral mucositis reasons the mucosal lining of the oral to atrophy and break down, forming ulcers. The take a look at is to evaluate the effectiveness of turmeric oral rinse and saline oral rinse on patents with chemotherapy precipitated oral mucositis in determined on sanatorium.  Design: Casual research design was selected for the study; inclusion criteria were selected by non-probability sampling technique. Selection criteria: the inclusion criteria included Patients under chemo therapy with the age class above age class of 20-65 years and both the gender.  Methods: A study was conducted patients with oral mucositis among patients receiving chemotherapy. The assessment tools were used national cancer institute oral mucositis grading scale.  Results: From the findings of the have a look at, it can be concluded that the overall vicinity smart comparison among intervention class I and II imply percent score for pretest became 88%, revealing the difference of 59% in intervention class 47 % for numerical pain assessment scale. tremendously full-size variations had been discovered in experimental organization I. but, in treatment group II pretest rating become 25% while in submit-test it was sixty-one% revealing the difference of 36%. It depicts that the turmeric oral rinse was greater effective than saline oral rinse in lowering the extent of oral mucositis among affected person receiving chemo remedy. Paired t check score become 14.43 and 8.52 in intervention class I and II, when as compared to desk value (2.15) each are elevated. This suggests that there has been an effectiveness between submit test score of degree of oral mucositis among affected person receiving chemo therapy in intervention class I and II. paired and unpaired “t” check confirmed, there was a huge effectiveness of turmeric oral rinse is greater powerful than saline oral rinse on oral mucositis among patient receiving chemotherapy. Chi rectangular test confirmed handiest length of cancer (p>0.05) in both the class up and the boxcar variable haven't any good-sized association with the submit-check score of stage of oral mucositis in both intervention class I and II. Conclusion: The findings found out that imply publish check scores was 34.24±1.28 in intervention class I, in intervention class II publish- check rating changed into 24.07± 1.27 revealing the distinction of 36%. It depicts that the turmeric oral rinse became greater powerful than saline m oral outh rinse in lowering the extent of oral mucositis among patient taking chemotherapy.

Response signatures of intestinal microbiota and gene transcription of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) to Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Bacterial intestinal inflammation is a common disease of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in high-density aquaculture. Understanding the interactions between host and intestinal bacteria is helpful to intestinal inflammatory disease control. Here, we constructed a model of intestinal inflammation after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in yellow catfish, and characterized variations in gene expression and microbiome in the gut through high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, host gene-microbiome interactions were identified. Histology observation showed disordered distribution of columnar epithelial cells and decrease of goblet cells in intestine. A total of 4741 genes showed differentially expression, mostly in comparisons between 12 hpi group with each other groups respectively, including control, 24 hpi and 48 hpi groups. These genes were enriched in immune-related pathways including the IL-17 signaling pathway, triggering strong inflammatory response at the invading stage within 12 h. Subsequently, the host strengthened energy consumption by activating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism pathways to repair the intestinal mucosal immune defense line. In addition, fish with A. hydrophila infection show decreased richness of gut microbial, reduced relative abundance of probiotics including Akkermansia, and elevated pathogenic bacteria such as Plesimonas. An integrative analysis identified A. hydrophila-related genes, such as il22 and stat3, for which expression level is close associated with the shift of A. hydrophila-related bacteria relative abundance, such as Akkermansia and Cetobacterium. Aside from picturing the variations of intestine gene expression and mucosal microbiome of yellow catfish coping with A. hydrophila infection, our study probed the underlying host-microbe interactions in A. hydrophila infection induced intestinal inflammatory, providing new insights for disease control in aquaculture.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid of the oral cavity and Genitalia: A case report

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) encompasses a diverse array of chronic autoimmune conditions characterized by the development of blisters predominantly affecting mucous membranes in various regions of the body. Commonly impacted areas include the mouth, mucosal linings of the eyes, throat, genitalia, and nasal passages. While MMP typically manifests in older women, with peak incidence occurring between 50 and 70 years of age, rare instances have been observed in children. Symptoms of MMP often entail recurrent blister formation, subsequent rupture, and potential scarring, with complications possibly affecting the eyes and throat. This article presents a unique case involving a 70-year-old female presenting with lesions localized to the oral and vaginal mucosa. A comprehensive discussion on histopathological examination findings and treatment modalities is provided. Notably, the absence of ocular involvement in this case distinguishes it from typical presentations of MMP.

Prevalence of HPV16 L1 protein in oral biopsies: A diagnostic study from Ecuador

This study was designed to investigate the expression of HPV16 L1-protein in biopsies of oral mucosa samples. The expression of HPV16 L1 protein was investigated in biopsies taken from oral mucosa from patients who required pathological diagnosis of oral lesions. Seventy-two samples were incubated with anti-L1 protein monoclonal antibodies and protein detection was revealed with diaminobenzidine. Expression of L1 protein was performed by a pathologist blinded for tissue diagnosis under light microscopy. Most of the lesions of oral mucosa were present in lining mucosa (75 %) and the most frequent lesion were mucocele (n = 17, 23.6 %), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 6, 8.33 %), fibroma (n = 5, 6.9 %) and inflammatory hyperplasia (n = 5, 6.9 %). L1 protein expression was observed only in five (6.9 %) samples (two squamous cell carcinomas, two epithelial hyperplasia, and one gingival hyperplasia). We concluded that L1 expression in oral biopsies presented a low frequency in oral mucosal biopsies samples.

Synthesis, DFT, and in silico biological evaluation of chalcone bearing pyrazoline ring against Helicobacter pylori receptors

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition characterized by the erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosal lining. H. pylori adheres to gastric epithelial cells, secreting toxins and disrupting the stomach's defenses. H. pylori relies on various receptors to establish infection, making these molecules attractive therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop novel anti-ulcer compounds by combining benzothiazole, pyrazoline, and chalcone pharmacophores. A series of chalcone derivatives 4a-c were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and elemental analysis. The DFT calculations, using B3LYP method with 6-311G basis set, revealed the p-tolyl derivative 4b exhibited the highest thermal stability while the p-bromophenyl derivative 4c showed the lowest stability but highest chemical reactivity. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps as well as the dipole moments decreased in the order: 4b > 4a >4c, reflecting a similar reactivity trend. Molecular docking showed ligands 4a-c bound effectively to the H. pylori urease enzyme, with docking scores from −5.3862 to −5.7367 kcal/mol with superior affinity over lansoprazole. Key interactions involved hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic pi-hydrogen bonds with distances ranging 3.46–4.34 Å with active site residues ASN666, SER714 and ASN810. The combined anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and H. pylori anti-adhesion properties make these novel chalcones promising PUD therapeutic candidates.

FLAW DEFECTION ANALYSE OF THE SURFACE OF ACRYLIC BASE PLASTICS

This study examines the possibility of assessing the quality of removable orthopedic devices by measuring the smoothness of their surfaces and detecting microscopic defects. The methodology involves comparing standard samples of the base material with samples that have been intentionally defective, using defectoscopy techniques for analysis. Initially, twenty samples of basic acrylic plastic were selected: half of them were perfectly machined to dental standards and the other half were intentionally scratched with sandpaper. These samples were then examined by macrophotography and analyzed using Image J software for quantitative image measurement. This analysis provided numerical data on the polished surface's quality, focusing on metrics such as the total number of defects, and the average size and perimeter of these defects. Statistical evaluation through the JUSP program compared the two sets of samples, highlighting significant differences between them. From the most prominent data points provided by Image J, conclusions were made regarding the surface quality of the acrylic plastic and how it is affected by specific mechanical imperfections. This method of using optical flaw detection offers a new way to clinically evaluate the quality of detachable orthopedic devices (like base plastic) in terms of their susceptibility to bacterial buildup, which could lead to inflammation in the prosthetic bed's mucosal lining. The use of flaw detection analysis allows for a general assessment of the quality of the material surface polishing, detection of surface defects in its structure that may occur during the production stage or during operation, thereby preventing areas of biofilm accumulation. Light-optical flaw detection in the experiment proved its effectiveness and makes us pay attention to the prospects of its improvement and wider implementation in clinical practice.