Linguocultural Type Research Articles

Semantic potential of L. Andreev’s story “Kusaka”

INTRODUCTION. The research will be useful not only to linguists and literary scholars, but also to literature teachers, since the works of L. Andreev are included in the school curriculum. The purpose of the work is to identify the semantic potential of L. Andreev’s story “Kusaka”. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study L. Andreev’s literary texts for modern philological science from the point of view of identifying the ability of units of different levels that are interconnected to act as markers of the mythical-poetic code.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The material of this work is the text of L. Andreev’s story “Kusaka”, which is a system of multi-level units, the analysis of which contributes to a deeper penetration into the author’s artistic intention. The work uses both general scientific and special linguistic methods: the method of linguistic observation and description, etymological, word-formation, onomastic, contextual, stylistic and linguocultural types of analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It is shown that the literary text of L. Andreev is characterized by the interrelation of units of different levels, revealing the mythopoetic basis of the story, represented by the oppositions friend–foe, ligh–darkness, sound–silence. The dominant elements of the story are the lexemes house, yard, garden, sun, darkness. The diminutives used by the author when describing the girl and the dog create the image of a toy that is interesting and desirable in the present, but may be abandoned in the future due to loss of interest in it. Proper names (zoonyms Zhuchka, Kusaka, Kusachka and anthroponyms Lelya, Ilyusha, Dogaevs) and their absence have a special meaning.CONCLUSION. As in most of L. Andreev’s works, the story “Kusaka”, demonstrating the struggle of light with darkness, presents the path of gaining (Kusaka) and losing the soul (Lyolya and other people who for some reason are called kind). All this happens against the background of natural cyclicality – winter– spring–summer–autumn–... correlate with the natural processes of birth-development-old agedeath. Coming after the departure of the people who abandoned Kusaka, who again turned into just a nameless dog, the hopeless dark night becomes a symbol of lost hope, lost happiness.

Methodological approaches to the development of linguistic personality: structure, formation ways, social and cultural components

Relevance. The motivation to learn a language and form a new linguistic identity is more relevant than ever since languages, more and less spread, are the means of communication in the modern globalised world. Purpose. The aim of the article was to outline the model of its formation, with the steps to achieve it, which include considering the structure of the phenomenon, recognising the ways of language identity formation, determining the approaches to its formation, and also to single out the important components. Methodology. The study used the basic methods of knowledge: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and general scientific methods: generalisation, abstraction, classification, modelling, structural method, and method of analytic and synthetic processing of information. Results. The notion of linguistic personality has been defined, and approaches to describing its structure have been studied. It is pointed out that the development of linguistic personality is based on the specific structure of the concept of learning and the cultural potential inherent in it. An algorithm for the formation of a certain linguocultural type of linguistic personality is outlined, which supposes the allocation of conceptual, image-perceptual, and value aspects, and the presence of an important sociocultural component. It is highlighted that the basic element of the mentioned element is filled with ethnically specific components, defined as “the cultural potential of a linguistic personality”. It's also emphasised, that the theory of evolution of Kazakh linguistic personality needs to fill in its structural system characteristics, constructed on the basis of the results of the study of Kazakh linguistics. Conclusions. The valuable content in ethnolinguistics, ethnopedagogy, history, culturology, etc., that preserves and enriches the Kazakh culture, is established, from where the material should be derived. The article is of interest to linguists, who study linguistic personality, culturologists, educators, and sociologists.

The linguistic and cultural type of the kazakhstani student through the prism of narrative

The article presents the analysis of narrative texts, which represent the linguocultural type kazakhstani student. The interest to this research stems from the necessity of developing the algorithm for narrative analysis from the linguocultural point of view, as well as the reason-ability of addressing such a social group as the student which is so important for researchers in different linguocultural communities It is proved that through the narrative dimension a rather rich set of figurative characteristics of a student can be revealed, since in the sequence of events a student’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour is realised, his/her speech portrait is formed, the environment under the influence of which a student is, the student’s appearance is drawn, which becomes recognisable and typical. The authors tried to identify the goals, motives, attitudes, interests and intensities, which, acting as the most significant, are actualized in the minds of students in modern Kazakhstan, through the narrative picture of the student’s world. The research corpus was textual fragments from publicist texts of Kazakhstani media, containing events of students’ life, as well as essays and texts of students from the Internet. The applied narrative analysis allowed the authors to identify situational motives and attitudes of linguocultural type student, implemented in the narrative text, thanks to which some common and distinctive features of the representatives of modern Kazakh youth are highlighted. In the conclusion it is shown that the study of linguistic personality in the narratological aspect opens up new possibilities for modelling generalized personality.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ТИПАЖ «КИТАЙСКИЙ КУПЕЦ»

The article is devoted to the study of the Chinese merchant linguocultural type in Chinese linguoculture. The merchant type is represented by its conceptual characteristics (a person engaged in trading activities for the purpose of obtaining benefits) and by value characteristics. The figurative characteristics of the Chinese merchant linguistic and cultural type affect the following parameters: appearance; origin of the estate and social status; dwelling; behavior; leisure and speech characteristics of a Chinese merchant. Throughout the history of China, the social status of merchants has been subject to strong changes. In ancient society, the social status of merchants changed from the highest to the lowest, and for a very long time it remained the lowest, and then gradually the status of merchants increased, until now they have become a respected class in society. It can be said that many of the business principles of merchants of ancient China are used to this day.

Verbalisation of impoliteness in comments of German politicians in Instagram news posts

This article focuses on the description of impoliteness in computer-mediated communication. The purpose of the study is to identify markers of verbal aggression a way of expressing impoliteness and to analyse the ways in which they are implemented. The material for this study was German-language comments under the Instagram posts of the largest German parties and German politicians who participated in the German Federal Chancellor elections (2021). As the main methods of research were used linguopragmatic and linguocultural types of analysis. In addition, this paper includes a continuous sampling of comments that contain signs of implicit and/or explicit verbal aggression. Then was done a contextual analysis of the selected comments. The analysis revealed that implicit and explicit types of verbal aggression are equally common in the comments under political figures' Instagram posts, and that both types of verbal aggression can be used simultaneously by the authors in the same comment. The most frequent lexical and grammatical means of implementation of verbal aggression were also distinguished. The conclusions drawn during the research can be used in further studies that focus on the peculiarities of realisation of verbal aggression in computer communication as well as in those that focus on speech culture in a computer-mediated communication.

Реализация лингвокультурного типажа «врач-хирург» в русском языковом сознании (на материале интернет-комментариев)

The study is aimed at determining the features of the linguocultural type “physician-surgeon” in the Russian linguistic consciousness, using the material of Internet comments. The paper identified the main dictums of comments (gratitude and wishes), as well as the specific characteristics of the type “physician-surgeon”, including the idea of a “miracle”, asceticism and heroism. Scientific novelty of the study lies in considering the linguocultural type “physician-surgeon” as an independent concept, formed and fixed in the national linguistic worldview. As a result, it has been proved that the type “physician-surgeon” represents a separate group, which is opposed to other medical specialists. Internet comments realise the idea of a surgeon being a specialist possessing a divine gift, an ascetic, a professional and a heroic figure.

Амбивалентная оценочность русской лексики: лексема «интеллигент» на фоне китайского языка

The aim of the study is to identify the foundation of ambivalent evaluativity of the lexeme «интеллигент» (“a member of Russian intelligentsia”) in the Russian language against the background of the Chinese language. A targeted analysis of various approaches to lexicographic interpretation of the evaluative content of the specified lexeme in dictionaries of various types made it possible to identify stable fixation of evaluative ambivalence of the lexeme in the Russian lexicographic tradition. The involvement of findings of free-association experiments in the analysis and their comparison with the Chinese language account for scientific novelty of the study. The results of the study allowed the researchers to draw conclusions about the asymmetry of the semantic volume, associative potential and evaluative content of the corresponding lexemes in the Russian and Chinese languages, which can be attributed to the national distinctness of the corresponding linguocultural types.

Comparitive consideration of linguocultural types “father”: “pastor” in Russian and American linguocultures

Problem of linguocultural types has been one of the important current directions of research. The article deals with the linguocultural types “father” (in Russian linguoculture) and “pastor” (in American linguoculture), their comparative consideration is conducted. Comparative consideration of linguo-cultural types “father” and “pastor” seems to be important for linguoculturology, linguoconcepology and general theory of discourse because it allows to add to the general theory of linguocultural types information about nationally specific types in Russian and American linguocultures. The relevance of the study can be explained, firstly, by the significance of the linguo-cultural types “father” and “pastor” for creation of a comprehensive picture of religious discourse, secondly, linguocultural types “father” and “pastor” are important not only in the sphere of a particular social institution – religious discourse – but have important place in national Russian and American linguocultures in general. It seems important to conduct comparative consideration of linguocultural types close in content and significance in different linguocultures in order to define their general characteristics and differences and, as a result to improve process of intercultural communication of the representatives of different linguocultures. The general notion for the linguocultural types under consideration is the notion “clergyman” which has general characteristics of the linguotypes considered. Comparative consideration of linguocultural types “father” and “pastor” was conducted according to such characteristics as appearance, age, gender, occupation, family, values. Study showed that linguocultural type is greatly influenced by national specifics of linguocultural type. The material was provided by samples of sermons, as well as guides to worship in Russian and English. To conduct the study methods of semantic, contextual, comparative analysis were used.

ON ANIMALISM AND ANTHROPOMORPHISM IN FICTION

The article is dedicated to the studies of animalistic narrative as one of major directions of non-standard narratives, origin, development, anthropomorphic aspect and connection with cognitive zoology. Animalistic discourse is a unique phenomenon as it is found in all styles, in all genres, in oral (folklore) and written forms, and in the latter it has been represented for two thousand years. In various forms, it is designed for an audience of children and adults, professionally trained (scientific) and general. Presented in professional genres, animal discourse has developed widely over the past half century - from anthropological zoology to the cognitive psychology of animals. Presented in fictional speech, given anthropocentricity, it communicates information about animals, having as main and final goal the characteristic of a person living with an animal. Anthropomorphism - a (practically) indispensable characteristic of all animalistic works - is considered as one of the forms of animalism, extremely characteristic of early researchers of animal behavior and widely used in artistic creation. Even in professional circles, a similar delusion still exists, although the development of zoopsychology, cognitive psychology of animals in recent years has provided convincing evidence of the functioning of previously unknown manifestations of mental activity in animals. The animal, of course, cognizes the world and it must have own “picture of the world”. However, the cognitive mechanisms in humans and animals are different: if for a person the main tool of cognition is the word (in connection with which we are talking about the linguistic picture of the world), then the animal, deprived of this main cognitive tool, is sharply limited in the possibilities of constructing its picture of the world. Considering a number of characters in animalistic narratives as linguocultural types confirms the absolute anthropocentricity of any literary text, no matter who narrator and / or focalizer is.

Лингвокультурный типаж “lady/леди” (на материале произведения Д. Остин “Pride and Prejudice”)

The article examines the content of the notion “linguocultural type” and methods for its modeling. The study aims to ascertain notional, figurative and value features of the “lady” type basing on J. Austen’s novel “Pride and Prejudice”. The research is novel in that it is the first to use this work of classical English literature as a source for studying the type. It was found that the modeled “lady” type is in fact important to the British linguoculture since its notional, figurative and value aspects are reflected in J. Austen’s piece of work.

Features of Linguistic and Cultural Type “Bureaucrat”: Compatibility of Adjective <i>bureaucratic</i>

The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural type “Russian bureaucrat”. The compatibility of the adjective bureaucratic is investigated according to the texts of the XIX - XXI centuries included in the National corpus of the Russian language. The novelty of the study is that to describe the character traits of the linguocultural type “Russian bureaucrat”, the authors refer to the compatibility of an adjective derived from the character type. It is noted that the connotative component in the meaning of the adjective determines an almost exclusively negative interpretation of the image: the pejorative component of the value determines the compatibility of the studied adjective with the designations of negative qualities. The authors dwell on the ideas that have developed in the Russian linguistic consciousness about the character of the Russian bureaucrat, and trace their transformations over two centuries. The analysis of the compatibility of the adjective showed that the linguistic and cultural character “Russian bureaucrat” is characterized by indifference, ignorance, cowardice, arrogance, insincerity. The authors of the article conclude that in the Russian language picture of the world indifference and cowardice are attributed to bureaucrats of different periods of Russian history, while ostentatious arrogance is noted mainly in the descriptions of officials of the past, and markers of ignorance and insincerity are more frequent in the characteristics of modern officials.

Student as a Personality: Dynamics of Associative Criteria

This paper is devoted to the study of a student’s linguistic personality from the standpoint of the theory of linguistic-cultural types. The relevance of the study is due to the actively developing anthropological linguistics field of the theory of linguocultural type, within the framework of which generalized recognizable personalities as representatives of a certain linguistic culture are considered. The object under study is the conceptual characteristics and the resulting reactions to the stimulus word “student”. The purpose of this work is to linguistically represent a student as a person, to describe the notional component of the typified personality concept based on associative attributes. The paper proposes to expand the conceptual space of a character type by means of the associations obtained and to consider the character type of “student” as a person who is beyond the bounds of a cliche. The character type of student is a vivid representative of the sociocultural group, embodying the educational values of society. According to our observations, the description of the linguocultural character type of student through the eyes of students themselves gives a more detailed representation of the substantive component of the concept. The study is based on the associative and semantic field “student” which includes linguistic units reflecting the lexical-semantic space of student life; associated with the mental, emotional, physical, material, intellectual condition of a student; denoting character traits representing specific concepts / specific objects of the material world (educational supplies, a kind of instant food, etc.), etc.

FEATURES AND LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF THE LINGUOCULTURAL TYPE «MODERN AMERICAN WOMAN»

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the American as a new realia in the conceptual sphere of modern Ukrainian society. This is actively formed in the linguistic world image of all nations with the help of the media; therefore, the study of the characteristics of its creation and the stereotypes underlying this process is an important task for linguists.The authors analyze the phenomenon of linguocultural type and look at the approaches to it’s definition, the classification of types and lay emphasis at the modelling of types. On the basis of the algorithm of modelling introduced by O. Dmitrieva, the authors analyze the perceptual-imaginative and value characteristics of the “modern American woman”, which are formed in the perception of Ukrainians. As the mass media is one of the most powerful means of forming our conceptual reality, the research is made with the help of the investigation of modern American media materials as well as the opinion poll of the Ukrainians. The results show that the perceptive-imaginative and value characteristics of the linguistic-cultural concept of American are quite similar in both respondents' answers and media materials, but they also have some slight differences. The results have been proven with the help of the corpus analysis based on the Corpus of American Soap Operas. Summarizing the of modern American, we can say that she is a very attractive middle-aged woman who wants to succeed in her career and hobbies, and in her personal life. She is an independent strong woman who knows what she wants and is ready to achieve it. Her career and self-realization is often more important than other spheres of her life.

ТИПАЖ ДЕВУШКИ-ОХОТНИЦЫ В ГЛАМУРНО-ГЛЯНЦЕВЫХ ТЕКСТАХ

The article discusses the linguocultural type of girl-huntress characteristic of the glamorous-glossy prose of the current time. Three texts from the series of novels by Yulia Shilova serve as material for the study. The “huntress” Natalia develops strategies and tactics supported by speech stereotypes leading to the achievement of the set goal: to become the wife of a rich and successful man. In the course of the stylistic and linguo-axiological analysis of the texts, the author accomplishes the objective connected with the identification of the type-forming characteristics of girl-huntress. Brand style of thinking, which is formed by the culture of glamour and gloss, careerism, greed, cynicism, painful egocentrism, lack of principle, obsession - all this allows interpreting the type of huntress as a “diagnosis”.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ТИПАЖИ БОЛТУНА И МОЛЧУНА ПО ДАННЫМ РУССКОЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ И АФОРИСТИКИ

The article is devoted to the description of the linguocultural types of a talker and a taciturn person. The objective of the study is to identify axiologically significant mentally specific ideas about types of antipodes according to the Russian idioms and aphorisms. In the process of analysing the key lexical nominations, direct and implicit axiological judgments and attitudes as to conventional constants of cooperative interpersonal communication, the author ascertains notional and value features fixed in the Russian linguistic worldview and simulating the recognizable types of a talker and a taciturn person.

Linguocultural type «Head of the Company» in the corporate discourse of Russia, Spain, and the United States

Linguocultural type «Head of the Company» in the corporate discourse of Russia, Spain, and the United States

КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЙ ПАСПОРТ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОГО ТИПАЖА «АСТРАХАНСКИЙ НОСИТЕЛЬ НОГАЙСКОГО И РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ МОЛОДОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ»

The article is written in the framework of linguistic communication science and linguistic personology. Among the peculiarities of communicative behaviour, native bilinguals’ communicative behaviour stands out, which can reflect the language situation in certain spatial and time boundaries. It is proposed to present native bilinguals as an ethnolinguistic linguocultural type, the main characteristics of which are communicative behaviour and attitude to the national language, as well as ethnic identity. The need to study these types of characters is conditioned by their evolving characteristics.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ЯЗЫКОВ АВТОХТОННЫХ НАРОДОВ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article presents some results of the author’s study of the language situation through the lenses of the description of native bilinguals’ communicative behaviour. The representation of native bilinguals is based on the theory of linguocultural types. The ethno-language type “native bilingual” embodies the features characteristic of an ethnic group; it is its reference basis. The need to study such types is conditioned by their evolving characteristics. Basing on factual material, the paper ascertains the nature of the existence of a particular type of bilingualism.

ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОГО ТИПАЖА «НАТИВНЫЙ БИЛИНГВ»: ДЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

Theory of linguocultural types, shaped in Volgograd research school, today is successfully developing: there is a great variety of reports related to this problem. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in emphasizing ethno-linguistic type “native bilingual” and in identifying its value characteristics. Among lingvocultural types, this type takes a special place because it is characterized by linguistic uniqueness (ethnic belonging and natural bilingualism). The following official documents served as the material for research: the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights; the Constitution of the Russian Federation, etc.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ТИПАЖ «БЛОГЕР»

This article is an attempt to study the linguo-cultural type “blogger”. The objective of the research is to determine the main characteristics of this type in the Russian and American linguistic consciousness. In the course of the work the author refers to the dictionary definitions and etymology of the lexemes “блогер” / “blogger”, and also analyzes the results of the survey of the American and Russian respondents. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the main characteristics of this type in both the American and the Russian linguistic consciousness are: enthusiasm, creativity, aesthetic approach to the design of his/her account, knowledge of specific terms and jargon of both the blogosphere and the topic under discussion, the desire and ability to awake interest and to present the necessary material in an exciting and unusual way.