Linguistic Signs Research Articles

The vowel space as sociolinguistic sign

AbstractThis paper examines variation in vowel space area and its use in social meaning making. Among adolescents at a California high school, patterns of difference in vowel space correlate to social practices of exclusion in the partying scene, albeit alongside explicit discourses of high school social life as inclusive and fluid. I treat vowel space as a sociolinguistic sign, that is, a holistic semiotic resource at play in addition to (or in tandem with) individual segments. Though the semiotic potential of a given linguistic sign is no doubt shaped by large‐scale patterns of variation, the particular manifestations of meaning making are best viewed at the community level alongside other day‐to‐day practices. Further, I suggest that linguistic practices of difference and discourses of sameness are not contradictory, but instead a feature of the semiotic landscape. I thus interpret this vowel space variation as stylistically meaningful within the context of social actors’ ideological orientation to social life.

Slavic-Turkic Comparisons in the Diachronic Aspect

The article is devoted to a comparative study of the concept man in the linguistic consciousness of the Eastern Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians) and representatives of the Turkic culture (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz) in a diachronic aspect. The globalization processes of the beginning of the 21st century mark the era of “civilizational breakdown” which is characterized by a change in the usual foundations of life and by obvious transformations of society. Thus, it seems relevant and prognostically valuable to reveal the content of the conceptosphere man in the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic groups under consideration in different periods of their life. The aim of the study is to determine the vector of displacement (or stability) of the axiological component in the choice of assessments and worldview ideas about a man among the informants of different generations. As research material, there were used associative dictionaries compiled on the basis of associative experiments conducted in different periods (Soviet and modern). The associative lexicographic material is recognized as one of the most reliable ways to access a person’s linguistic consciousness, the latter being understood by us as knowledge about the world “externalized” by linguistic signs, and its projections in the mental apparatus of a person, i.e., images of consciousness. This associative method of language consciousness research makes it possible to explain the facts of functioning and transformation of consciousness revealed in psycholinguistic experiments through the connection of these facts with ethnocultural peculiarities of ideas about the world of people as members of certain ethnosocial groups, with their general / universal (basic), and ethnospecific (local) cultural values. The comparative analysis undertaken in the research showed that the process of global civilizational shifts brings afore the interest and desire of the ethnocultural community to search for traditional ethnocultural values that (along with basic universal human values) can unite and strengthen the vitality of the ethnos. The work is being carried out with the prospect of further studies of the linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups, of determining the elements of (in)stability, and identifying conflict zones in the linguistic and conceptual picture of the world of Slavic and Turkic ethnic groups.

The semiotics of motion encoding in Early English: a cognitive semiotic analysis of phrasal verbs in Old and Middle English

AbstractThis paper offers a renewed construction grammar analysis of linguistic constructions in a diachronic perspective. The present theory, termedAgentive Cognitive Construction Grammar(AgCCxG), is informed byactive inference(AIF), a process theory for the comprehension of intelligent agency. AgCCxG defends the idea that language bear traces of non-linguistic, bodily-acquired information that reflects sémiotico-biological processes of energy exchange and conservation. One of the major claims of the paper is that embodied cognition has evolved to facilitate ontogenic mental alignment among humans. This is demonstrated by the results of a corpus study in which the patterns of association between verbs, the particle UP and argument structure in Old and Middle English have been studied. The conclusion is that, similar to biological systems, the linguistic sign system displays patterns of equilibrium and non-equilibrium. In other words, while in Old English usage near equilibrium was reached through the use of a conservative set of constructional semiotic templates (attachment patterns), associated with motor modalities, Middle English displays high rates of randomness resulting in a less stable, yet distinct, system of constructional attachment.

Семиотическая экспликация моделей идеологически альтернативных социумов в антиутопии Е.И. Замятина «Мы»

Based on the material of value judgments contained in the narrator D-503’s diary entries, the publication carries out the semiotic reconstruction of models of ideologically incompatible societies, traces the possibilities of transition from one model to another model as a way of developing humanity in the author’s imaginary reality. As the research methodology, A.J. Greimas’s concepts of the actanial scheme and the semiotic square are used, which recognize the importance of the dichotomy of polar linguistic signs in the process of interpreting their semantics. The author analyzes the relations of contrarity established between the models of impeccable and imperfect (ancient and oppositional) societies based on the extraction of deep meanings from the surface narrative structure. It is established that each of these models, functioning as the semiotic construct, is filled with specific semantics against the background of the opposition of another model. The concept of an actanial scheme turns out to be relevant when identifying the specifics of the narrator’s assessment of social structure models. The antonymic content of these schemes is analyzed based on the Benefactor and ancient ancestors’ position. The holders of these positions change the actanial roles of the subject and the antisubject. A multiple interpretation of the semiotic square of the Benefactor’s impeccable society is given as a formed community of people against the background of the opposition of the model of a formless society, assuming both a positive and negative perspective of development. Accordingly, these models are investigated in terms of positive and negative deixis, as well as implicative and suppositional relations. Relevant / irrelevant strategies of transition from one model to another model are traced, which can be either straight-line or assume an intermediate stage. The concept of the semiotic square underlies the analysis of the development of models of societies on the dystopian narrative historical axis. The ideas of models reflecting the immediate period of the narrative and potential future events, as well as the imagined past, are systematized. It is concluded that the models of society related to the current moment of the narrative are in a state of formation, however, they have formed ideological attitudes, which increases the antagonism between them.

Analisis Semiotika Puisi “Hatiku Selembar Daun” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono

Poetry is one type of literary work that has the deepest literary statement. The words that are raised contain deep understanding and are full of symbols. Reading poetry is a pleasure of literary art because the reader is brought along into the statements that a poet pours out through the lines of his poem. In the Big Dictionary Indonesian it is stated that poetry is a variety of literature whose language is bound by rhythm, matra, rhyme, and the arrangement of arrays and couplets.1Rahmat Djoko Pradopo gives the definition of poetry as a bound essay. The limitations of the poem are based on the attachment to (1) Many lines in each stanza, (2) Many words in each line, (3) Many syllables in each line, (4) Rhyme, and (5) Rhythm. Researchers are interested in conducting research on analyzing a poem by Sapardi Djoko Damono entitled "Hatiku Selembar Daun" by applying it through a semiotic approach. Semiotics is an analytical method used to explore the meaning contained in a sign. According to Susanne Langer "judging symbols or signs is important, animal life is mediated through feelings, but human feelings are mediated by concepts, symbols, and language." Semiotics is the study of how to give meaning to a sign. Semiotics can also be interpreted as the concept of teaching humans to interpret the signs that exist on a particular object. After going through the process of discussing the poem and paying attention semiotically, you will know about the meaning and linguistic signs contained in the poem Hatiku Selembar Daun so that it is conveyed to the reader.

Epistemological problem of language in linguistic philosophy

    The question of the relationship between language and the reality of the world is a very relevant subject of research; Along with other interesting functions, the epistemological function of language is of interest, the research of which is the competence of philosophy. The theory of cognition must clarify the role of language in the process of knowing reality. Human reflection on the epistemological function of language originates from myth. Ancient philosophers (Plato, Aristotle) considered the interpretation of the nature of things to be the main purpose of language; In the later period, specifically in the new philosophy, all cognition came down to the analysis of representations and the clarification of the relationship between them, which was followed by a kind of rejection of language and existence. The issue of linguistic signs research was also relevant for the philosophers of later eras. Attention was focused on the functional property of the sign, which is based on the purpose of carrying information about something. When understanding the epistemological significance of language, it is necessary to take into account the fact that language not only participates in the cognitive process but also actively influences human thoughts and actions. In particular, language can determine thought, and this is done by the particular language that a person speaks. There is an opinion that a person's worldview and lifestyle are linguistically determined, even his subconscious actions are included in the sphere of influence of language.

Mythbusters united? A dialogue over Harris's integrationist linguistics and Gibson's Ecological Psychology

In this paper an integrationist linguist (Peter E Jones) and an Ecological Psychologist (Catherine Read) open a dialogue on the possibility of a productive relationship between the integrationist approach to language and communication of Roy Harris and James Gibson's Ecological Psychology of perceiving/acting/knowing. Within their own disciplinary contexts, each position is one of profound critique and innovation in relation to established and pervasive ‘myths’. Specifically, Harris is concerned with the ‘language myth’—the explicit positions and implicit assumptions in the Western language tradition (including modern linguistics) about the nature of language and the relationship between language and communication. In sharp contrast to mainstream approaches, Harris rejects both coding and representational views of meaning and takes signs (including linguistic signs) to be the product, rather than the precondition, of communicational activity. Similarly, Gibson critiques assumptions about how perception takes place, especially in the case of vision, that have informed Western science at least since Descartes' Optics. In particular, Gibson rejects the passive ‘retinal image fallacy’ of seeing in favour of an activity based non-representational perspective of ‘direct perception’. The paper offers a critical dialogue over the key theoretical perspectives of both traditions, focusing particularly on the import and implications of each theorist's claims and assumptions about the other's field. Highlighting key areas of apparent common ground across the two approaches, we also argue that Gibson appears not to be entirely free of assumptions about language that belong to Harris's ‘language myth’, while Harris appears at times to assume the ‘image’ based model of perception that Gibson rejected. In the context of current interest in a possible reconciliation or combination of integrational linguistics and Ecological Psychology, the paper, therefore, raises fundamental questions around the extent to which these independently developed programmes of demythologization are compatible or possibly synergistic.

Angry lions and scared neighbors: Complex demonstrations in sign language role shift at the sign-gesture interface

Abstract Sign languages make use of the full expressive power of the visual-gestural modality to report the utterances and/or actions of another person. A signer can shift into the perspective of one or more persons and reproduce the utterances or actions from the perspective of these persons. This modality-specific device of utterance and action report is called role shift or constructed action. Especially in sign language narration, role shift is a productive and expressive means that can be used to demonstrate linguistic and non-linguistic actions. Recent developments in sign language linguistics put forth new formal semantic analyses of role shift at the interface between sign language and gesture, integrating insights from classical cognitive and formal analyses of quotation, demonstration and perspective/context shift in spoken and sign languages. In this article, I build on recent accounts of role shift as a modality-specific device of demonstration and show that a modified version of this theory even accounts for cases of complex demonstrations including hybrid demonstrations, multiple demonstrations and demonstrations involving a complex interaction of gestural and linguistic components.

Языковая номинация и проблема ее ономасиологического исследования

The problem of language nomination in modern science does not cease to arouse great interest, since it is associated with such important processes of human activity as cognition and communication. Naming objects, phenomena and properties of the surrounding world both in the form of lexical units and in speech structures, actualizing the informative and semantic side of the object, is extremely important for cognitive science, cultural linguistics, ontology, semasiology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, etc. The study of nomination as a process of naming objects of the world around us and its results involves clarifying the following issues: the choice of naming units, their relationship in the language system, determination of criteria by which these units can be attributed to naming units, as well as semantic and functional features of various types of nomination. The study of secondary nomination as a process and result of linguistic, speech and mental, and cultural activity in denoting objects of the real world through linguistic means becomes especially relevant. The onomasiological approach to the study of language units and the inductive analysis of their research today allows us to describe these units not only in the language system, but also at the level of speech and discourse. The scientific paradigm shift determines the relevance and new ways of studying this linguistic phenomenon, which is explained by its exceptional complexity, the essence of which lies in the search for a language expression, varying from simple to global. Considering the essence of nomination as well as its types and features is important for further determination of the specifics of linguistic signs, since the formation and selection of new names and fixation of the most appropriate naming units in the language is a never-ending process, permeating all spheres of human communication.

Sensory modality as a linguistic sign of the ‘divided self’ in John Banville’s novels

As one of the master stylists of our time, John Banville has honed his own unique style of writing. The typical Banville novel is a first-person confessional narrative of an aging male character troubled by his painful memories of failure and loss. In a struggle to cope with their traumatic life experiences, Banville’s protagonists attempt to find answers to haunting existential questions and rediscover their identities in the face of emotional fragmentation. This sense of dislocation and displacement thus emerges as a major theme of Banville’s fiction and his works generally revolve around the internal conflicts of a ‘divided self’. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the language of the novels reflects the inner split of the characters and what linguistic mechanisms Banville exploits to create the ‘divided self’ effect. This article examines a particular linguistic structure used as a pervasive narrative feature: sensory modality. I will more specifically explore sensory modality patterns with co-referential subject and object pronouns (referred here as ‘special effects’) analyzing them in the light of Systemic Functional Grammar as mental transitivity processes and will demonstrate how they constitute a powerful stylistic tool for constructing the image of the divided personality and for conveying self-disunity in retrospective novels.

THE PROCESS OF PHRASEOLOGICALIZATION AND ASYMMETRIC DUALISM

The article deals with the linguistic sign, its structure, the relationship of form and meaning, a general meaning of a phraseological unit, a meaning of the constituent of a phraseological unit, the process of phraseologicalization, asymmetric dualism between the meaning of a phraseological units and the meanings of its components.

Categories of things and words in the works of M. P. Shishkin (based on the material of the novels "The Taking of Ishmael" and "Venus' Hair")

The author puts forward the position that the nature of M. P. Shishkin's creativity is determined by the interaction of two trends: the preservation of a perceptually perceived thing in a word (the word in this case becomes an instrument for fixing a visible image of the world) and the use of a linguistic sign referring to a thing to create verbal and artistic constructions with immanent aesthetic significance. The writer's worldview position assumes that the ethical task of art (in the light of the research topic - the task of preserving the experience of perceiving the world) stand́t above the aesthetic (i.e. the task of creating an expressive art form). The author of the article proves that the poetics of Shishkin's novels is largely characterized by an "attitude to expression" (according to R. O. Jacobson), in which artistic discourse cannot be limited to the task of preserving a thing in a word. The analysis of the means of expressiveness and rhetorical techniques of the novels "The Taking of Ishmael" and "Venus's Hair" confirms the author's idea that the speech of Shishkin's heroes, fixing the results of perceptual interaction with the surrounding world, often turns into poetic speech, the "content" of which becomes the art form itself. Shishkin's creativity, therefore, exists only at the intersection of the two trends mentioned above. The removal of the "thing - word" opposition (with the value predominance of the former) is possible only in the context of a conversation about the novel "The Letter Writer", which the author of the article considers as an artistic text created entirely in accordance with the task of preserving the individual experience of living.

The Significance of the Uncharacteristic Sign in Article 466 of the Civil Code and Transferee Articles in the Mecelle

This study addresses the term of the linguistic sign in Article (466) of the Jordan Civil Code, and the articles of its explanatory memorandums representing the known sale in the Mecelle. The study discusses the significance of this sign by comparing Articles (200), (201), and (202). The purpose of the comparison is to reveal the uncharacteristic sign, which is a legal linguistic and doctrinal sign referring to what is proven through linguistic paraphrasing - where a word is used instead of another word, and both are referring to the same thing. This usage of words focuses intentionally on using a less common word in the place of a prevalent word, due to the multiplicity of the terms of one word, in order to reach a prima facie statement holding a much clearer second explanation than the first one, including the understandable aspects of the statement's meaning.

Thesaurus modelling of English mythological terminology (semantic field for the term «God»)

It is found that in the mythological discourse of English-speaking countries there are many concepts that are represented in the minds of people who study English as a fuzzy set of isolated concepts. This leads to difficulties that hinder the understanding and correct use of mythological terminology. The purpose of the study is to systematize the English-language mythological discourse and its terms using the thesaurus approach, which involves the construction of semantic fields and the identification of the information-semiotic nature of the studied terminology. To identify the meaning of the terms under study, we chose a semiotic approach, since in it each linguistic sign is considered as a sign consisting of the signified or content side of the linguistic sign and the signifier (otherwise called the MY? expression). It is in the signified of the linguistic sign that the meaning components are laid, which allow revealing the semantic nature of the term. Thus, it is the information-semiotic nature of the terminology Greek mythology that acts as the subject of research. In the course of the study, the semantic field god was constructed with two schemes of semantic relations; a dictionary entry was written for each term of this field. The study showed that the identification of the information-semiotic nature of English mythological terminology contributed not only to the differentiation of nuances in the meaning of mythological terms due to the creation of new dictionary entries, but also helped to clearly illustrate the connection of terms within the field by constructing schemes intended for the title term God. The results obtained can be used in the process of professional training of linguists, as well as for the development of lecture courses and for conducting seminars on foreign literature

ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PADA PUISI “IBUNDA” KARYA WS. RENDRA

Poetry is a literary work that contains the expression of the author's heart. Made using beautiful language, it contains meaning, rhythm, rhyme, dimensions and stanzas. Poetry has two main building structures, namely the inner structure and the physical structure. The poem contains several signs, both meanings that must be interpreted directly by the reader, as well as linguistic signs that do not require redefinition. The field that studies and examines signs, symbols and signs is called semiotics. Semiotics is a science or analytical method that studies signs in language or literary works, both linguistic and non-linguistic, with the aim of understanding the meaning to be conveyed by the author as a whole. Language is a complete and perfect sign system. Therefore, language represents something meaning. A semiotic study on the poem "Ibunda by WS. Rendra” is examined using semiotic methods. The purpose of this writing is to find out the meaning of one of WS' poems. Rendra. WS. Rendra is someone with beautiful and meaningful works. The method used in this work is a qualitative descriptive method that analyzes literary works or poetry based on the content of literary works, while the writing technique is literary studies. The results of this study indicate that the poetry written by WS. Rendra has a meaning that can be used as a reference for reader information and can be researched.

ХАРАКТЕРНІ ОЗНАКИ НІМЕЦЬКИХ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ НАУКОВИХ ТЕКСТІВ

The article highlights the characteristic features of scientific texts (articles) in two languages: German and Ukrainian. The peculiarities and regularities of the functioning of scientific articles are described in detail in view of the interaction of linguistic and non-linguistic factors. The specificity of a scientific text is the special role and function of language, which it plays in the process of acquiring, storing, and transmitting scientific knowledge. The cognitive-informational nature of the scientific text focuses the main functions of the language sign, acting as an intermediary-mediator in the process of scientific communication. Cognition with the help of language is carried out through a linguistic sign (word, sentence, text), in the meaning of which the essential properties of an object, a situation, highlighted by collective social practice, are recorded. A scientific article belongs to individualized scientific genres, since the author, reflecting the phenomena and objects of reality, simultaneously evaluates and argues for them and thereby draws the reader into his valuable sphere. The specificity of the genre of the scientific article – its cognitive and communicative orientation – is reflected in the semantic structure of the article, namely, the presence of factual and evaluative informativeness. A scientific text (article) in German and Ukrainian has a number of common features. They include the main semantic categories – informativeness and argumentativeness, on the basis of which the cognitive and communicative characteristics of the text are determined. Distinctive features of scientific texts in two languages are: the dominant type of information, methods of argumentation, and features of linguistic implementation.

Метаязык описания семантики сравнения как языкового знака

Метаязык описания семантики сравнения как языкового знака

Heuristic and functional aspects of nomination (case-study of English anthroponymic sobriquet formations)

The article deals with functional and heuristic features of anthroponymic sobriquets in such English discourse varieties as literary discursive space, political discourse, Public Relations-discourse. Anthroponymic sobriquets represent themselves as the units of secondary nomination and linguistic manifestations of evaluative process, in which certain attitudes of linguocultural surroundings are formed and expressed. While being represented in discourse the units under analysis fulfill such basic functions as identification and evaluation, based on individual subjective characteristics that in the course of time acquire the more general character and to a certain extent tend to become possession of the linguistic cultural community. Being part of the discursive space anthroponymic sobriquets may acquire peculiar characteristics determined by communicative-pragmatic features of corresponding texts and communicative situations in question. In terms of their functional and heuristic perspectives anthroponymic nicknames serve to be the result of optimization with respect to linguistic means and intellectual effort saving, which refers to the semantic and structural peculiarities of the units under analysis, which can be regarded as both linguistic signs and signs-indexes performing discursive functions.

Реликтовые корневые морфемы казахского языка в ряду универсалий

Lexical remnants as one of the factors of the dynamic processes of word formation, are caused by the language existence. These phenomena are included in the category of exceptions in the system of languages and called «fossilized constructions», «quasi-morphs», «dead roots», etc. The new approach to the morphemic segmentation of words with lexical remnants is represented in the article. The term “relic root morphemes” (RRM) is suggested for lexical remnants. 113Н. Букетова, А. Аратаева, С. Туркенова, А. Амренова Turkic Studies Journal 4 (2023) 99-114The example of RRM separation based on synchronic word formation analysis is given in the article. According to F. de Saussure, the RRM is considered as a linguistic sign, which has its meaning both from the point of view of the current language state and the historical perspective. The analysis of words with RRM based on diachronic approach makes it possible to identify at what level of time factor of the diachronic depth the meaning accumulation takes place.The existence of the RRM in languages, including Kazakh, has a universal character. The relic root morpheme is a residually distinguishable root morpheme, the semantics of which is characterized by idiomaticity, expressed in the word-forming meaning, and confirmed by multiple semantics, finding a place in different historical periods in diachronic aspect.

Узбекская ментальность в художественном произведении как источник национальной культуры

The story of the people's writer of Uzbekistan Murod Tagai “Twilight when the horse neighed” is considered in the aspect of the opposition of linguistic features “concreteness – creativity”. We establish that when comprehending a fictional work, attention should be paid to the world image of the writer, a reflection of his “national spirit”, that the artistic (writer’s) linguistic personality is a special type of linguistic personality with a specific semantic structure of national consciousness. This fact allows us to assert that the artistic picture of the world as the author's refraction of the collective reflection of the world in the ethno-cultural consciousness, in particular the Uzbek language community, reflects the implementation of the labeled opposition “creativity”. Within the framework of the attribute “creative nature of knowledge”, the aesthetic purpose of the language is reflected. It is substantiated that the linguistic picture of the world is objectified by the national nominative vocabulary, while the artistic picture of the world of the writer is represented by mental imagery – units of secondary nomination, which include comparisons, metaphors, metonymy, epithets and other elements of artistic consciousness. It is proved that those linguistic signs, which are based on mental ethnic generalizations of reality – national images and stereotypes, which form a kind of sphere of existence of the Uzbek mentality and national culture, acquire special significance in a fictional text.