Linguistic Regions Research Articles

Real-world asthma management with inhaler devices in Switzerland-results of the asthma survey.

The aim of the Asthma Survey was to generate insights about the daily practice of physicians with regard to inhaler devices used for treating asthma under real-world conditions in Switzerland. A questionnaire was administered to 605 participating hospital- and practice-based Swiss physicians. Areas of interest were practical aspects of patient education, typical difficulties encountered when prescribing pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI) and dry-powder inhalers (DPI), and reasons for physician preferences. Differences between the German-speaking part of Switzerland (D-CH) and French- and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland (W-CH) linguistic regions were explored. Datasets from 529 physicians (291 D-CH and 238 W-CH) were suitable for analysis, 342 internists/general practitioners, 177 pulmonologists/allergologists, and 10 other. Approximately 90% of all participants declared being personally involved in providing inhaler device education to their patients. Practice assistants (33.0% vs. 9.2%, P<0.001) and pharmacists (6.9% vs. 19.7%, P<0.001) were more frequently involved in D-CH compared to W-CH. Patient skills with regard to inhalation technique were generally not monitored on a regular basis with only 34.0% of participants ensuring such checks at the scheduled visits. DPIs were overwhelmingly preferred over pMDI. Although the prevalence of typical handling errors was similar with both inhalers in the two regions, pMDIs were used more frequently in W-CH (P<0.001). Real-world asthma management and inhaler preferences differ between D-CH and W-CH. While the importance of patient education is widely acknowledged, inhalation skills monitoring remains suboptimal. The reasons for higher pMDI preference in W-CH compared to D-CH deserve further research.

Tussen Oudorp en Oldorp: in hoeverre beantwoorden plaatsnamen aan isoglossen?

Abstract1 Between Oudorp and Oldorp: to what extent do place names obey isoglosses?A widely known isogloss in the Dutch-German linguistic region separates a western area with the phoneme [u] (rendered as &lt;ou&gt; or &lt;au&gt;), followed by a dental consonant (like in oud ‘old’ and hout ‘wood’ on the one hand, and an eastern area with [l], followed by a dental consonant, on the other. The vocalization of /l/ started in the southwestern part of the Dutch language area and expanded to the east and north.The position of the isogloss has been established in the 20th century on the basis of appellatives in the spoken language. The question is, to what extent toponyms, too, coincide with the isogloss. In many locations two toponym variants exist, namely a supraregional ‐ and official ‐ one like Oudeschans and a regional one like Òlschans. Based on data concerning the above mentioned isogloss, the article explores whether the supraregional or the dialectal toponyms, respectively, respond to the expectations the isogloss evokes.

Territoriality and freedom of language: the case of Belgium

ABSTRACTLanguage law in Belgium is based on two concepts. The territoriality principle entails that official language use varies from one linguistic region to another. The constitutional freedom of language is an essential complement to territoriality and grants residents the right to use the language of their choice. In the monolingual regions of the country, this fundamental right is, however, limited to the private domain. In the bilingual region of Brussels-Capital, a freedom of language, limited to French and Dutch, exists also in the public domain: residents may choose either language to communicate with the authorities. In this paper, it is explained how the Belgian language regime came about as a result of the interaction between territoriality and freedom of language, already dating back to long before Belgium came into existence. It is argued that the Belgian model has, in actual fact, served as a tool for peaceful conflict management and has greatly contributed to maintaining language diversity. Yet, at the same time, tensions between the two basic concepts exist and are highlighted in this paper.

OP.8E.08] REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN THE ASSOCIATIONS OF DIETARY PATTERNS WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION IN SWITZERLAND

Objective: Nutritional factors play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and in the development of hypertension. The quality of food is influenced by regional habits. We explored the associations of serum Na+, K+, Ca++ and urea and their urinary excretions with BP level and the risk of hypertension in the Swiss population taking regional linguistic differences into account. Design and method: The Swiss Survey on Salt is a population based, cross sectional study that included 1336 subjects from the 3 main linguistic (French, German and Italian) regions of Switzerland. BP was measured with a validated device. Hypertension was defined as current antihypertensive treatment or a mean systolic BP >140 mmHg and/or diastolic > 90 mmHg, based on 8 BP measures. Na, K, Ca++ and urea excretions were assessed in 24-hour urine collections. Multiple logistic/linear regression explored the associations with BP/hypertension. Results: In the Swiss population, besides age, sex, and body mass index, urinary sodium excretion was positively associated with systolic and diastolic BP and hypertension. The slope of the association was comparable in men and women but steeper in subjects >50 y of age and overweight subjects (Figure). Urinary K excretion was not associated with BP unless urinary Na excretion was included in the model. Urinary calcium and urea excretion were not associated with BP. When compared to normotensive, hypertensive participants were characterized by a higher urinary Na but lower urinary K excretion and protein intake. Participants of the German-speaking regions had a higher likelihood of having a high BP and being hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in German-speaking participants: this was true for men but not for women.Conclusions: In Switzerland, urinary Na excretion is associated positively with BP and hypertension with a greater effect in subjects > 50 y and overweight subjects. Potassium modulates the effect of sodium on BP. A higher prevalence of hypertension is found in the German-speaking region of Switzerland due, in part, to dietary factors. These results highlight the importance of nutritional factors in hypertension and emphasize the need to adapt national prevention strategies to regional considerations.

Epilepsy and tobacco smoking: a cross-sectional study.

There is little data concerning the prevalence of smoking in the population of people with epilepsy. The present study addresses this aspect in a sample of 429 unselected adults with epilepsy living in French-speaking Switzerland. The criterion of at least one cigarette per day for the past 6months was used to define the status of "current" smoker. The questionnaires included questions about the type of epilepsy and tobacco consumption and were prospectively filled by attending neurologists in the presence of their patient, ensuring a reliable diagnosis of epilepsy. Data were compared with those of the "Tabakmonitoring" data collection, which gives annually detailed information about tobacco use habits in the Switzerland's population according to the different linguistic regions. Among patients suffering from epilepsy, the prevalence of current smoking was 32.1% (28.8% among women and 35% among men), while the prevalence of smoking was 19.0% in the general population in French-speaking Switzerland in the same period [OR 2.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.5, p<0.001]. The subgroup of patients with epilepsy suffering from idiopathic (genetic) generalized epilepsy had the highest prevalence of smoking: 44.3 versus 27.8% in the other types of epilepsy-p=0.03. Epilepsy appears significantly correlated to smoking. The possible causal relationship, such as common genetic susceptibility to epilepsy and to nicotine addiction, indirect comorbidity through stress or depression associated with epilepsy, beneficial effect of nicotine on epilepsy, still remains unclear and deserves further studies.

The Concept of English Philologists’ Training at Swiss Universities

Abstract The issue of plurilingual approach usage to the study of foreign languages has been made actual on case study of Swiss universities. Basic concepts of English philologists’ formation at Swiss universities have been determined. These components have been analyzed with relation to their relevance to the prospective philologist in English Linguistics and Literature. The attention has been focused on the effectiveness of Swisss higher education up to the indicator “skills” (Global Information Technological Report 2014, Networked Readinnes Index, NRI) according to the World Economic Forum on the development of information technologies in different countries. The emphasis has been made on mutual interaction between sectors of secondary and higher education, that contributes to the quality improvement of education in the country. Some steps in the process of modernization in primary and secondary education have been indicated, such as the usage of the Swiss version of the European Language Portfolio; development of “Profession-related Language Competence Profile for Foreign Language Teachers at Lower Secondary Schools”, “The Passepartout Language Teacher Profile”. Attention is paid to the following changes of teachers’ training: its belonging to tertiary study; mandatory practice-teach for English teachers in English-speaking countries, the required level of command of English language as admission to study in Bachelor and Master programs; capability to work in other linguistic regions, which in turn causes the requirements on quality assurance of particular region language proficiency according to the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages).

Improving Linguistic Pairwise Comparison Consistency via Linguistic Discrete Regions

Linguistic pairwise comparison matrices are widely used in decision-making procedures. However, the matrices often give conflicting results when there are multiple criteria under consideration. Despite intensive research, achieving consistency of such matrices remains a daunting task. In this paper, a novel approach based on linguistic discrete region is proposed to address the challenge. Unlike existing methods that require a single value for each comparison, our approach allows a comparison to be expressed by a discrete region with multiple linguistic terms. Such front-end gives users more freedom to express their opinions. In the back-end, we propose an iterative searching algorithm that is able to achieve approximate optimal consistency for the comparison matrices with discrete region values. The final results are single-value matrices that not only guarantee approximate optimal consistency but comply with evaluators’ intentions a well, as our approach does not modify any linguistic values like many existing methods. We have conducted extensive evaluations, and our empirical study confirms that the linguistic discrete region-based approach significantly improves the consistency of linguistic pairwise comparison matrices.

Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in the Swiss population

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, corresponding to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The latest study on prevalence of CKD involving the three linguistic regions of Switzerland dates back to 2002-2003 and definitions have changed since then. We aimed to assess the current prevalence and determinants of CKD in the Swiss general population. We analysed the data of 1353 participants from a cross-sectional population-based survey performed in 2010-2012 in the three linguistic regions of Switzerland. The prevalence of CKD and the derived cardiovascular risk categories were assessed according to the Kidney Disease - Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 classification, using estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR; CKD-Epidemiological Collaboration equation) and albuminuria level. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with CKD. We included 660 men and 693 women, equally distributed in four age categories (15-29, 30-44, 45-59 and over 60 years). The overall prevalence of CKD was 10.4%. The prevalence in the low, moderate, high and very high risk KDIGO categories were 89.6%, 8.4%, 1.6% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of CKD was similar in all linguistic regions. In multivariate analysis, female gender, older age, diabetes and uric acid were independently associated with CKD in persons ≥45 y. In younger participants, diabetes and lower educational level were associated with CKD. In the general Swiss population, CKD affects one in ten adults. Subjects older than 60 years, as well as patients with diabetes and hypertension, show a high prevalence of CKD. Systematic screening may be recommended in this population.

Editorial: Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Plasticity Changes in Aging.

Editorial: Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Plasticity Changes in Aging.

Socioeconomic status and substance use among Swiss young men: a population-based cross-sectional study.

BackgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) is often inversely related to health outcomes and is likely to play a role in the use of psychoactive substances among young individuals, although little consensus exists on the association between SES and substance use.The purpose of the study was to determine the association of three SES indicators (perceived family income, education level of participants, and parental education level) with past year use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, other illicit drugs and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMPD) among Swiss young men.MethodsPopulation-based cross-sectional study of 5,702 men at mean age twenty. Associations between SES indicators and substance use were assessed with regression models adjusted for age and linguistic region.ResultsParticipants with average or below average perceived family income were less likely to report any use of alcohol (OR = O.75) but more likely to use tobacco daily (OR = 1.31) and cannabis weekly (OR = 1.27) compared to those with perceived above average family income.Participants whose parents had only achieved obligatory education were less likely to engage in any use of alcohol (OR = 0.30), monthly risky single occasion drinking (RSOD, defined as 6 or more drinks per occasion) (OR = 0.48), any use of cannabis (OR = 0.53) and other illicit drugs (OR = 0.58), whereas those whose parents had only achieved secondary education were less at risk of engaging in cannabis (OR = 0.66 for any use and OR = 0.77 for more than once a week use) and other illicit drugs (OR = 0.74) use, compared to those whose parents had achieved tertiary education. Compared to participants who completed secondary or tertiary education, those who completed only obligatory education reported a higher risk of tobacco (OR = 1.18 for any use, OR = 1.31 for daily use), cannabis (OR = 1.23 for any use, OR = 1.37 for more than once a week use), and other illicit drugs (OR = 1.48) use. No association was found between NMPD and the studied SES variables.ConclusionThe relationship between SES and substance use was complex in this sample. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with more alcohol and other illicit drugs use, while lower socioeconomic status was related to more tobacco use. Education level and perceived family income may have different impacts on substance use and may vary by substance.

Kim Ki Duk’s promise, Zanussi’s betrayal: film festival, world cinema and the subject of the region

ABSTRACTThis paper, focusing on the short film, Dear Kim (2009), and a debate between Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi and Marxist intellectual P. Govinda Pillai at the International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) in 1998, attempts to understand the work done by the category of “world cinema” and the institution of the film festival in the formation of the subject of the region, in this case the south Indian state of Kerala. It focuses on the linguistic region formed in post-independence India, thought of as either mirroring or resisting the nation, and as a cultural resource necessary to inhabit the nation as a citizen. The paper argues for a conception of the subject of the region that is performative, where it negotiates multiple horizons of universality simultaneously. While the figure of the citizen provides it with one horizon of universality, the subject is not exhausted by it. In the case of Kerala, through the figuration of a conception of “world,” operationalized through the conduit of “world cinema,” often located in the institutional space of the film festival, the subject is able to access other horizons of universality, enabling it to transcend the particularities that a politics of location imposes on it.

Geographical variation in the prevalence of heavy drinking in young Swiss men.

Not much is known about how much geographical units matter for heavy alcohol consumption and how much of the geographical variations are explained by characteristics such as institutional alcohol policies and regional economic conditions. The study aim was to address these gaps considering three types of heavy alcohol consumption. Analyses were based on data collected on 5879 men (age: 20.0 years, standard deviation: 1.2) years participating in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors in Switzerland. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess overall prevalence, geographical variations in prevalence across geographical units (institutional units, economic micro regions, linguistic regions, urban/rural status), and explanatory variables in three different types of heavy alcohol consumption (heavy weekend drinking, heavy workweek drinking, heavy volume drinking). The overall prevalence for heavy weekend drinking was 46.8%, 10.8% for heavy volume drinking and 3.6% for heavy workweek drinking. The extent and locations of geographical variation in prevalence rates were contingent upon the type of alcohol consumption. Institutional alcohol policies explained substantial geographical variations in heavy weekend drinking, but not in heavy workweek or heavy volume drinking. Regional economic conditions were not related to alcohol consumption. Different types of heavy alcohol consumption are determined by different geographical units. Alcohol policies protectively impact the major drinking style of heavy weekend drinking, but not other low prevalence forms of heavy drinking. Research and public health efforts must take into account these differences between types of alcohol consumption.

Between the Subversive Pen and the Blasphemous Microphone

Iconoclasm is a term that has been used to characterize any subversive, transgressive, and blasphemous adventure. There is abundant evidence that the African female creative impulse is geared towards subverting the existing social order as dominated and controlled by men. The two African female artists whose works are analysed in this study employ vivid sexual imagery to challenge the hegemony of male-oriented discourse. This essay examines the iconoclastic tendencies to be found in the Cameroonian Calixthe Beyala’s Amours sauvages and the Nigerian Saint Janet’s Faaji Plus. It concludes that although the two writers belong to different linguistic and geographical regions, and indeed to different generations, their works provide clear evidence of subversive art and depict a radical reaction to phallocentric norms and values in the African context.

Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Housing Prices in the Presence of a Linguistic Border: Evidence from Belgium

This paper investigates the ripple effect hypothesis for Belgium and is especially interested in the existence of potential border effects arising from the language border that divides the country in two large linguistic regions, Flanders and Wallonia. We find that housing prices in districts located along the north-south axis are highly integrated, while those in more peripheral eastern and western districts converge almost exclusively with neighbouring districts in the same linguistic region. Where a similar model might only applied to a few multilingual countries, we provide some valuable insights on the mechanisms responsible for the observed ripple—and border effects.

Wound management and the use of mouth rinse in mandibular third molar surgery.

The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and practice of Swiss dentists regarding wound management and the use of mouth rinse in surgical removal of mandibular third molars (MTM). A postal survey was conducted among all 3,288 dentists who are members of the Swiss Dental Society (SSO) representing the majority of dentists in Switzerland. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions with mostly multiple-choice answers. Demographic profile, surgical experience, the use of antibiotics, and wound management, i.e. wound closure and the use of mouth rinse were assessed. The response rate was 55%. Semi-closed (59.1%), closed (19%) and open wound management (11.7%) were applied most often. Semi-closed wound management was preferred in the German-speaking region (67%) and closed wound management was preferred in the French-speaking region (55%). For semi-closed wound healing, drains impregnated with terra-cortril (42%) and iodoform-Vaseline (40%) were used. For closed wound management, most dentists reported leaving the wound to heal with the blood clot only (60.5%). Most dentists (74.5%) prescribed chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX) mouth rinse when performing MTM surgery and a combination of immediate preoperative and postoperative use was preferred. Semi-closed wound management with drain and CHX mouth rinse is frequently used in Switzerland in the perioperative management in MTM surgery. It is a well-documented procedure leading to favourable outcomes without using any systemic antibiotics. However, wound management techniques differ between the three linguistic regions.

40 years of progress in female cancer death risk: a Bayesian spatio-temporal mapping analysis in Switzerland.

BackgroundIn the past decades, mortality of female gender related cancers declined in Switzerland and other developed countries. Differences in the decrease and in spatial patterns within Switzerland have been reported according to urbanisation and language region, and remain controversial. We aimed to investigate geographical and temporal trends of breast, ovarian, cervical and uterine cancer mortality, assess whether differential trends exist and to provide updated results until 2011.MethodsBreast, ovarian, cervical and uterine cancer mortality and population data for Switzerland in the period 1969–2011 was retrieved from the Swiss Federal Statistical office (FSO). Cases were grouped into <55 year olds, 55–74 year olds and 75+ year olds. The geographical unit of analysis was the municipality.To explore age- specific spatio-temporal patterns we fitted Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models on subgroup-specific death rates indirectly standardized by national references. We used linguistic region and degree of urbanisation as covariates.ResultsFemale cancer mortality continuously decreased in terms of rates in all age groups and cancer sites except for ovarian cancer in 75+ year olds, especially since 1990 onwards.Contrary to other reports, we found no systematic difference between language regions. Urbanisation as a proxy for access to and quality of medical services, education and health consciousness seemed to have no influence on cancer mortality with the exception of uterine and ovarian cancer in specific age groups. We observed no obvious spatial pattern of mortality common for all cancer sites.Rate reduction in cervical cancer was even stronger than for other cancer sites.ConclusionsFemale gender related cancer mortality is continuously decreasing in Switzerland since 1990. Geographical differences are small, present on a regional or canton-overspanning level, and different for each cancer site and age group. No general significant association with cantonal or language region borders could be observed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1660-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Meaning in life and perceived quality of life in Switzerland: results of a representative survey in the German, French and Italian regions

BackgroundThe concept of meaning in life (MIL) has become a central one in recent years, particularly in psycho-oncology and palliative care. The Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE) has been developed to allow individuals to choose the life areas that they consider to be important for their own MIL. This approach relates to the “World Health Organisation” definition of quality of life (QOL) as an individual’s perception of his own position. The aims of this study were (i) to assess MIL in a representative sample of the Swiss population according to the three linguistic regions and (ii) to evaluate whether MIL constitutes a significant determinant of the perceived QOL.MethodsA telephone survey of the Swiss population, performed by a professional survey company, was conducted between November and December 2013. The interview included the SMILE, perceived QOL (0–10) and health status (1–5), and various sociodemographic variables. In the SMILE, an index of weighting (IOW, 20–100), an index of satisfaction (IOS, 0–100), and a total SMILE index (IOWS, 0–100) are calculated from the areas mentioned by the participants as providing MIL.ResultsAmong the 6671 telephonic contacts realized, 1015 (15 %) participants completed the survey: 405 French, 400 German and 210 Italian participants. “Family” (80.2 %), “occupation/work” (51 %), and “social relations” (43.3 %) were the most cited MIL-relevant categories. Italian participants listed “health” more frequently than German and French participants (50.4 % vs 31.5 % and 24.8 % respectively, χ2 = 12.229, p = .002). Age, gender, education, employment, and marital status significantly influenced either the MIL scores or the MIL-relevant categories. Linear regression analyses indicate that 24.3 % of the QOL variance (p = .000) is explained by health status (B = .609, IC = .490-.728, p = .000), MIL (B = .034, IC = .028-.041, p = .000) and socioeconomic status (F = 11.01, p = .000).ConclusionThe major finding of our analysis highlights the positive and significant influence of MIL on the perceived QOL in a representative sample of a general, multilingual and multicultural population. This result indicates that the existential dimension is not only determinant for QOL in some critical life events, as shown e.g. in psycho-oncology and palliative care, but also in everyday life.

Thiruvithamkoor, Malabar, Kerala: Speculations on the Regions in “Regional Cinema”

The category of the region, in its use as an adjective to cinema, presumes a convergence of language, culture, and geography as its ground. This article attempts to understand the dynamics of unification and difference, aggregation and disaggregation that is central to the production of the linguistic region. Focusing on cinematic practices of the early 1950s in Malayalam, it examines the conditions under which a Thiruvithamkoor (Travancore)-based film industry transforms into an industry for “unified Kerala.” Sidestepping the teleological narrative of unification, the article attends to this period as one characterized by many possible futures. The article is organized around two sets of texts. The first set comprises Chalachitra Kala (The Art of Moving Pictures) by Nagavally R.S. Kurup and Cinima (Cinema) by Moorkoth Kunhappa. Published in 1951, these were the first books on cinema to be written in the Malayalam language. I read these books to understand the differential relationship to cinema that seemed to exist within the Malayalam-speaking territories—a difference founded on the ways in which the industry was organized, publics constituted, and markets formed. The second set comprises three films— Jeevitha Nauka (1951), Neelakkuyil (1954), and Thiramala (1953). These films demonstrate how the discourse of stardom during this crucial period, between the end of the colonial regime and linguistic reorganization of states in independent India, engendered industrial and narrative assemblages that (re)constituted the imaginaries of the region.

Risk Behavior and Reciprocity of Organ Donation Attitudes in Young Men

BackgroundLack of donor organs remains a major obstacle in organ transplantation. Our aim was to evaluate (1) the association between engaging in high-risk recreational activities and attitudes toward organ donation and (2) the degree of reciprocity between organ acceptance and donation willingness in young men. MethodsA 17-item, close-ended survey was offered to male conscripts ages 18 to 26 years in all Swiss military conscription centers. Predictors of organ donation attitudes were assessed in bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression. Reciprocity of the intentions to accept and to donate organs was assessed by means of donor card status. ResultsIn 1559 responses analyzed, neither motorcycling nor practicing extreme sports reached significant association with donor card holder status. Family communication about organ donation, student, or academic profession and living in a Latin linguistic region were predictors of positive organ donation attitudes, whereas residence in a German-speaking region and practicing any religion predicted reluctance. Significantly more respondents were willing to accept than to donate organs, especially among those without family communication concerning organ donation. ConclusionsFor the first time, it was shown that high-risk recreational activities do not influence organ donation attitudes. Second, a considerable discrepancy in organ donation reciprocity was identified. We propose that increasing this reciprocity could eventually increase organ donation rates.

When collective memories of victimhood fade: Generational evolution of intergroup attitudes and political aspirations in Belgium

AbstractCollective memory theories propose that groups' remembrances of their past depend upon their current social situation. In Belgium, a significant proportion of Dutch speakers share a collective memory of past victimisation by French speakers and fight for an ever‐larger autonomy of their region. Yet, as the respective economic, political and social situations of the linguistic regions of Belgium recently evolved with a reversal of fortunes, the current experience of younger Dutch speakers does not fit the traditional memory anymore. We thus predicted that the collective memories of victimhood would decline amongst them, thus bringing changes in intergroup attitudes and political aspirations. Three generations were compared in a survey of 1226 French‐speaking and 1457 Dutch‐speaking individuals. For both groups, younger generations evidenced less regionalist and more integrative positions than older ones. However, these effects were stronger for Dutch‐speaking respondents, and for them, collective memory of victimhood mediated the relation linking age and identification with Belgium, intergroup attitudes and political aspirations. We concluded that the current social context has decisive consequences for collective remembrances, which, in turn, impact intergroup relations and political attitudes and choices.