Linguistic Contact Research Articles

Sociolinguistic Representation of The Deli Java Community’s Culture in North Sumatra Province

The study explores the sociolinguistic aspects of language, particularly its impact on the interactions between Javanese and Malay tribes, which significantly influence each other. As a result of people moving from one place to another, there was interaction between the Javanese and Malay Deli communities, which was known as Javanese Deli or "Ja-del." This resulted in language contact and the emergence of new terminology as a result of the community's social interactions. In North Sumatra, there are Javanese and Malay communities. linguistic contact in Javanese and Malay societies gave rise to a variety of linguistic phenomena such as "language codes" and "symptoms of code switching and code mixing." Acculturation of Javanese and Deli Malay culture resulted in a blending of language comprehension and belief values in both parties' civilizations. This research approach employs a qualitative paradigm with 112 informants; however, for the sake of efficiency and accuracy, 60 sources were chosen based on expertise and character. This study explores The use of Javanese by people in Deli Serdang Regency, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Langkat Regency and Batubara Regency is gradually changing. Based on the recognition of the Javanese people, the language used in the Deli Serdang Regency, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Langkat Regency and Batubara Regency was originally pure Ngoko Javanese. The culture of the Javanese Deli community in North Sumatra Province contains a mixture of cultures that lead to globalization. When communicating, the speaker conveys the speaker's speech using Indonesian (BI) and a foreign language (BA) with no intervention from each speaker.

The Movement of slow: From English to Italian and Back Again. A Diachronic Corpus-Based Study

The present study explores the changes in the meaning of the word slow, both in Italian and English, from the beginning of the Slow Food Movement (SFM) up to 2019. Since 1989 and the early days of Carlo Petrini’s SFM, technology has increasingly led people towards multi-tasking in an attempt to save time, while at the same time, back to the past trends are increasingly evident as seen in several other Slow Movements, for example, in catering and hand-made/retro chains. The concept of slowness is becoming a relevant and ethical topic that is often related to what is organic, local and sustainable, leading to the introduction of an anglicism in Italian, but also to a new whole re-semantization of the word slow in English. The primary objective of this study is to explore the semantic changes in the word slow diachronically both in Italian and in English. To this aim, two robust corpora were created, one from the Italian newspaper La Stampa and the other from the British The Guardian. The word slow was analysed within the different newspaper domains exploring frequencies, collocates, and identifying significant “repeated events” (Sinclair 2004: 28) together with their semantic preferences. Results from the diachronic analysis show that through the SFM, the word slow has taken on specific new meanings in Italian, related to the dimensions of ethics, wellbeing, and environmental awareness. These were then partly re-introduced in English. More specifically, the case of reborrowing of slow within the context of movements (slow fashion, slow tourism, etc.) has quite likely been influenced by the Italian SFM. As a matter of fact, this process of reborrowing involves both acquisition and loss in meaning in both languages. This seems to be a relevant phenomenon in a global context of constant linguistic contact where English appears to play a relevant role as a global language.

Interferencia morfosintáctica del quechua al castellano en la provincia del Cusco

The Spanish spoken in the province of Cusco belongs to Andean Spanish, this because of the linguistic contact between Quechua and Spanish. This linguistic relationship generates various linguistic cases such as bilingualism, interference, substitution of one language for another, etc. The objective of this investigation is to describe and analyze the morphosyntactic interference from Quechua into Spanish spoken by bilinguals in the province of Cusco. The methodology used the qualitative approach and, consequently, the descriptive explanatory method. The linguistic corpus is made up of the information noted in the linguistic record sheet and the series of recordings of the interview. Also, the techniques that were used were observation andthe interview.The instruments used were the linguistic record sheet and a semi-structured questionnaire for the interview. The study design is of a non-experimental, cross-sectional nature. The results obtained show that morphosyntactic interference from Quechua to Spanish is manifested in linguistic insertion, omissions, grammatical substitutions, grammatical discordance, and solecism. Finally, the linguistic cases analyzed are natural expressions of the bilingual, without taking into account whether the bilingual is a native or non-native speaker.

Sino-Korean Rhyming Dictionaries and Their Historical Value in the Context of Contact Linguistics

Sino-Korean Rhyming Dictionaries and Their Historical Value in the Context of Contact Linguistics

Even Kinship Terminology, Society and Language Contact

Abstract The paper analyses on the basis of new fielddata the transformations of kinship terminologies in three Even dialects which have come about through cultural and linguistic contacts. We investigate two possible sources of change. First, the adaptation of kinship terminology to the ways of subsistence, such that, e.g., hunting and gathering cultures preferably use one, while herding cultures prefer other types of kinship systems, with the corollary that shifts in subsistence type can lead to shifts in the kinship terminology. Second, linguistic and cultural convergence, whereby in multilingual groups either one group adapts its terminology to the system of the dominant group or, in the situation of symmetrical multilingualism, both groups change their kinship systems to accommodate to each other. We argue that both causes, the cultural and the linguistic ones, are at work in the Even communities investigated in the paper.

Linguistic Contact and Tracing Persian Construction onto Khuzestani Arabic Structures

Unlike other dialects of Arabic, Khuzestani vernacular Arabic seems to have attracted little attention within the linguistic community. In this vein, the present study aims to present some evidence to show that matter replication of Persian material is mostly found in Khuzestani vernacular Arabic and thus linguistic contact and grammatical borrowing is most often mapped from Persian onto Khuzestani Arabic. Replication of Persian material primarily occurs in the domain of lexical vocabulary, and partly in grammatical vocabulary. Also, pattern replication is notable in the emerging change of constraints on word order, the favoring of analytic constructions and emergence of a new analytic past tense, and the reduction of overt marking of definiteness. In addition, the most remarkable contact-induced change in the dialect is the identification of Khuzestani Arabic grammatical morphemes in attributive constructions – the Construct State marker and the definite article that appears between head and attribute – with the Persian attributive particle, and the consequent merger of two historically distinct attributive constructions – adjectival and nominal – into a single type, which replicates the state of affairs in Persian.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ «ЭТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ДУБЛЕТ» В ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЕ

The article focuses on the analysis of the definitions of the concept of an etymological doublet in order to develop a common definition covering the main features of this phenomenon. The functioning of etymological doublets remains a specific field of knowledge in the context of topical linguistic researches. Representing a category of native words and loanwords with a common etymological nest, they are able to illustrate the historical path of a given language, as well as the linguistic contacts of the representatives of a given linguocultural community. However, scientific literature features no consensus regarding the interpretation of the concept of an etymological doublet in the lexicological paradigm, which imposes certain limitations on the classification of lexical units of common origin, as well as structural and semantic analysis of etymological doublets.

Koineización en el occitano de Navarra y Aragón

Abstract The presence of francos settlers in Navarre and Aragon left abundant administrative and legislative documentation in the Occitan language. This presence of settlers of different origins, both lengua d’oc and lengua d’oïl, with also differentiated dialectal modalities, who carried out commercial activities, produced intense linguistic contact between the different dialectal modalities. The paper tries to determine the type of language reflected in the aforementioned administrative and legal documents, which use the graphic system of the scriptae of Navarre and Aragon, conveying the romance varieties. Although the term koine has been used to define this language, the concept of koineization more adequately defines the dynamic process of leveling and blending of dialects, whose formation of a stabilized koine may be one stage. Thus, within the scriptae of Navarre and Aragon in the Occitan language, different linguistic norms and stable as well as diffuse language varieties can be identified.

Metalinguistic awareness as a factor in contact-induced language change

Abstract This opinion paper considers the role of metalinguistic awareness as a cognitive factor in contact-induced change (CIC). Although research in neighboring fields – for example, language pedagogy and second and third language acquisition – has shown that metalinguistic awareness is a non-structural factor, but does interact with cross-linguistic influences, metalinguistic awareness and its connection to CIC have largely remained undiscussed in contact linguistics. The goal of this contribution is threefold: (i) to put metalinguistic awareness on the agenda in language contact research; (ii) to relate metalinguistic awareness and CIC; and (iii) to showcase how CIC might be linked to different language experiences. To narrow the structural scope, I examine changes in passive constructions and discuss what role metalinguistic awareness might have played in the different developments.

THE HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF TURKISMS IN ENGLISH

Relations between peoples are impossible without the communication of languages. This article examines the issue of words adopted into the English language with the help of Turkic languages that are used in the modern language. The languages of the Turkic peoples have left many traces in different languages. Also, to review the nature of Turkisms in English, to reveal the nature of assimilation of Turkisms in two language cultures and the general features of the communication process, and to determine the features of the development of the semantics of its usage. In addition, the history of the emergence of Turkisms in the English language is intended to determine the features of its usage and semantics. In dealing with Turkisms, it should be noted that the English language is deep and wide. It is defined as the process of transition or entry of elements of one language into another language as a result of linguistic contacts.

La terminologie gastronomique d’origine slave en roumain

Gastronomic Terminology of Slavic Origin in Romanian. This article aims to discuss some aspects concerning the gastronomic terminology of Slavic origin (from Old Slavic, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian, Serbian, Polish), which penetrated into Romanian at different sociocultural stages. Our analysis takes as a basis the specialized lexicon excerpted in Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române (DEX) (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language”), Micul dicționar academic (MDA) (“The Little Academic Dictionary”), as well as the words excepted on the Internet (this type of lexicon being nowadays an unrivaled source of enrichment of a language with the borrowings from other languages). The terminological elements discussed here are grouped into two categories, according to the period of their penetration into the language, their methods of penetration, but also according to the place they currently occupy in specialized works (notably in dictionaries, scientific works). The novelty of this research consists above all in the identification and study of Slavic gastronomic borrowings recently penetrated into Romanian. Keywords: terminology, gastronomy, linguistic contact, borrowing, Slavism.

The Role of Intermediary Languages in the Development of Lexical and Grammatical Features of Borrowings: Investigating Italian and Russian Languages

This study aims to contribute to the analysis of specific words entering a target language (TL) from a source one (SL), through intermediary languages (IL). In particular, this paper will analyse a selection of borrowings that entered Italian (TL) from Russian (SL) and vice-versa, focusing on the role played by IL ​​with respect to the ‘features’ the borrowing shows when entering a TL. The analysis will develop over three main phases: (i) brief excursus about theoretical studies on ‘contact linguistics’; (ii) analysis on the way a selection of both direct & indirect borrowings entered, alternatively, one of the two TLs, at different lexical and grammatical levels; (iii) a case study: the Russianism ‘boiar(d)o’ entering Italian. Some conclusions will be drawn in relation to the importance of a transversal approach, both linguistic and historical, in the analysis of interference phenomena.

The Effects of the Slavic–Balkan Contact on Lipovan Daco-Romanian

This paper offers both a descriptive account and an analysis of the possible consequences of linguistic contact between the Daco-Romanian variety spoken by the Lipovan community and Russian (starting from a fieldwork-based corpus study) regarding (low) verb movement in neutral readings, ultimately reflected in the preference for [adv-v] word order. The situation identified in Lipovan Daco-Romanian will be compared with that of old and standard Daco-Romanian, Moldovan Daco-Romanian, and Russian.

Bilingualism-induced language change: what can change, when, and why?

Abstract Contact between languages has become increasingly recognized as a major source of historical change, as linguistic properties are introduced from one language into another. Yet contact does not necessarily lead to such changes. In fact, arguably most of the properties that contrast between two languages in contact at a given place and time do not change. This paper argues that historical and contact linguistics should now look more systematically at different kinds of bilingualism rather than contact per se and should incorporate recent sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic findings from this literature, since these can help us understand both when change occurs and when it does not. In this context we build on the general model of bilingualism, CASP (short for “complex adaptive system principles”), proposed by Filipović and Hawkins and explore its predictions for whether and when changes will occur in one or the other language of a bilingual. In the event that the relevant speech community comprises monolinguals in addition to bilinguals, these changes may then spread to the wider community when social and demographic circumstances favor this. The paper gives illustrative data supporting CASP’s predictions for change in both language usage and grammar among bilinguals.

Slavonic Loanwords in the Book of Daniel Preserved in the South-Western Karaim Manuscript no. ADub.III.84

The paper discusses the etymology of Slavonic loanwords found in a previously unpublished South-Western Karaim translation of the Book of Daniel copied into manuscript no. ADub.III.84. South-Western Karaims were surrounded by speakers of Polish, Ukrainian and Russian, with the linguistic contact instigating changes in Karaim over a period of several centuries. The present article focuses only on the Slavonic impact upon Karaim vocabulary and attempts to determine whether the borrowed words can be traced back to Polish, Ukrainian or Russian etymons. The loanwords are additionally compared with their counterparts in ancient Polish Bible translations.

CONCEPTO, TIPOS Y CONSECUENCIAS DE LOS CONTACTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS: NUEVOS ENFOQUES

The article studies a series of problems connected with the definition of linguistic contacts, such as the complicated sociolinguistic, linguocognitive and ethnic-cultural phenomenon. Such contact is accompanied by the specific processes of linguistic interferences, linguistic code change and linguistic borrowings. Linguistic contacts are due to non-linguistic phenomena such as population migration, the coexistence of different ethnic groups in the same territory or in the surrounding area, wars, colonization, political, economic, cultural and educational connections. Language contacts are closely linked with types of interethnic cultural contacts. There are several types of linguistic contacts: contacts according to their duration and stability; according to direct and indirect connections; contacts between related and unrelated languages; contacts with unilateral and with mutual influence; marginal and intraregional contacts; casual and permanent contacts; natural and artificial contacts. The consequences of language contacts. Language contacts are based on linguistic and sociolinguistic phenomena. Due to its significant nature, three aspects of language contact are distinguished: the consequences of language contact that affect the language; the consequences that concern the speaker of a language and the consequences that have effects on communication. Due to their duration, the consequences of linguistic contacts can be short-term and long-term. As a result of linguistic contacts can be formed pidgins and creole languages, which are the adstratum phenomena, or one of the contacted languages can be assimilated with the won/winning language, which are the substratum or superstratum phenomena. The different linguistic levels of linguistic contacts have a very stable character: the most stable is the lexical level, the least stable are the phonology and morphology levels.

Frekventnost anglicizama u verbalnim asocijacijama studenata anglistike

The paper deals with the research on the prevalence of recent anglicisms in the everyday language of the students at the Department of English Language and Literature of the Faculty of Philosophy in Kosovska Mitrovica. Since the anglicisms that have entered the Serbian language in the last two decades are the result of progress in information and computer technology, the goal of this research is to assess the most common Englishorigin vocabulary, especially in the speech of older adolescents. Although the sample was a group of English language students (N=50), it is assumed that their everyday language reflects the language of the wider population of students of English language and literature, which should be examined by including a much larger number of English speakers from different universities in Serbia, in order to reach more reliable results. One of the tasks of the linguists is to preserve the Serbian language from the influx of foreign words, while the role of lexicographers is to publish new dictionaries including all foreign words that enter the Serbian language and persist there. New words of English origin multiply every day in contact with content found on the Internet, starting from social networks, blogs that offer advice for various problems, sites that are full of lexical units originating from the English language, films, series, and so-called "tutorials" that are especially followed by the younger population. This paper will not discuss the justification of the use of anglicisms found, but an attempt will be made to find those that are most frequent, and thus the lexicon that, whether we like it or not, entered the Serbian language. The study relies on the free verbal association method to identify frequent lexical units originating from English. Comparative analysis is performed using the latest dictionaries Rečnik novih reči u srpskom jeziku 1 (Otašević i dr. 2022), abbreviated as RNR, and Srpski rečnik novijih anglicizama (Prćić et al. 2021), abbreviated as SRNA. Consequently, the paper highlights the most frequent lexical units from the students' perspective that are not listed in the dictionaries RNR (2022) and SRNA (2021). Through free verbal associations, students wrote anglicisms they use in their speech. The diversity in the choice of alphabets, as well as forms that the students chose while writing anglicisms, would be determined. This research, although it has shortcomings in terms of the small number of respondents, can still provide valid data in the field of lexicography and contact linguistics.

Literature and the Formation of Brazilian Portuguese: A Historiographic Metafiction of Linguistic Contacts

RESUMO Os estudos e as discussões sobre os contatos entre povos e línguas que se deram no Brasil têm sido frequentemente objeto de estudo da Linguística, principalmente da Sociolinguística de Contato, e da História. Entretanto, tomando os textos literários como possibilidade de entrever o passado, ainda que sob os olhares da ficção, a literatura tem muito a contribuir com a forma de se ver o passado, tendo em vista principalmente as metaficções historiográficas que se interessam por lacunas da Historiografia oficial, (re)apresentando acontecimentos e/ou fatos históricos, mas sob o olhar de personagens que foram marginalizados. Considerando isso, este artigo propõem uma análise do romance Um defeito de cor, da autora mineira Ana Maria Gonçalves (2021), a fim de ilustrar como a escrita literária pode contribuir para o entendimento das formas de interações que moldaram a sociedade brasileira, dando origem ao “Brasil” e, especialmente, ao “português brasileiro”.

Il contatto linguistico nel dizionario: italianismi e lessicografia digitale

Linguistic contact manifests itself primarily in the vocabulary, giving rise to phenomena of loanwords of various kinds. Like few other languages, Italian has had and continues to play a prominent role as a contact language. As a consequence many Italian loanwords can be found in the world’s languages, enriching both sectorial languages and the common vocabulary. The preferred place to document lexical influences from other idioms are dictionaries, especially dictionaries of loanwords, now available in digital format. A new type are parallel digital repertoires such as the Osservatorio degli Italianismi nel Mondo (OIM), which, based on interconnected databases, make it possible to observe the importance of the phenomenon in a given language and to make interlinguistic comparisons with respect to the results and specific factors of historical-cultural contacts. The contribution describes the phenomenology of Italianisms, the methodology and structure of the database, and some exemplary cases of borrowings from Italian by other languages, including German.

Ukraine-related proper names in modern and historical Polish phraseology

The present text represents a trend in the research in phraseology and onomastics. The article focuses on the still used and forgotten lexical combinations (phraseologisms, proverbs) which contain a proprial component associated with Ukraine. One analyses combinations with geographical names, i.e. choronyms, e.g.: Ukraina — niedaleka Ukraina ‘Ukraine — not remote Ukraine’, Pobereże — jak na Pobereżu ‘Pobereże — as in Pobereże’, Podole — Na Podolu pszenica bez kąkolu ‘Podolia — in Podolia [there is] wheat without corn cockle, and oikonyms, e.g.: Berdyczow — pisz na Berdyczow ‘Berdychiv — [literally] address your letter to Berdichiv’, bogaty jak berdyczowski bankier ‘as rich as a Berdychiv banker; Poryck — mądry jak porycka szafa ‘Poryck — [literally] as clever as a Poryck wardrobe’; Kołomyja — Anglik z Kołomyi ‘Kolomyia — an Englishman from Kolomyia’. The lexical structures in question constitute an interesting testimony of life in remote historical periods and the former realia encoded in them represent the long-standing Polish-Ukrainian linguistic contact. Keywords: the historical and the modern Polish language, phraseology, paremiology, onomastics, Polish-Ukrainian linguistic contact.