Upland Cotton Lines Research Articles

QTL mapping for agronomic and fibre traits using two interspecific chromosome substitution lines of Upland cotton

AbstractCS‐B14Sh and CS‐B22Sh are cotton interspecific chromosome substitution (CS)‐B lines, in which a pair of short arms of chromosome 14 and chromosome 22 were introgressed from Gossypium barbadense doubled‐haploid line 3‐79 with the background of Gossypium hirsutum line TM‐1, respectively. These two CS‐B lines were crossed with TM‐1, and segregating progenies (F2 and F2:3, respectively) were obtained. Phenotypic data of lint yield, yield‐related traits and fibre‐quality traits were collected from two trials. In the cross CS‐B14SH X TM‐1, QTL for boll weight (BW), lint percentage (LP), fibre upper half mean length (UHML), micronaire reading (MIC), and fibre breaking tensile strength (STR) were repeatedly detected. Alleles from 3‐79 decreased BW and MIC, but increased UHML and STR. In the cross CS‐B22Sh X TM‐1, QTL for BW, LP, UHML, MIC, STR, fibre elongation (EL),seed weight(SW), node of first fruiting branch (NFB) and fibre uniformity index (UI) were repeatedly detected, and alleles from 3‐79 decreased UHML, UI and STR, but increased NFB, SW, MIC and EL. QTL clusters were found in both populations.

Imazamox Tolerance in Mutation‐Derived Lines of Upland Cotton

ABSTRACTInduction of genes conferring herbicide resistance by mutagenesis could facilitate use of imidazolinone herbicides in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In 1997 and 1998, seeds of eight High Plains cotton cultivars were treated with 2.45% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate. The resulting M3 and M4 generations were sprayed with imazethapyr, and the M5 and M6 generations were sprayed with imazamox. Four stable M6 to M7 lines with tolerance to imazamox were identified in 2004. During 2005 and 2006, tolerant mutants and their nonmutated parents were treated at the four‐leaf stage with topical applications of imazamox applied at five rates (0, 88, 175, 350, and 700 g a.i. ha−1). Elevated levels of tolerance to imazamox were observed in all mutants. Imazamox did not impact fiber length. Preliminary investigation indicated that tolerance to imazamox was controlled by a partially dominant single gene. An allelism test revealed that the tolerance genes in the four mutants are either alleles in the same locus or are very tightly linked.

DNA Polymorphisms of Genes Involved in Fiber Development in a Selected Set of Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton

ABSTRACTThe lack of genetic diversity within cultivated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has hindered the construction of genomewide linkage maps and their applications in genetics and breeding. The objective of this investigation was to develop candidate gene markers for fiber quality and yield on the basis of approximately 90 genes implicated in fiber development. Polymorphisms using sequence‐tagged site (STS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) were evaluated among three upland and five Pima cotton (G. barbadense L.) genotypes. Of the 90 primer pairs, 75 resulted in polymerase chain reaction amplifications, including 11 that yielded polymorphic STS markers. Of the 48 primer pairs that produced polymorphic SSCP markers, 27 yielded interspecific polymorphism, while 15 yielded both inter‐ and intraspecific polymorphisms. Six pairs yielded only intraspecific polymorphisms. A total of 18 SNPs, including four indels, were identified in seven of the 15 fiber gene fragments on the basis of direct DNA sequencing, and the average length was 350 bp, with a mean of 1.3 SNPs per fragment. The average rate of SNPs per nucleotide was 0.34%, and 0.31% and 0.41% in coding and noncoding regions, respectively. Eight of the 15 SNPs were interspecific and 78% were nucleotide substitutions, with the four indels contributing to interspecific polymorphism. Six selected SNPs were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion. The high level of SSCP polymorphism observed within a selected set of agronomically improved lines of upland cotton suggests that the use of SSCP will greatly facilitate genomewide mapping in upland cotton.

Genetic variance components and genetic effects among eleven diverse upland cotton lines and their F2 hybrids

Selecting high yielding upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. lines with improved fiber quality is a primary breeding goal. A diverse set of ten cultivars and one breeding line were crossed in a half diallel. Parents and F2 hybrids were grown in three environments at Mississippi State, MS. Ten agronomic and fiber traits were analyzed by a mixed linear model approach based on the additive-dominance genetic model. Variance component, genetic effects and genetic correlations were calculated. ‘Acala Ultima’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, lint percentage, and boll weight. ‘FiberMax 966’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, and all agronomic traits. ‘Tamcot Pyramid’ and M240 were poor general combiners for both fiber and agronomic traits. ‘Coker 315’ was a good general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, micronaire, boll weight, boll number, and yield. Heterozygous dominance effects were associated with several crosses, which suggest their use as hybrids.

Genetic Effect on Yield and Fiber Quality Traits of 16 Chromosome Substitution Lines in Upland Cotton

Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F 1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.

Quantitative inheritance of leaf morphological traits in upland cotton

SUMMARYGenetic manipulation of leaf architecture may be a useful breeding objective in cotton (Gossypiumspp.). The present study reports quantitative genetic analysis of leaf traits from two intraspecific crosses of inbred lines in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) viz. Kang3×Chaoji463 and Han109×Ji98. Six leaf morphological traits (leaf area (LA), leaf perimeter (LP), main lobe length (LL) and width (LW), petiole length (PL), and main LL/LW ratio) were recorded from multiple generations (P1, F1, P2, BC1, BC2, and F2) in the two crosses. Generation mean analyses were conducted to explain the inheritance of each leaf morphological trait. The six-parameter model showed a better fit to an additive-dominance model for LA, main LW, PL, and main LL/LW ratio in the two crosses, suggesting the relative importance of epistatic effects controlling leaf morphology. A simple additive-dominance model accounted for the genetic variation of the main LL in the Kang3×Chaoji463 cross. Different models were selected as appropriate to explain LP in the two crosses. The differences between broad- and narrow-sense heritability values for the same trait were not constant in the two crosses. The estimated minimum number of genes controlling each leaf morphological trait ranged from 0 to 2 for both the crosses. Moreover, the sums of the minimum number of genes controlling leaf morphology were 6 and 2 in the Kang3×Chaoji463 and Han109×Ji98 populations, respectively. Most data suggested that there existed a substantial opportunity to breed cottons that transgress the present range of leaf phenotypes found.

The inheritance model for the fiberless trait in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) line SL1-7-1: variation on a theme

Segregating populations were developed to evaluate the inheritance of the fiberless seed phenotype of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) line SL1-7-1. We report the inheritance of fuzzy, fuzzless and fiberless seed from crosses of SL1-7-1 with wildtype DP5690, Mexican fuzzless seed UA 3-3 (accession 143), Ballard fuzzless seed (accession 243), and MD17. Results from the F1, F2 and F2:3 progeny derived from the SL1-7-1 X DP5690 indicated that the expression of the fiberless phenotype fit a three loci model with one locus being the dominant fuzzless seed allele N 1 . The other two loci were tested to verify whether they were allelic to either recessive fuzzless seed alleles n 2 or n 3 . Using the segregation ratios of the F2 progeny derived from the 143 X SL1-7-1 cross and F2-derived F3 families from SL1-7-1 X DP5690 with fuzzy seed (lacked N 1 ), it is proposed that SL1-7-1 lacks the recessive n 2 allele, but contains the n 3 allele in the genotype of SL1-7-1. The third locus was previously not characterized and has been designated as fl 1 (fiberless), therefore, the genotype for the fiberless phenotype of SL1-7-1 is N 1 N 1 fl 1 fl 1 n 3 n 3 . Fiberless lines MD17 X SL1-7-1 were crossed to verify similarities in genotypes between line and the genotype model predictability. Various combinations of the homozygous and heterozygous expression of N 1 , n 2 , n 3 and fl 1 allele produced plants with lower lint percentages.

Lint development and properties of fifteen fuzzless seed lines of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Fifteen fuzzless seed lines in “obsolete” backgrounds of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were obtained from the National Cotton Germplasm Collection and evaluated for fuzzless seed genotype, lint percent, and lint quality. Fourteen of these fifteen lines were found to be homozygous for the dominant fuzzless seed allele N 1. Only one line was homozygous for the recessive fuzzless seed allele n 2. The measured lint percent of each line was very stable through time, however, large variability existed between many of the N 1 lines ranging from 0.7 to 23.6% lint. The lint percent for the n 2 line was 24.4%. Scanning electron microscopy was used to differentiate patterns of lint initiation on 1 day post anthesis ovules. General patterns included: first, lint initiation restricted to the chalazal end of the seed crest; second, lint initiation along the seed crest and laterally around the chalazal end of the ovule; and third, lint initiation covered all but the micropylar end of the ovule. Lint quality was evaluated for each line using the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) which included measurements of length, maturity, and fineness. The means of each measurement varied among the fuzzless seed lines with significant differences between fiber length, short fiber content, immature fiber content, fineness, and maturity ratio. No correlation was found between lint percent and any of the lint quality measurements. These lines will provide a valuable resource for the study of fiber initiation and lint quality.

QTL mapping for resistance to root-knot nematodes in the M-120 RNR Upland cotton line (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the Auburn 623 RNR source

Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) can cause severe yield loss in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance and genomic location of genes conferring root-knot nematode resistance in M-120 RNR, a highly resistant G. hirsutum line with the Auburn 623 RNR source of resistance. Utilizing two interspecific F(2) populations developed from the same M-120 RNR by Gossypium barbadense (cv. Pima S-6) cross, genome-wide scanning with RFLP markers revealed a marker on Chromosome 7 and two on Chromosome 11 showing significant association with the resistant phenotype. The association was confirmed using SSR markers with the detection of a minor and a major dominant QTL on Chromosome 7 and 11, respectively. Combined across the two populations, the major QTL on Chromosome 11 Mi-C11 had a LOD score of 19.21 (9.69 and 9.61 for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively) and accounted for 63.7% (52.6 and 65.56% for Pop1 and Pop2, respectively) of the total phenotypic variation. The minor QTL locus on Chromosome 7 Mi ( 1 ) -C07 had a LOD score of 3.48 and accounted for 7.7% of the total phenotypic variation in the combined dataset but was detected in only one population. The allele from the M-120 RNR parent contributed to increased resistance in the Mi-C11 locus, but surprisingly, the Pima S-6 allele contributed to increased resistance in the Mi-C07 locus. The M-120 RNR allele in the Mi-C11 locus, derived from the Auburn 623 RNR, is likely to have originated from the Clevewilt 6 cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the SSR marker CIR316 may replace the laborious greenhouse screening in breeding programs to identify genotypes resistant to M. incognita.

Mapping Fiber and Yield QTLs with Main, Epistatic, and QTL × Environment Interaction Effects in Recombinant Inbred Lines of Upland Cotton

Most agronomic traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are quantitatively inherited and affected by environment. The importance of epistasis as the genetic basis for complex traits has been reported in many crops. In this study, a linkage map was constructed by means of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from 7235×TM‐1. Main effects, epistatic effects, and environmental interaction effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling fiber and yield component traits were determined by mixed linear model based QTL mapping in two to four environments. Sixteen main effect QTLs for 12 traits and 19 digenic interaction QTLs for 12 traits were detected. The amount of variation explained by the QTLs of main effect was larger than the QTLs involved in epistatic interactions. Among seven QTLs having QTL × Environment (QE) interaction effects, five produced significant additive effects and two did not, but only one interaction showed significant additive × additive × environment (AAE) interaction effects. Some QTLs with large effects detected in specific environments could be associated with environmental response elements.

Molecular mapping of QTLs for fiber qualities in three diverse lines in Upland cotton using SSR markers

The improvement of cotton fiber quality is extremely important because of changes in spinning technology. The identification of the stable QTLs affecting fiber traits across different generations will be greatly helpful to be used effectively in molecular marker-assisted selection to improve fiber quality of cotton cultivars in the future. Using three elite fiber lines of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as parents, three linkage maps were constructed to tag QTLs for fiber qualities using SSR markers. There were 39 QTLs, 17 significant QTLs, LOD ≥ 3.0 and 22 suggestive QTLs, 3.0 > LOD ≥ 2.0, detected by composite interval mapping for fiber traits, in which 11 QTLs were for fiber length, 10 for fiber strength, 9 for micronaire and 9 for fiber elongation. Out of 17 significant QTLs, 5 QTLs with high logarithm of odds (LOD) score value and stable effect could be found in both F2 and F2:3 segregating populations, showing a great potential for molecular-assisted selection in improving fiber quality. At least three common QTLs could be identified in two populations. These common QTLs detected in different populations suggested that there existed elite fiber genes and possibly of the same origin. In addition, we found three pairs of putative homoeologous QTLs, qFL-7-1c and qFL-16-1c, qFS-D03-1a, qFS-A02-1b and qFS-A02-1c, and qFE–D03-1a and qFE-A02-1c. Our results provided a better understanding of the genetic factors of fiber traits in AD tetraploid cottons.

Mutantes morfológicos de algodoeiro herbáceo como fonte de resistência ao bicudo

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de três características morfológicas mutantes de linhagens de algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch.), isoladas ou combinadas no mesmo genótipo, como fonte de resistência ao bicudo, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). O experimento foi conduzido em campo, sob infestação natural, com delineamento de blocos ao acaso e arranjo fatorial 2<FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT>3 com um tratamento adicional, com quatro repetições. Em teste com chance de escolha, a característica bráctea frego foi a que apresentou maior redução no dano de oviposição pelo bicudo (34,71%), em relação ao equivalente normal. A folha "okra" reduziu o dano apenas quando associada à bráctea frego (40%). A combinação das três características mutantes na mesma planta proporcionou a menor porcentagem de botões com dano de oviposição (23,13%).

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Select Georgia and Pee Dee Cotton Lines

The current standard strategy for cotton transformation uses Agrobacterium for gene transfer and regeneration via somatic embryogenesis, but it is successful only for a handful of cultivars. This study was undertaken with the prospect of expanding the number of elite Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes that can be regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. We tested 15 elite Upland cotton lines from Southeast germplasm: eight lines developed by the Georgia Agriculture Experiment Station and seven by the USDA-ARS Pee Dee cotton breeding program. These genotypes were tested on three embryo initiation-maturation media that were previously found to be capable of inducing somatic embryogenesis in diverse cotton species. Three Pee Dee lines, PD 97019, PD 97021, and PD 97100, and one Georgia line, GA 98033, responded to at least one of the three medium treatments. As expected, the regeneration efficiency of the Georgia and Pee Dee lines was relatively low as compared with the standard Coker 312 cultivar and a high degree of seed-to-seed variability was observed. However, the mean number of somatic embryos (SEs) per gram of tissues was high for the two best embryogenic lines, PD 97019 and GA 98033. Furthermore, the percentage of SEs that converted into plantlets for GA 98033 was comparable to Coker 312 for two of the three media tested.

Registration of Eight Multiadversity Resistant (MAR‐7B) Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton

Registration of Eight Multiadversity Resistant (MAR‐7B) Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton

Registration of TAM 94L‐25 and TAM 94J‐3 Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Length

Registration of TAM 94L‐25 and TAM 94J‐3 Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Length

Registration of Eleven Multi‐Adversity Resistant (MAR‐7A) Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton

Registration of Eleven Multi‐Adversity Resistant (MAR‐7A) Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton

Registration of TAM 94L-25 and TAM 94J-3 Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Length

Registration of TAM 94L-25 and TAM 94J-3 Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Length

Registration of Eleven Multi-Adversity Resistant (MAR-7A) Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton

Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 2 p. 741-742 Registrations of Germplasm Registration of Eleven Multi-Adversity Resistant (MAR-7A) Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton P.M. Thaxton, Corresponding Author P.M. Thaxton [email protected] Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ. System, College Station, TX, 77843-2474Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorK.M. El-Zik, K.M. El-Zik Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ. System, College Station, TX, 77843-2474Search for more papers by this author P.M. Thaxton, Corresponding Author P.M. Thaxton [email protected] Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ. System, College Station, TX, 77843-2474Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorK.M. El-Zik, K.M. El-Zik Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ. System, College Station, TX, 77843-2474Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.7410Citations: 1 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume43, Issue2March–April 2003Pages 741-742 RelatedInformation

Epidermal anthocyanin production as an indicator of bacterial blight resistance in cotton

Among near-isogenic upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines, remarkable variation exists in the ability of the leaves to produce a red accessory pigment anthocyanin when challenged by selected isogenic races of the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye. Inoculated areas that developed visible water-soaking that progressed beyond pinpoint-sized dots, a sign of susceptibility, very rarely produced anthocyanin, and on the couple of occasions in which anthocyanin was seen, it was borderline. Inoculated areas that exhibited resistance by developing little or no water-soaking produced various, but obvious, amounts of anthocyanin, with the exception of the cotton line whose only resistance gene is BIn. These results indicate that anthocyanin production by cotton leaves in response to an unsuccessful challenge by the bacterium is a bacterial blight resistance response, but is not essential for resistance. The epidermis of the adaxial surface of the leaves that received direct illumination was the tissue involved in anthocyanin production. The subsidiary cells of the stomatal complex were the initial participants in anthocyanin accumulation. A protective role of anthocyanin-containing cells against damage by infection-related reactive oxygen species and light-activated phytoalexins to the healthy tissues surrounding infection sites is suggested.

Characterization of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera in three lines of transgenic Bt Upland cotton

In the present study, different Bt cotton lines, Shanxi94-24, Zhongxin94 and R19, showed good efficacy against populations of Helicoverpa armigera, in both laboratory and field assays. Laboratory bioassays, however, indicated that there was a declining level of efficacy with plant age, as the mortality (%) of it Helicoverpa decreased gradually when fed leaves sequentially from the first to the last developing node from the main stem. The mortality of neonate insects fed leaves from the three transgenic lines was as high as 100% before flowering, but only 50%–70% or so by peak flowering and boll set. The temporal difference in resistance of these transgenic Bt cotton lines was also demonstrated in a second set of bioassays of transgenie leaves simultaneously collected from the transgenic plants planted at different times from March 1 to September 11, 1999 at intervals of twenty days. No difference in efficacy was observed over 3 or 4 successive generations of three transgenic lines, i.e., resistance was stable in different generations. This confirms the stable transmission and expression of the Bt gene after being integrated into the genome of the cotton plant. The relationship between the temporal difference in efficacy of transgenic cotton lines and the possible risk of resistance development in bollworm larvae to Bt cotton are also discussed.