Linen Fabrics Research Articles

Electrospun nanofiber composites as a novel preservation coating with antimicrobial and antifungal functions for the archaeological linen textiles

In an attempt to prevent the biodeterioration of ancient textiles, we utilized electrospun composite nanofibers (NFs) for the first time as a coating layer to enhance their antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In this study, we applied a few layers of electrospun NFs derived from various polymers loaded with silver nanoparticles (n-Ag) and 4-chloro-m-cresol onto the surface of aged linen fabric mockups, simulating ancient textiles. The results showed that the coating layer had no discernible effect on the tested samples’ morphology, colour, and optical appearance. Additionally, the investigated samples exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the examined samples displayed significant inhibition of growth in cultures of Aspergillus species isolated from ancient linen fragments preserved in the Cairo Egyptian Museum. These results suggest that electrospun NFs offer a promising strategy for conserving archaeological textiles against biodeterioration and may open a new avenue for using electrospun NFs in the conservation of other archaeological materials.

Antimicrobial printed linen fabric by using brewer’s yeast enzyme

BackgroundIn this research, a brewer’s yeast suspension was used to biotreat raw linen fibers under a range of different circumstances utilizing an ultrasonic cleaner device. In order to optimize circumstances for the treatment process, this extensive work is focused on examining the variables that could affect the biotreatment, such as the amount of brewer’s yeast used, the duration, the temperature of the treatment, and the pH throughout the treatment. After enzymatic treatment, the printing process utilizing turmeric natural dye was used. Variable assesses were conducted to determine the steaming time, thermofixation time, pH of the printing paste, types of dyes, and types of fabrics. How these elements affected the wettability and fabric color strength is investigated. To better comprehend, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of treated and untreated linen samples. The effects of treating the fibers with yeast enzyme on their multifunctional qualities, such as color and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcusaureus and gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, were assessed.ResultsResults demonstrated that the enzyme extract, which predominantly contains lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes that develop the fabric printability, is responsible for the increase of color strength which increased by about 152.27% with good fastness properties compared by the untreated printed samples.ConclusionsThe overall findings showed that the treated fabrics have superior color fastness and antibacterial properties when compared to the untreated fabrics, demonstrating that the procedure of production used to create these multifunctional linen fabrics is environmentally friendly.

Effect of Titanium Nano-Silicate Treatment on Functional and Appearance of Garment Linen Fabrics Blended with Cotton

Effect of Titanium Nano-Silicate Treatment on Functional and Appearance of Garment Linen Fabrics Blended with Cotton

The usage of AgNPs/Klucel G Nanocomposites And Some Conventional Materials in The Conservation of Archaeological Linen Textile Remains

The usage of AgNPs/Klucel G Nanocomposites And Some Conventional Materials in The Conservation of Archaeological Linen Textile Remains

Comparing Sensorial Comfort Properties of Cotton, Cotton/Linen and Linen Knitted Fabrics

ABSTRACT Linen fibers exhibit good moisture management properties and can effectively conduct heat. However, there are limited studies on the sensorial comfort properties of linen knitted fabrics. In this study, the sensorial comfort properties of optical bleached, different enzyme washed and softened 100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% linen, and 100% linen fabrics were investigated using the Kawabata KES-FB evaluation system. The results showed that the tensile resilience and compression linearity values of the 100% linen fabrics were higher than those of other fabrics. The compression energy and compressional resilience of the 50% cotton- 50% linen fabrics were higher than those of the other fabrics. The surface friction value of 100% linen fabrics can be improved by cellulase enzyme treatment. Pectinase enzyme treated fabrics showed higher smoothness values than cellulase enzyme treated 100% linen fabrics.

Effect of Weave and Weft Type on Mechanical and Comfort Properties of Hemp-Linen Fabrics.

In this study the influence of fabric weave (plain, twill, and panama) and weft type (flax and hemp yarns) on selected mechanical and comfort properties of six fabrics was analyzed. The results showed that tear and abrasion properties were most affected by the weave. The tensile properties of the linen fabrics were not significantly different when weft hemp yarns were used instead of flax. Fabrics with the same weave seemed to be equally resilient to abrasion regardless of the type of weft. By contrast, the hemp weft yarns favorized the physical and comfort properties of the investigated fabrics. For the same weave, the hemp-linen fabrics were slightly lighter and exhibited lower bulk density, significantly larger air permeability, and improved moisture management properties. Although the results of maximum thermal flux (Qmax) suggested a cooler sensation of the linen fabrics with panama and twill, the hemp-linen fabric with a plain weave seemed to be the optimal choice when a cool sensation was desired. Higher thermal conductivity values also suggested slightly better heat transfer properties of the hemp-linen fabrics, and these were significantly influenced by the weave type. The results clearly indicated the advantages of using hemp for improving physical and specific comfort properties of linen fabrics.

A new strategy for structural color fabrics: Transfer of photonic crystal coatings from slides to fabrics

The construction of three-dimensional photonic crystals on textile surfaces has emerged as a highly effective method to create fabrics with structural color, generating significant interest among researchers. However, the strict requirements of the substrate fabrics and the challenges associated with patterning coatings for bright structural colors have hindered the widespread application of photonic crystal materials in the textile industry. In this study, we present a strategy for obtaining patterned structural color coatings on fabrics made of different materials. Pre-crystallized poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)) liquid photonic crystals (LPCs) are used as raw material for the rapid preparation of solid photonic crystals (SPCs). These SPCs with structural colors are used as templates and transferred to various fabrics through transfer printing techniques. Importantly, the SPCs maintain an ordered face-centered cubic structure both before and after transfer. Such a feature ensures that the processed structural color fabrics exhibit vibrant and iridescent structural colors. This result is achieved by modification of the substrate fabric with viscous polymer and the intact retention of SPCs. The sandwich structure formed by the adhesive polymer on the base fabric and the encapsulation of the film-forming material on the SPCs imparts good stability to the structural color fabric. It is worth noting that patterned photonic crystal coatings can be easily obtained on the fabrics made of different materials (cotton, linen, wool, and silk fabrics) by manipulating the shape of the viscous polymer. Additionally, a wide range of common materials, such as paper, wood, steel, and others, can be used as target substrates. This novel dyeing strategy not only offers new ideas for preparing patterned structural color fabrics but also further promotes the application of photonic crystal materials in textile printing or display.

Extraction and Characterization of Dracaena fragrans Leaf Fibre

Textile industries have recently become prevalent environmental pollutants as a result of natural inconsistencies and resource scarcity. As a remedy, using natural fibres for textile production is strongly encouraged. Dracaena fragrans is an Ethiopian plant with lingo-cellulosic fibres that can be used for textile applications. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of Ethiopian Dracaena fragrans leaf fibre and evaluates its application in the textile industry. For fibre extraction, water, 10% NaOH, 1% H2O2, EDTA di (with 1.5% and 1%, respectively), 0.2% pectinase (presoak), 0.05% alpha-amylase (for 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours retting), and 5% gel retting methods were utilized. Subsequently, the properties of extracted fibre, mainly fibre length, fineness, tenacity, elongation at break, and degree of whiteness, were evaluated. Longer fibres (46 ± 0.74 cm) were obtained by pectinase retting. Comparatively, finer (11.22 ± 0.64 dtex) fibres were obtained by the water retting method. Fibre with the best tenacity (54.51 ± 0.61, 53.54 ± 0.60, and 52.53 ± 0.61) was obtained by EDTA di (1%), 5% gel retting and water retting methods respectively. On the other hand, higher elongation at break (7.28 ± 0.78%) was obtained by 0.05% alpha-amylase retting with a retting time of 24 hours. And finally, the best fibre whiteness (w* = 71) was obtained by 1% H2O2 retting. Long fibres obtained by the pectinase retting method can be used for the production of packaging sacks and hessians. Fibres obtained by the water retting method can be used for the production of linen fabrics such as lace and sheeting. On the other hand, high-tenacity fibres extracted using (1%) EDTA di retting and 5% gel retting methods can be used for the production of cloths, bags, and shoes. Finally, a highly extensible fibre extracted using α-amylase (24 hours retting) can be used for the production of sports clothes.

Research on Nano-ZnO/fluorine Polyacrylate Linen Fabric Finishing Agent

ABSTRACT With nano-ZnO, methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) as reaction monomers, potassium persulfate as initiator, nano-ZnO/fluorine polyacrylate linen fabric finishing agent was prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization to improve the hydrophobicity and anti-fouling performance of linen fabric. The structure and properties of the film and the finished fabric were characterized and analyzed by1HNMR, FT-IR, and TG. The results showed that the nano-ZnO/fluorine emulsion was successfully prepared with a particle size of about 46 nm, which was combined with linen. The contact angle of the finished linen fabric to water was 130.33°, which indicated that the finished linen fabric had good hydrophobicity. Meanwhile, the anti-fouling performance of the finished linen fabric was also improved. The introduction of nano-ZnO and organic fluorine in turn made linen fabric had the properties of the heat-resistant stability, UV resistance, antibacterial properties, and yellowing resistance.

Employing ultrasonic waves to extract flax seed for textile printing and applying creative fashion designs

Purpose The purpose of this study is to successfully apply ultrasonic waves for the quick extraction of flax seed gum from flaxseed hull or whole seed and compare it to the standard technique of extraction. Design/methodology/approach The effect of the heating source, extracted time, temperature and pH of extracted solution on the extraction was studied. The obtained gum is subsequently used for silk screen printing on cotton, linen and viscous fabrics. Rheological properties and viscosity of the printing paste were scrutinized in the current study to get a better insight into this important polysaccharide. The output of this effort aimed to specify the parameters of the processes for printing textiles to serve in women’s fashion clothes by applying innovated handmade combinations of Islamic art motives using a quick and affordable method. Seven designs are executed, and inspiring from them, seven fashion designs of ladies’ clothes were designed virtually by Clo 3D software. Findings The result recorded that the new gum has excellent printing properties. In addition, they have better rheological properties, viscosity, chromatic strength and fastness qualities, all of which could help them in commercial production. Research limitations/implications Flaxseed and three different fabric types (Cotton, Linen and Viscous) were used. Practical implications Synthesis of a new biodegradable thickener from a natural resource, namely, flaxseed, by applying new technology to save time, water and energy. Originality/value Synthesis of eco-friendly biodegradable thickener and used in textile printing alternative to the synthetic thickener.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Rust Removal Agents from Lithic and Cellulosic Substrates.

The peculiar physicochemical features of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), in particular their tunability, make them ideal media for various applications. Despite their ability to solubilize metal oxides, their use as rust removers from valuable substrates has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we chose three known DESs, consisting of choline chloride and acetic, oxalic or citric acid for evaluating their ability to remove corrosion products from a cellulose-based material as linen fabric and two different lithotypes, as travertine and granite. The artificial staining was achieved by placing a rusty iron grid on their surfaces. The DESs were applied by means of cellulose poultice on the linen fabrics, while on the rusted stone surfaces with a cotton swab. Macro- and microscopic observations, colorimetry and SEM/EDS analysis were employed to ascertain the cleaning effectiveness and the absence of side effects on the samples after treatment. Oxalic acid-based DES was capable of removing rust stains from both stone and cellulose-based samples, while choline chloride/citric acid DES was effective only on stone specimens. The results suggest a new practical application of DESs for the elimination of rust from lithic and cellulosic substrates of precious and artistic value.

A comparative study to evaluate some nano-reinforcement materials in the reinforcement of undyed linen textiles

A comparative study to evaluate some nano-reinforcement materials in the reinforcement of undyed linen textiles

Green Sustainable Textile Supercritical Dyeing Process Using CO2 Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) Extract

ABSTRACT Waterless or reduced water consumption dyeing methods based on supercritical technologies are of interest to fabric manufacturers. The study was aimed at developing a dyeing method for natural fibers, in particular linen and silk, by pressure supercritical impregnation using madder alizarin (R. tinctorum) coloring compound produced by supercritical extraction method as an ecological alternative to conventional dyeing methods. A comparative test of fabric dyeing using supercritical and conventional methods was also carried out. In these dyeing technologies, the pre-treatment process plays an important role in the color intensity. The tests were performed using fabrics without and with mordants, and the results were compared using the color analysis method. The colors of the dyed samples obtained in the supercritical technology are more in shades of carmine, and in the traditional method in duller reds. The proposed modern and ecological dyeing technology guarantees a good resistance to washing and light. Antibacterial activity tests were also performed using supercritical and ethanol extracts. Dyed fabrics play health-promoting and protective roles for their users. Linen fabrics showed antimicrobial activity and positive effects on the skin, which was more moisturized. Waterless technologies should be developed in conjunction with user and environmental impact studies.

Natural Dyeing with Madder: Exploring Traditional Techniques and Color Characteristics

Abstract The color red has a significant presence in cultures around the world. The organic dye madder, derived from plants, has been used throughout human civilization and remains an important natural dye. The research reviews five traditional madder dyeing techniques from China, Europe, Turkey, and Japan. The techniques are applied to cotton, linen, silk, and wool fabrics, and their similarities and differences are compared and analyzed. Additionally, the environmental sustainability, resource conservation, and process efficiency of these dyeing techniques are also evaluated in this article. The chromatic value of dyed textile color was tested by means of an American Hunterlab spectrophotometer, the influence of different dyeing techniques on textile color characteristics was analyzed, and the artistic features of textile color were analyzed from the perspective of visual art.

Hazelnut (Corylus domestica Kos. et Opal.) breeding results for anthropoadaptability

Aim. Hazelnut (Corylus domestica Kos. et Opal.) fruits are valuable raw materials for the confectionery industry, the production of biologically active additives to food products and feed, as well as for obtaining from hazelnut oil the liposomal nanoemulsions and nanodispersions, which are part of medicinal preparations. The domestic hazelnut production level is insufficient and unable to satisfy either the needs of the processing industry or the demand of the population of Ukraine for fresh nuts. This motivated the search for ways to improve the assortment of this nut-bearing crop, foremost the creation of new cultivars in possession of anthropoadaptive features complexes. Methods. Study of the alien and originating in the NDP "Sofiyivka" of the NAS of Ukraine Corylus spp. specimens. During hybridization, the sleeve cages made of dense FPP-15 (Petrianov filter linen) fabric were used to isolate branches with female flowers. Pollination was done without removing the cages, injecting pollen into the cage with insufflator MO-03. The parental pairs' selection for crossing, and growing, evaluation, and selection of hybrid seedlings was done using standard methods. Results. It turned out that the segregation spectra for economic and useful traits of the anthropoadaptive complex in the progeny of seedlings from controlled intraspecific crosses did not significantly differ from the seedlings obtained as a result of free cross-pollination of hazelnut cultivars of the NDP "Sofiyivka" collection. Instead, the involvement of specimens of C. chinensis and C. avellana 'Fuscorubra' in the hybridization contributed to obtaining a number of new hazelnut cultivars. At the same time, in contrast to literature data, hybrids from pollination of hazelnut cultivars with C. chinensis pollen were better than in reciprocal combinations. So new highly productive cultivar 'Sofiivskyi 15' was selected from the seedling population of ('Garibaldi'×C. chinensis). Conclusions. This discrepancy between the results of our crosses and the literature data can be explained by the fact that our C. chinensis specimens were introduced not from the initial natural area (China South-Central), but from the collection of Berlin Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem) where they could spontaneously be pollinated with some other Corylus spp. The advantages of our new hazelnut cultivars: 'Sofiyivsky 1'; "Sofiyivsky 2"; and 'Sofiyivsky 15', which have been included in the State register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine since 2019, testify to the effectiveness of hazelnut breeding for anthropoadaptability.

Effects of a Multi Scouring Agent on the Pretreatment and Dyeing of different Cellulosic Knitted Fabrics

Abstract The study tested the use of Viscobleach as a multi-scouring agent for pretreating cellulosic fabrics (cotton, viscose, and linen) instead of using traditional agents (caustic soda, soda ash, and hydrogen peroxide). The results showed an increase in whiteness and absorbency for viscose and linen fabrics pretreated with Viscobleach. The color strength (K/S) increased for all shades of cotton and for medium and dark shades of viscose and linen. The study also showed that the dye pick-up was higher and dye wastage lower with the Viscobleach pretreatment. The color fastness to wash and rubbing was rated 4-5 for all samples.

Flow-cytometric cell sorting coupled with UV mutagenesis for improving pectin lyase expression.

Introduction: Alkaline pectin lyase is an important enzyme with a wide range of applications in industrial production, It has been widely used in many important fields such as fruit juice processing and extraction, the dyeing and processing of cotton and linen textiles, degumming plant fibers, environmental industrial wastewater treatment, and pulp and paper production. PGLA-rep4 was previously generated as a modified alkaline pectin lyase with high specific activity at pH 11.0°C and 70°C. However, the pre-constructed high-activity pectin lyase expression strains are still difficult to apply in industrial production due to their limited enzymatic activity. We hope to solve these problems by combining modern breeding techniques with high-throughput equipment to rapidly screen alkaline pectin lyase with higher enzymatic activity and lower cost. Methods: We fused the genes encoding PGLA-rep4 and fluorescent protein egfp using a flexible linker peptide and ligated them into a temperature-sensitive plasmid, pKD46. The constructed screening plasmid pKD46-PGLA-rep4-egfp was then transformed into an expression host and screened via flow-cytometric cell sorting coupled with UV mutagenesis. Results: Following mutagenesis, primary screening, and secondary screening, the high-expression strain, named Escherichia coli BL21/1G3, was obtained. The screening plasmid pKD46-PGLA-rep4-egfp was eliminated, and the original expression plasmid pET28a-PGLA-rep4 was then retransformed into the mutant strains. After induction and fermentation, pectin lyase activity in E. coli BL21/1G3 was significantly increased (1.37-fold relative to that in the parental E. coli BL21/PGLA-rep4 strain, p < 0.001), and the highest activity was 230, 240U/mL at 144h. Genome sequencing revealed that genes encoding ribonuclease E (RNase E) and diadenosine tetraphosphatase (ApaH) of E. coli BL21/1G3 were mutated compared to the sequence in the original E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain, which could be associated with increased enzyme expression. Discussion: Our work provides an effective method for the construction of strains expressing pectin lyase at high levels.

Multicolor-tunable biomass thermochromic dyes utilizing tea polyphenols color developer for temperature-controlled linen fabric

Linen, an important industrial crop, is commonly used in the textile field. The development of temperature-controlled linen fabrics is important for the high-value utilization of cellulose-based industrial products. The linen fabrics with color and performance changes controlled by temperature are prepared via the vacuum impregnation process utilizing biomass three-component thermochromic dyes. Currently, three-component thermochromic dyes based on the bisphenol A (BPA) color developer have received special attention due to high saturation color and reversible color-changing performance. However, the toxicity and carcinogenicity of BPA limit its applications in security inks, decorative coatings, plastics, etc. Exploiting excellent and safe biomass color developers for three-component thermochromic dyes remains a challenge. Tea polyphenols (TP) are proposed as alternatives to BPA to prepare the blue, red, yellow, and green three-component thermochromic dyes. According to the laws of subtractive color mixing, multicolor-tunable thermochromic dyes are obtained by color matching of red, yellow, and blue dyes to span multiple shades. Biomass thermochromic dyes are adopted to fabricate temperature-controlled linen fabrics by the vacuum impregnation process. Temperature-controlled linen fabrics can change color reversibly between the original color and achromatic color. The color-changing occurs due to the ring opening and closing of leuco dyes triggered by the solid-to-liquid transition of solvent. The phase transition temperature of the thermochromic dyes absorbed on the linen fabric is 46 ℃. As the temperature increases, the contact angle of temperature-controlled linen fabrics decreases from 129° to 29°, resulting in a change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic with 49 J g−1 of thermal energy stored. The linen fabrics exhibit temperature-controlled changes in color, surface wettability, strength, and thermal insulation. This eco-friendly method with biomass thermochromic dyes for the preparation of color-changing linen fabrics provides a new approach, which is contributing to the development of cellulose-based smart color-changing textiles.

İKİ FARKLI ÜRETİM YÖNTEMİ İLE ÜRETİLEN KETEN/KARBON LİF TAKVİYELİ HİBRİT KOMPOZİTLERİN MEKANİK ANALİZİ

In this study, the hybridization process of carbon fabrics, which used in many areas today, and flax fabrics were carried out using two production methods, hand lay-up and vacuum bagging. The effects of both the production method and the hybridization process on the mechanical performance of the formed flax/carbon epoxy hybrid composites were investigated. Epoxy was used as a matrix element in production. Tensile and hardness tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the analyzed composite products. Moreover, the surface morphology of the samples broken after mechanical testing was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results reveal that the tensile strength of flax/carbon fiber hybrid composites increased from 226.36 MPa to 344.14 MPa when vacuum bagging method was used, resulting in an increase of 52.03% compared to hand lay-up method. An increment of 1.09% was achieved in comparison to hand lay-up when the hardness value reached 201.59 HV from 199.42 HV in linen/carbon fiber hybrid composites produced by vacuum bagging method. The results of the study reveal that both production methods are suitable for manufacturing of automotive parts using linen and carbon fiber fabrics, depending on the area to be used and the part to be produced.

Dyeing of Linen Fabrics in Supercritical CO2 Using a Reverse Micellar System with Ionic Liquid Domains

ABSTRACT In order to realize the anhydrous dyeing of linen fabric with reactive dyes in supercritical CO2, a supercritical CO2 ionic liquid reverse micelle system was constructed, and the dyeing process of linen fabric in this system was studied. In this system, linen fabric can be dyed with reactive dyes without special pretreatment. The results show that the dyeing depth of linen fabric can be significantly improved by increasing the amount of surfactant. With the increase in temperature, the dyeing depth first increases and then decreases. The dyeing pressure displays little effect on the dyeing depth. After dyeing, there are a lot of floating colors on the surface of the fabric. Increasing the temperature and prolonging the dyeing time are conducive to dye fixation on the fabric. Adding a certain amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the system can improve the dyeing performance significantly. In this paper, the best dyeing conditions of linen fabric are as follows: w, 1.2; surfactant conc. 3.5 × 10−2 g/mL; T, 90°C; t, 180 min; p, 21MPa; DMSO concentration, 76.8 mmol/L.