Linear Coefficient Research Articles

Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Sektor Infrastruktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022

This study aims to examine the influence of company size and asset structure on capital structure in food and beverage This research is a quantitative research with the type of data source being secondary data obtained from the company's financial statements and annual reports. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 26 software. Data testing was carried out using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis test, determination coefficient and t-test. The independent variable used in this study is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) while the dependent variable is financial performance proxied by Return On Asset (ROA). The results of the study show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. In addition, based on the determination coefficient (R2) test, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was able to explain its influence on financial performance by 12.2% of the dependent variables. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that financial performance measured using the return on asset ratio had a positive and significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Suggestions that can be given for future research are to add variables that are not included in this study that are considered to affect Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and increase the research period to get accurate results.

Sequence-Controlled Electrochemical Immobilization of Catalyst-Photosensitizer Oligomers for Tuning Photoelectrochemical Behaviors.

Immobilizing catalysts and photosensitizers on an electrode surface is crucial in interfacial energy conversion. However, their combination for optimizing catalytic performance is an unpredictable challenge. Herein, we report that catalyst and photosensitizer monomers are selectively grafted one-by-one addition onto the electrode surface by interfacial electrosynthesis to achieve composition and sequence-controlled oligomer photoelectrocatalytic monolayers. This electrosynthesis relies on the oxidative coupling reaction of carbazole and the reductive coupling reaction of vinyl on the catalyst and photosensitizer monomers, and it initiates on self-assembled monolayers and propagates with alternating positive and negative potentials. Each addition and completion of the target monomer can be quantitatively identified and monitored by optical and electrical responses and their linear coefficients as a function of reaction steps. The resulting composition and sequence-controlled monolayers exhibit tuning electrocatalytic behaviors including water splitting and CO2 reduction, indicating an efficient way to optimize the electro- and photocatalytic functions and performance of molecular materials.

Radiation and mechanical performance of cementitious materials containing ecofriendly nano laboratory waste glass

This study helps in managing waste glass and greening the environment by incorporating laboratory waste glass into mortar production to make an eco-friendly shielding material against gamma rays. The efficiency of using waste glass powder as a cement replacement or addition in mortar production was studied by using two waste glass sizes: micro glass (particle size range from 10.09 to 24.73 μm) and nano glass (particle size range from 10.57 to 26.42 nm) to design different mortar specimens with varying percentages of fine glass powder from 0 to 30%. Compressive strength and flexure strength were evaluated to determine mechanical properties. The results indicated that adding WGP to mortar positively affects the characteristics of cementitious composites. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were experimentally determined using a NaI detector and various radioactive sources (Am-241, Ba-133, Eu-152, Cs-137, and Co-60) with gamma energies ranging from 59.53 to 1332 keV. The obtained coefficients were then compared to the theoretical values of the composites using XCOM software to verify their accuracy. Additionally, the half-value layer, tenth-value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number were computed. Furthermore, the results revealed that the mortar sample with 30% nano additive glass was the most effective in reducing gamma radiation.

Pengaruh Persepsi Kualitas Produk, Citra Merek dan Word of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Perawatan Skintific

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of perceived product quality, brand image and word of mouth on purchasing decisions for Skintific care products. The population in this study were consumers who had purchased Skintific products with a sample of 130 people with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data collection method used a questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test and determination coefficient test. The results of the analysis state that perceived product quality, brand image and word of mouth have a positive effect on purchasing decisions for Skintific care products through Shopee e-commerce in Surakarta. Hypothesis testing obtained that perceived product quality has a significant effect on purchasing decisions for Skintific care products through Shopee e-commerce in Surakarta. Brand image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions for Skintific care products through Shopee e-commerce in Surakarta. Word of mouth has an insignificant effect on purchasing decisions for Skintific care products through Shopee e-commerce in Surakarta. The F test states that the research model of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is correct. The coefficient of determination test shows that perceived product quality, brand image and word of mouth are able to explain purchasing decisions by 43.2%.

Experimental investigation of fired clay bricks for gamma radiation shielding

In this study, the focus was on evaluating how the physical and structural attributes of red clay bricks influence their ability to shield γ-rays. The red clay brick samples' density (ρ, g/cm3) was measured using the MH-300A density meter. The minerals present in the selected clay were identified through the application of X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the material's morphology and chemical composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy. By increasing the pressure rate (PR) from 7.61 to 114.22 MPa, the density of the synthetic clay bricks was increased from 1.50 to 1.69 g/cm3. Subsequently, the gamma-ray shielding effectiveness of the clay bricks produced was investigated through experiments utilizing a NaI (Tl) detector with exposure to various gamma sources. The experimental data illustrated a rise in the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) of the proposed clay bricks, progressing from 1.352 ± 0.040 to 1.559 ± 0.068 cm−1, from 0.111 ± 0.003 to 0.123 ± 0.005 cm−1 and from 0.087 ± 0.002 to 0.099 ± 0.003 cm−1 at γ-ray energies of 0.033, 0.662, and 1.332 MeV, respectively. The rise in μ resulted in a reduction in the half-value thickness (Δ0.5), lead equivalent thickness (Δeq) and transmission factor (TF), in the synthetic bricks. Additionally, samples with increased thickness exhibited enhanced effectiveness in shielding gamma radiation, making them suitable for various applications requiring radiation protection. Moreover, the detection of pressure rate's influence on the physical and shielding characteristics of clay bricks was observed at specific gamma energies. (0.033, 0.662 and 1.332 MeV).

The impact of pressure rate on the physical, structural and gamma-ray shielding capabilities of novel light-weight clay bricks

The present study focuses on investigating the gamma-ray protection features of clay bricks for potential use in radiation shielding fields. The study examined the physical and structural features that affect the performance of these stones in shielding γ-rays. The density (ρ, g/cm3) of the clay bricks samples was measured utilizing the MH-300A density meter. Additionally, the mineral structure within the annealed pressed clay samples was identification the XRD spectrometry. Moreover, the morphology and elemental chemical composition for the annealed bricks were examined using a Thermo Scientific Prisma E, USA field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in conjunction with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Besides, the shielding features of the clay bricks were analyzed using the experimentally measurements (by NaI (Tl) scintillation detector), XCOM software, and Monte Carlo Simulation over the γ-ray energy interval of 0.033–1.332 MeV. The findings of the study indicate that an increase in the pressure rate within the clay bricks samples leads to the rise in their density (from 1.62 to 1.87 g/cm3). This increase in density is accompanied by a decline in both porosity (Φ, %) (from 34.75 to 26.21 %) and water absorption (K, %) (from 26.21 to 14.74 %) factors. Furthermore, the increase in pressure rate from 7.61 to 114.22 MPa also results in an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient (μ, cm−1) of the clay bricks under study. This is achieved by increasing the μ values from 0.39 to 0.43 cm−1, from 0.13 to 0.15 cm−1, and from 0.09 to 0.10 cm−1, at 0.081, 0.511 and 1.173 MeV, respectively. The synthetic bricks offer a lead-free and efficient option for protection, making them ideal for use in nuclear facility start-ups or in areas with radiation exposure.

The linear property of genus-g, n-point, b-boundary, c-crosscap correlation functions in two-dimensional conformal field theory

We propose a method to challenge the calculation of genus-g, bulk n-point, b-boundary, c-crosscap correlation functions with x boundary operators Fg,n,b,cx\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\mathcal{F}}_{g,n,b,c}^x $$\\end{document} in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFT2). We show that Fg,n,b,cx\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\mathcal{F}}_{g,n,b,c}^x $$\\end{document} are infinite linear combinations of genus-g, bulk (n + b + c)-point functions Fg, (n + b + c), and try to obtain the linear coefficients in this work. We show the existence of a single pole structure in the linear coefficients at degenerate limits. A practical method to obtain the infinite linear coefficients is the free field realizations of Ishibashi states. We review the results in Virasoro minimal models M\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{M} $$\\end{document}(p, p′) and extend it to the N = 1 minimal models SM\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{SM} $$\\end{document}(p, p′).

Bootstrap inference for linear time-varying coefficient models in locally stationary time series

Time-varying coefficient models can capture evolving relationships. However, constructing asymptotic confidence bands for coefficient curves in these models is challenging due to slow convergence rates and the presence of various nuisance parameters. A residual-based sieve bootstrap method has recently been proposed to address these issues. While it successfully produces confidence bands with accurate empirical coverage, its applicability is restricted to strictly stationary processes. We introduce a new bootstrap scheme, the local blockwise wild bootstrap (LBWB), that allows for locally stationary processes. The LBWB can replicate the distribution of the parameter estimates while automatically accounting for nuisance parameters. An extensive simulation study reveals the superior performance of the LBWB compared to various benchmark approaches. It also shows the potential applicability of the LBWB in broader scenarios, including time-varying cointegrating models. We then examine herding effects in the Chinese renewable energy market using the proposed methods. Our findings strongly support the presence of herding behaviors before 2016, aligning with earlier studies. However, contrary to previous research, we find no significant evidence of herding between around 2018 and 2021. Online supplementary materials are available for this article.

Indirect effect of elevated pressure via the modulations of crystals intrinsic parameters on radiation shielding efficacy: A comparative study between two α-quartz homeotypes SiO2and GeO2

This study investigates the indirect effects of elevated pressure on the radiation shielding competence of two α-quartz homeotypes, SiO2 and GeO2, by examining the modulations of their crystal intrinsic tetrahedral parameters. The study focuses on structural modifications and their correlations with radiation attenuation properties. The results show that both homeotypes exhibit energy-dependent mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficients (LAC). SiO2 demonstrates higher transparency to incident radiation compared to GeO2, with a relative difference in MAC values of 91% at 0.015 MeV, decreasing to 28% at 15 MeV. However, within the energy range of 0.4 < E < 4 MeV, SiO2 exhibits higher MAC values than GeO2, with the MAC of SiO2 surpassing GeO2 by 17% at 0.4 MeV. The pressure dependence of LAC values indicates that both SiO2 and GeO2 become more effective in attenuating radiation under higher pressure conditions. For instance, at 0.015 MeV, the LAC of GeO2 increased from 274.826 cm−1 at 0.001 GPa to 308.073 cm−1 at 5.57 GPa. GeO2 generally exhibits higher LAC values than SiO2 across the energy and pressure ranges studied. It can be concluded that the structural modifications induced by elevated pressure significantly enhance the radiation shielding capabilities of α-quartz homeotypes, particularly GeO2, making them promising candidates for advanced shielding materials in various high-radiation environments.

Contrast media viscosity and its potential effect on the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children.

To confirm that contrast-enhanced voiding cystourosonography (ceVUS) diagnoses more vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) than voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and assess whether this could be explained by contrast agent viscosity differences. Children addressed for a VCUG for suspected or known VUR between April 2021 and June 2023 were prospectively included. CeVUS and VCUG were consecutively performed during the same procedure by two operators; for each pelviureteric unit (PUU), VUR presence was assessed and scored (I-V scale). At least 6 months later, three radiologists reassessed VUR grading on all ceVUS static images. The viscosity of the two contrast agents and of the urine were measured at 25 °C and 37 °C. Wilcoxon tests were used for comparisons and linear Cohen's Kappa coefficient for Interobserver and Intraobserver agreement. Eighty-nine children, representing 192 PUU, were included. VUR was detected in 54 PUUs by at least one technique, by both in 30/54, by ceVUS only in 21/54 (38.8%), and by VCUG only in 3/54 (5.5%). VUR grade was higher with ceVUS in 19/30 (63.3%, p < 0.0008) PUUs. The ceVUS agent viscosity at 25 °C/37 °C (1.13 cP/1.03 cP) was almost identical to urine viscosity (1.14 cP/1.02 cP) and it was respectively 8 and 6 times lower than VCUG contrast agent viscosity (9.44 cP/6.03 cP). The Cohen's kappa for ceVUS grading was between 0.75-0.97 (interobserver) and 0.93-0.98 (intraobserver). Our study confirms that ceVUS detects more VUR and grades them higher in comparison to VCUG in children. This could be explained by the lower viscosity of the US contrast agent. Question Why are there differences in detecting and grading VUR between ceVUS and VCUG? Finding VUR was detected by ceVUS or VCUG only in, respectively 38.8% and 5.5% of PUUs. VUR grade was higher with ceVUS in 63.3%. Clinical relevance The higher detection rate and grading of vesicoureteral reflux in children by ceVUS might be explained by the lower viscosity of its sonographic contrast agent. CeVUS might reproduce the urine movement in the urinary tract.

Analysis of thermal instability for fiber backscatter phase and intensity.

In this Letter, we utilize the speckle model to measure the average random scattering rate of fiber backscatter and analyze its dependence on length, yielding a linear fitting coefficient of 0.23 ppm/m for a PM980-XP fiber. We incorporate the temperature coupling effect into the model and validate the model's accuracy by examining the distribution of the change rate of the backscattering rate relative to the temperature and the amplitude spectral density of the backscattered power. Our findings demonstrate that the typical shoulder-shaped noise in interferometer experiments is limited by stray light, and the dependence of shoulder-shaped noise on the fiber length and temperature noise level is analyzed.

Hemodynamic phenotypes in chronic kidney disease patients based on linear regression of blood pressure parameters.

Classic and non-classic cardiovascular (CV) risk factors accumulate in chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to vascular remodeling and hemodynamic abnormalities. This study aimed to determine hemodynamic phenotypes based on linear regression of blood pressure (BP) parameters in stage G3-G4 CKD patients at very high CV risk. 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central BP were obtained from 52 patients (aged 60±11years, BMI 30±6kg/m2) with stage G3-G4 CKD (eGFR 44±12mL/min./1.73m2). Linear BP regression coefficients were generated to determine hemodynamic phenotypes using ABPM data. Coexisting hypertension was present in 45 (86%) patients, out of whom 33 (73%) had BP controlled. 24-h mean systolic/diastolic BP was 128±18/75±12mm Hg. Twenty-six patients demonstrated the harmonious (H) and 26 patients diastolic dysfunctional (D) hemodynamic phenotypes. eGFR was not significantly different between both phenotypes. Compared to phenotype H, patients with phenotype D were older (57±11 vs. 63±10 years, p=.04), had higher PWV (8.2 [7.3-10.3] vs. 9.7 [8.3-10.9]m/s, p=.02), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) (0.31±0.1 vs. 0.40±0.1, p=.02), systolic BP (128 [122-130] vs. 137 [130-150] mm Hg, p=.001) and systolic BP variability (BPV) (11.7±2.3 vs. 15.7±3.4mm Hg, p<.0001). Our findings suggest that one in two patients with stage G3-G4 CKD demonstrates an unfavorable D hemodynamic phenotype based on a linear regression model, associated with higher PWV, AASI, systolic BP, and systolic BPV. Further studies are required to assess the clinical utility of hemodynamic phenotypes and whether the D phenotype may predict latent circulatory disorders and outcomes.

Pengaruh Arus Kas Operasi, Sales Growth dan Return On Assets Terhadap Financial Distress

This study aims to test and analyze the effect between operating cash flow, sales growth, and return on assets on financial distress in State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017 - 2021. The method of determining the sample in this study using purposive sampling. The collection method in this study uses secondary data, namely financial reports obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses classic assumption test analysis tools, multiple linear regression analysis, T test, F test and coefficient of determination using the SPSS application. Partial research results show that operating cash flow, sales growth, and return on assets have a significant effect on financial distress. Simultaneous research results show that operating cash flow, sales growth, and return on assets have a significant effect on financial distress. Keywords: , , P, dan Return On Assets.

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Usaha Kilang Padi Sirime Desa Pidoli Lombang Kecamatan Panyabungan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal

This research aims to determine whether leadership style can influence the progress and decline of employee performance at the Sirime Rice Refinery Business, Pidoli Lombang Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. The number of samples used was 30 respondents. The sampling technique in this research uses the Saturated Sampling technique, where all members of the population are used as samples. The data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires and documentation. The analysis method for this research uses validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, heteroscedasticity tests, simple linear regression tests, partial tests and coefficient of determination tests. All of these tests were carried out using the SPSS version 25 program. Leadership style has a positive effect on employee performance at the Sirime Rice Refinery Business. Pidoli Lombang Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency is indicated by a significant t value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, the R Square value is 0.817, which means that the independent variable or leadership style variable (X) is able to explain the dividend variable or employee performance variable (Y) of 81, 7% while the remaining 18.3% is influenced by other factors. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a calculated t value &gt; t table (11,169 &gt; 1.701) on employee performance at the Sirime rice factory, Pidoli Lembang village, Panyabungan sub-district, Mandailing Natal district.

Investigation of nonlinear flow in discrete fracture networks during shear based on XFEM method

To characterize fractured rock masses, self-developed programs are utilized to generate fracture networks. A nonlinear flow model considering the shear dilatancy effect is established, and a numerical solution method for modelling nonlinear flow in fractured rock masses during shear is proposed on the basis of extended finite element analysis. The contour plots reveal distinct patterns in the water pressure and flow distributions within fractures. The reduction in the lateral pressure coefficient and increase in the shear stiffness of the joints facilitate a more homogeneous distribution of the water pressure gradient. Under the same vertical stress, increasing the lateral pressure coefficient or decreasing the shear stiffness leads to a more pronounced shear dilatancy effect on fractures. Consequently, an increase in fracture aperture and permeability occurs, and the flow of the fractured rock mass is enhanced. With the same vertical stress, an increase in horizontal stress and a decrease in shear stiffness lead to a gradual reduction in the linear and nonlinear coefficients of Forchheimer’s law. Specifically, the influence of the lateral pressure coefficient on the linear coefficient is greater than that on the nonlinear coefficient.

Study on the relationship between blending uniformity and yarn performance of blended yarn

The performance of blended yarns is affected by the distribution of component fibers within blended yarn and the blending uniformity. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and quantitative investigations on the relationship between them. In this paper, various specifications for two-component blended yarns were prepared, and the main factors affecting blending uniformity were analyzed. Then the yarn blending irregularity and yarn performance, including tenacity, tenacity coefficient of variation, extension and yarn unevenness were tested. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression were performed between blending irregularity and each yarn performance to characterize the influence of blending uniformity on yarn performance quantitatively. The results show that the blending irregularity is effectively improved by uniform feeding of slivers, and increasing the passage of sliver blending. The blending irregularity has no significant influence on the relationship between twist factor and yarn performance. The blending irregularity has the most positive and highest effect on tenacity coefficient of variation, followed by tenacity and unevenness in third place, and the Pearson correlation coefficient ( P) were all above 0.5, and the linear regression coefficient was above 10−3, but the breaking extension was weakest and negatively correlated with blending irregularity. Except for breaking extension, the effect of blending irregularities on yarn performance becomes more obvious when there are large differences in fiber linear density and fiber length. This paper reveals the relationship between blending uniformity and yarn performance, to provide a basis for theoretical research on the properties of blended yarns.

Prediction Models for the Hybrid Effect of Nano Materials on Radiation Shielding Properties of Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures

In modern construction, nanomaterials can be added to concrete to improve its radiation shielding properties. A prediction model for the gamma-ray radiation shielding properties, such as linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of nanomaterial-based concrete remains necessary. This study aims to develop prediction models for LAC of nano modified concrete (NMC) using nano alumina (NA) and carbon nano tubes (CNTs) subjected to high temperatures. These models are based on linear regression and three machine learning algorithms: M5 Prime (M5P), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). To build the models, results of 117 concrete cubic specimens (100mm size) was utilized as a dataset with varying amounts of NA and CNTs. Relevant variables including temperature, exposure time, and NA and CNTs dosages were considered. To further validate the predicted results, various statistical metrics and K-fold cross-validation were employed to compare and validate the models' output. The results showed that the XGBoost model outperformed other models, with the highest R2 of 0.9975 and the lowest error of 0.4365%. In addition, the impact of each parameter on LAC of NMC was assessed using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis. Sensitivity and SHAP analyses reveal that CNTs has the highest influence on the radiation shielding properties of NMC. In comparison with the previously developed ANN model, the XGBoost and ANN models showed approximately the same prediction power for predicting LAC of NMC.

Pengaruh Komunikasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Hotel Tentrem Yogyakarta

Communication plays a crucial role in influencing employee performance. Performance decline is often caused by communication issues, particularly in the hotel back office, such as the lack of effectiveness in information delivery and miscommunication among employees. This study aims to analyze the impact of communication on employee performance at Hotel Tentrem Yogyakarta. The data used includes quantitative data from employee performance evaluations in 2023, the number of employees, employee communication levels from 2019-2023, and qualitative data from interviews with human resources. The study population consists of 241 employees at Hotel Tentrem Yogyakarta. Data was collected using documentation and questionnaires distributed to respondents. Data analysis techniques include validity testing, reliability testing, normality testing, heteroskedasticity testing, simple linear regression, t-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The study findings show that the calculated t value (38.728) is greater than the t table value (0.1264) with a significance level of 0.000, indicating a positive and significant effect of communication on employee performance at Hotel Tentrem Yogyakarta. The coefficient of determination value of 0.863 indicates that 86.3% of the impact on employee performance is due to communication, while 13.7% is influenced by other factors outside the scope of this study.

Composite cellulose/bismuth/PVA nanocrystal for high-performance X-ray radiation shielding

The strong penetrating power of X-rays causes serious health problems. Longer exposure to radiation that penetrates normal cells can result in gene mutations, cancer, and even death. Protection against radiation exposure is necessary to prevent negative impacts from occurring. This research aims to make apron samples using a simple method based on cellulose as a matrix, bismuth as a filler with concentrations of 1 g, 0.75 g, 0.25 g and PVA acts as a binder that helps bind cellulose and bismuth particles into an effective X-ray radiation shield. The characterization carried out includes Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional groups and chemical composition of the sample, x-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the crystal size of the sample, and mobile x-ray with energies of 60, 70, and 80 keV to determine the radiation shielding performance. The findings of this study highlight that the optimal shielding properties were attained by employing a sample with the highest concentration of bismuth filler, specifically at 1 g. This material exhibits outstanding characteristics, including a high linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient of 0.68 cm−1 and 2.24 cm2/g respectively for an energy of 60 keV and especially low HVL (1.01 cm) and TVL (3.36 cm) values. These findings have significant implications for developing high-performance X-ray radiation shielding materials, particularly in industries where radiation exposure is a concern, such as the medical industry, research, and laboratories. The high tensile strength (2.83 N/mm2) and elongation (12.09 %) values as well as the low Young's modulus (0.108 N/mm2) values also indicate the flexibility of the resulting material, which could be beneficial for applications that require flexible shielding materials. The practicality of this research makes the audience feel that the findings are applicable and useful in real-world scenarios.

Structural, thermal, and radiation shielding properties of B2O3-TeO2-Bi2O3-CdO-Tm2O3 glasses: The role of Tm2O3

This study presents a detailed investigation into the structural, thermal, and radiation shielding properties of a new glass composition, labeled as (50-x)B2O3 + 30TeO2 + 10Bi2O3 + 10CdO + x Tm2O3 (where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mol %). Various radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, and absorbed equivalent dose rates for neutrons were determined through experimental measurements. The study also employed theoretical calculations to assess the exposure buildup factor and effective removal cross-section for neutrons. Additionally, the SRIM program was utilized to investigate mass stopping power and projected range for proton and alpha particles. The structural characteristics of the glasses were analyzed using XRD and FT-IR, while thermal properties were examined through Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). FTIR analysis revealed distinctive bands corresponding to Bi—O, B—O—B, and Te—O bonds. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) increased with Tm2O3 content, ranging from 422 °C to 444 °C. The radiation shielding properties of bismuth boro-tellurite glasses showed that a dose of 1.2025 μSv/h emitted from a fast neutron source was absorbed by 35.1574 % in pure glass and 40.0391 % in glass doped with 5 mol% Tm2O3. Incorporating Tm2O3 into the glass matrix significantly improved the shielding and thermal properties, thus enhancing their potential for advanced high-energy radiation absorption. This investigation contributes to a deeper understanding of how Tm2O3 enhances the structural and thermal attributes of these glasses, positioning them as promising materials for radiation shielding applications.