Linear Version Research Articles

The Sequential Conformable Langevin‐Type Differential Equations and Their Applications to the RLC Electric Circuit Problems

In this paper, the sequential conformable Langevin‐type differential equation is studied. A representation of a solution consisting of the newly defined conformable bivariate Mittag‐Leffler function to its nonhomogeneous and linear version is obtained via the conformable Laplace transforms’ technique. Also, existence and uniqueness of a global solution to its nonlinear version are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are shown with respect to the weighted norm defined in compliance with (conformable) exponential function. The concept of the Ulam–Hyers stability of solutions is debated based on the fixed‐point approach. The LRC electrical circuits are presented as an application to the described system. Simulated and numerical instances are offered to instantiate our abstract findings.

In Vivo Tissue-Specific Knockdown of circRNAs Using shRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster.

Studying circular RNAs' function in vivo has been challenging due to the lack of generic tools to manipulate their levels without affecting their linear counterparts. This is particularly challenging as the back-splice junction is the only sequence not shared between the linear and circular version. In this chapter, we describe a method to study circRNA function in vivo targeting shRNAs against the desired back-splice junction to achieve knockdown with tissue-specific resolution in flies.

Modification of the Differential Transform Method With Search Direction Along the Spatial Axis

This paper presents a modification of the Differential Transform Method (ModDTM) formulated so that the search direction of the solution is along a spatial axis (x). It is shown that the method is applicable to a wide spectrum of (1 + 1) partial differential equations, integro partial differential equations, and integral equations. The solutions obtained are in the form of a Taylor series, the coefficients of which are determined by recursively operating a differential transform of the equation. These solutions are either exact and in closed form, or are good approximations. To illustrate the application of the method, as well as to show its versatility, examples are chosen from all the categories mentioned earlier. These include equations such as the nonlinear Fisher, combined KdV‐mKdV, Hunter–Saxton (H‐S), Fornberg–Whitham (FW), coupled systems such as the Whitham–Broer–Kaup (WBK) and the sine‐Gordon (s‐G) equations, integral equations, Volterra partial integro‐differential equations (PIDE), and linear and nonlinear versions of the (complex) Schröedinger equation. The Tables and 3D‐plots show the good rate of convergence of the obtained solutions with the exact ones. It is thus found that the new scheme is successful in producing satisfactory results as any other method in which the conventional approach of searching for solutions along the temporal axis is followed. Further, the procedures involved are simple, and hence may be operated with great ease.

INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CUBIC VISCOSITY ON THE DYNAMICS OF A CANTILEVER ROD LOADED WITH A TRACKING FORCE

The analysis of the influence of external nonlinear cubic viscosity on the behavior of a cantilever rod loaded with a compressive tracking force is performed. The Bernoulli – Euler beam model is used for the describing of the rod bending deformations. After the transition to dimensionless variables, we obtained the form of notation in which the coefficients of the equation do not depend on the coefficient of cubic viscous friction. This indicates the independence of the critical load and system frequency characteristics from the level of nonlinear attenuation. Using the standard procedure of the Bubnov – Galerkin method, taking into account the first two forms of eigen oscillations, the problem is reduced to the analysis of a fourth order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations with respect to generalized coordinates and generalized velocities. For the linear version of the equations with low attenuation, the values of the critical load are obtained in dependence on the ratio of the damping coefficients of the eigenforms. The behavior of the system is analyzed taking into account the considered cubic nonlinearity using the method of nonlinear normal forms. The problem is reduced to the analysis of a nonlinear dynamical system with one degree of freedom. There are constructive analytical methods of qualitative and approximate quantitative research for this class of problems. The critical value of the compressive force was determined by the analysis of the dependence of the first Lyapunov magnitude on the load parameter. It turned out to be less than the value corresponding to the system without damping (the destabilizing effect of external nonlinear friction). A bifurcation occurs in the system at the critical load value. Therefore, the zero equilibrium becomes an unstable complex focus of the first order and a limit cycle is born. The function of the self-oscillations amplitude of the load magnitude is constructed using the harmonic linearization method.

Fractional Linear Reservoir Model as Elementary Hydrologic Response Function

This paper presents a fractional linear reservoir model as the elementary response function of hydrologic systems corresponding to the classical linear reservoir model and tests its applicability to rainfall–runoff modeling. To this end, we formulate a fractional linear reservoir model in terms of fractional calculus following the same procedure as the classical linear reservoir model and, at the simplest level, compare its performance of rainfall–runoff modeling with the linear and nonlinear reservoir models. The impulse response function of a fractional linear reservoir model, a probability density function (PDF) following the Mittag–Leffler distribution, shows nonlinearity due to its time-variant behavior compared to that of a linear reservoir model. In traditional linear hydrologic system theory, the lag and route version of a fractional linear reservoir model produces the fast-rising and slow-recession of runoff hydrographs, implying the mixed response of linear and nonlinear reservoir models to rainfall. So, a fractional linear reservoir model could be considered a fundamental tool to effectively reflect the nonlinearity of rainfall–runoff phenomena within the framework of the linear hydrologic system theory. In this respect, the fractional order of the storage relationship specifying a fractional linear reservoir model can be viewed as a kind of parameter to quantify the heterogeneity of runoff generation within a river basin.

Evaluating the Circular Economy Potential of Modular Construction in Developing Economies—A Life Cycle Assessment

Circular economy (CE) is an emergent concept that promotes resource circularity in multiple product systems. Modular construction (MC), an evolving construction technique, which includes an off-site manufacturing environment, increasingly supports CE strategies such as reuse due to the elevated potential for design for disassembly (DfD). Design-stage environmental assessments are paramount in aiding the early decision making of modular construction projects to successfully plan and implement DfD strategies. Research on synergising modular construction, circular economy and environmental sustainability is rare in developing economies. Thus, the current study aims to conduct a design-stage life cycle assessment of a DfD and linear versions of a modular building unit in Sri Lanka to evaluate the potential environmental benefits. The life cycle assessment results highlight that the DfD strategy has the lowest environmental impacts in all categories, with a 63% reduction in global warming potential and an approximately 90% reduction in terms of human toxicity compared to the linear version. Further, it showed the elevated potential of reuse compared to recycling practices in improving the environmental performance. Sensitivity assessment revealed that steel was the most sensitive to the change in reuse percentage among main building materials. The analysis outcomes highlight the importance of long-term thinking, architectural design creativity and industrial and technology development to uptake the CE-driven MC in the Sri Lankan context. Finally, strategies are proposed to support the CE approach in MC in developing regions. Both quantitative and qualitative outcomes provide a basis for construction industry stakeholders, academia, and policy makers to explore further and promote modular construction practices to enhance the circularity of building materials and components in developing regions.

A nonlinear optimal control problem with an application to optimal dosing of cytotoxic drugs

We consider the problem of minimizing a quadratic cost functional, subject to quasilinear systems of ordinary differential equations. By employing a fixed-point theorem argument, we characterize the optimal control via the associated Riccati equation in a manner analogous to the linear version of the problem. Additionally, we introduce a novel numerical method to approximate the solution and validate it within the context of a quasilinear quadratic cancer therapy model. This general methodology provides both theoretical and practical tools for addressing optimal control problems across various fields.

Neighborhood preserving embedding with autoencoder

Neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction (DR), and it is a linear version of the locally linear embedding method. However, NPE and all its variants only consider the one-way mapping from high-dimensional space to low-dimensional space. The projected low-dimensional data may not accurately and effectively “represent” the original samples. To address this problem, we improve NPE based on linear autoencoder. The conventional projection of NPE is considered as the encoding stage, and the decoder stage is a reconstruction from the low-dimensional space to the original high-dimensional space, which is the key to maintaining more significant information. Based on this, we propose a new NPE method called NPEAE (neighborhood preserving embedding with autoencoder) in this paper. NPEAE performs excellently in face recognition, handwritten character categorization, object classification, etc. The experiments on MNIST, COIL-20, the Extended Yale B, Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL), and FERET show that NPEAE has a higher recognition accuracy than other comparative methods.

Formulation and use of 3D‐hybrid and 4D‐hybrid ensemble covariances in the Météo‐France global data assimilation system

AbstractThe global data assimilation (DA) system at Météo‐France is currently based on a 4D‐Var formulation relying on wavelet‐based 3D background‐error covariances. These covariances are specified at the beginning of the DA window and are evolved implicitly in the DA window through tangent linear and adjoint model integrations. Further research and development steps on data assimilation at Météo‐France are conducted in the framework of the Object‐Oriented Prediction System (OOPS), which is developed in collaboration with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). For instance, 3D background‐error covariances can be made hybrid through a linear combination between wavelet‐based covariances and ensemble‐based covariances that are filtered through spatial localisation. This allows covariances to be made more anisotropic in a flow‐dependent way, and implementation of this hybridation in the OOPS framework is shown to have general positive impacts on the forecast quality. This 3D‐hybrid approach can also be extended to a 4D‐hybrid approach in the OOPS framework: this relies on a linear combination between 4D ensemble covariances on the one hand and 4D linearly propagated covariances on the other hand, corresponding to initial covariances that are evolved more explicitly by tangent linear and adjoint versions of the model. This provides a unifying framework for implementations of DA schemes that correspond to 4DEnVar, 4D‐Var, and new 4D‐hybrid formulations. This is thus considered as a novel way to combine the respective attractive features of 4D‐Var and 4DEnVar approaches, leading in particular to a new 4D‐hybrid formulation of 4DEnVar. Its properties and implementation in the OOPS framework are presented, and first experimental results show that this new formulation of 4DEnVar is competitive with 4D‐Var, in relation with the improved hybridisation.

Some remarks on simplified double porosity model of immiscible incompressible two-phase flow

The paper is devoted to the derivation, by linearization, of simplified homogenized models of an immiscible incompressible two-phase flow in double porosity media in the case of thin fissures. In a simplified double porosity model derived previously by the authors the matrix-fracture source term is approximated by a convolution type source term. This approach enables to exclude the cell problem, in form of the imbibition equation, from the global double porosity model. In this paper we propose a new linear version of the imbibition equation which leads to a new simplified double porosity model. We also present numerical simulations which show that the matrix-fracture exchange term based on this new linearization procedure gives a better approximation of the exact one than the corresponding exchange term obtained earlier by the authors.

Effect of the neutral beam injector operational regime on the Alfven eigenmode saturation phase in DIII-D plasma

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the neutral beam injector (NBI) operation regime on the saturation phase of the Alfven Eigenmodes (AEs) in DIII-D plasma. The analysis is done using the linear and nonlinear versions of the gyro-fluid code FAR3d. A set of parametric analyses are performed modifying the nonlinear simulation EP β (NBI injection power), EP energy (NBI voltage) and the radial location of the EP density profile gradient (NBI radial deposition). The analysis indicates a transition from the soft (local plasma relaxation) to the hard MHD (global plasma relaxation) limit if the simulation EP , leading to bursting MHD activity caused by radial AEs overlapping. MHD bursts cause an enhancement of the EP transport showing ballistic-like features as avalanche-like events. Simulations in the soft MHD limit show an increment of the EP density gradient as the EP β increases. On the other hand, there is a gradient upper limit in the hard MHD limit, consistent with the critical-gradient behavior. AEs induce shear flows and zonal current leading to the deformation of the flux surfaces and the safety factor profile, respectively, particularly strong for the simulation in the hard MHD limit. Simulations in the hard MHD regime show a decrease of the AE frequency in the saturation phase; this is caused by the destabilization of a transitional mode between a TAE and a RSAE that may explain the AE frequency down-sweeping observed in some DIII-D discharges. Reducing the EP energy in the nonlinear simulations leads to a weakening of the plasma perturbation. On the other hand, increasing the EP energy causes the opposite effect. Nonlinear simulations of off-axis NBI profiles indicate a lower plasma perturbation as the EP density gradient is located further away from the magnetic axis.

A linear transportation [formula omitted] distance for pattern recognition

The transportation Lp distance, denoted TLp, has been proposed as a generalisation of Wasserstein Wp distances motivated by the property that it can be applied directly to colour or multi-channelled images, as well as multivariate time-series without normalisation or mass constraints. Both TLp and Wp assign a cost based on the transport distance (i.e. the “Lagrangian” model), the key difference between the distances is that TLp interprets the signal as a function whilst Wp interprets the signal as a measure. Both distances are powerful tools in modelling data with spatial or temporal perturbations. However, their computational cost can make them infeasible to apply to even moderate pattern recognition tasks. The linear Wasserstein distance was proposed as a method for projecting signals into a Euclidean space where the Euclidean distance is approximately the Wasserstein distance (more formally, this is a projection on to the tangent manifold). We propose linear versions of the TLp distance (LTLp) and we show significant improvement over the linear Wp distance on signal processing tasks, whilst being several orders of magnitude faster to compute than the TLp distance.

Comparison of four radar profiling algorithms in the S‐band

AbstractRadar profiling algorithms are widely used for precipitation‐induced path‐attenuation correction. In this study, we investigate the impact of the four well‐known profiling algorithms on the efficacy of quantitative precipitation estimation retrievals. The first method, named the “simple PhiDP‐based method”, distributes precipitation‐induced path attenuation, or PhiDP (differential phase shift), of a rain segment to each radar gate according to radar reflectivity (Zh). The second one is a linear version of the ZPHI method derived from an approximate linear relationship between specific attenuation (Ah) and specific differential phase (KDP). The third one is a nonlinear version of the ZPHI that respects the nonlinearity of the Ah–KDP relationship. The fourth method is inspired from the self‐consistent method of Bringi. The two‐moment normalized raindrop size distribution (DSD) with two variables, scaled drop concentration and mean drop diameter , is used to represent natural variability of DSD. Two configurations are considered: a constant over a segment and a variable over a segment. The Ah, KDP, and rain intensity are estimated by the four profiling algorithms. The sensitivity of each algorithm to radar measurements uncertainty is also investigated. The evaluation of the estimates shows the following. First, for the range‐constant situation, the nonlinear ZPHI and the self‐consistent method yield the best estimates if the measurements errors are not considered. However, the nonlinear ZPHI and the self‐consistent method are significantly impacted by the Zh bias and the measurements noises respectively. Second, for the range‐variable situation, the self‐consistent method does not have a good performance even when radar measurements are accurate. The performance of the nonlinear ZPHI method is similar to the simple PhiDP‐based method, whereas the latter is immune to the Zh calibration error. These results suggest that the benefit of introducing in quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms can be significantly reduced if is not constant in reality and/or if the radar measurements are biased and noisy.

How A Locus Of Control, Financial Learning Quality, And Financial Self-Efficacy Affect Financial Management Behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine how the quality of financial learning of accounting students in Bandung City is influenced by locus of control, level of financial independence, and quality of financial learning. This research uses the Behavioral finance theory approach. The type of research chosen is quantitative descriptive method. The data collected for this study came from questionnaires distributed using purposive sampling method. A total of 100 respondents were undergraduate accounting students studying in Bandung in 2018 and 2019. Data analysis methods include multiple linear regression and IBM SPSS version 25. The results showed that the quality of financial learning and financial self-efficacy partially had a significant effect on financial management behavior, while locus of control had no significant effect on financial management behavior. However, simultaneously the quality of financial learning, financial self-efficacy, and locus of control have a significant effect on the financial management behavior of accounting students in Bandung City. It can be concluded that locus of control cannot influence students' financial management behavior without other variables or factors such as the quality of financial learning and financial self-efficacy.

Antagonism of a key peptide 'T14' driving neurodegeneration: Evaluation of a next generation therapeutic

T14, a 14mer peptide derived from the C-terminus of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a signalling molecule that could drive neurodegeneration via the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Its levels increase as Alzheimer’s pathology progresses; however, a cyclic variant of the compound, NBP14, can block the effects of the endogenous linear counterpart in-vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Here, we explore the antagonistic potential of two 6mer peptides, NBP6A and NBP6B. These are smaller linear versions of NBP14, designed to be more effective by modifying the amino acid residues to enhance receptor blockade alongside other relevant solubility parameters. The peptides were tested in-vitro in PC12 cells on three parameters, calcium influx, cell viability, and AChE release, and ex vivo using voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) in rat brain slices. Neither NBP6A nor NBP6B applied alone had any effect. In PC12 cells, NBP6B was identified as the more potent molecule since it demonstrated more effective blockade of T14 action on calcium influx, cell viability, and AChE release. NBP6B was then further evaluated using VSDI, where it proved twice as potent as NBP14 in blocking the action of T14. The improved effect of NBP6B in blocking the actions of T14, combined with its smaller size suggests that this variant could have even greater therapeutic potential than its original cyclic compound, for treating neurodegenerative disorders.

A shrinking synchronization clustering algorithm based on a linear weighted Vicsek model

The purpose of clustering is to identify distributions and patterns within unlabelled datasets. Since the proposal of the original synchronization clustering (SynC) algorithm in 2010, synchronization clustering has become a significant research direction. This paper proposes a shrinking synchronization clustering (SSynC) algorithm utilizing a linear weighted Vicsek model. SSynC algorithm is developed from SynC algorithm and a more effective synchronization clustering (ESynC) algorithm. Through analysis and comparison, we find that SSynC algorithm demonstrates superior synchronization effect compared to SynC algorithm, which is based on an extensive Kuramoto model. Additionally, it exhibits similar effect to ESynC algorithm, based on a linear version of Vicsek model. In the simulations, a comparison is conducted between several synchronization clustering algorithms and classical clustering algorithms. Through experiments using some artificial datasets, eight real datasets and three picture datasets, we observe that compared to SynC algorithm, SSynC algorithm not only achieves a better local synchronization effect but also requires fewer iterations and incurs lower time costs. Furthermore, when compared to ESynC algorithm, SSynC algorithm obtains reduced time costs while achieving nearly the same local synchronization effect and the same number of iterations. Extensive comparison experiments with some class clustering algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of SSynC algorithm.

Effects of Conjugation of Ferrocene and Gallic Acid On desCys11/Lys12/Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)2K Peptide: Structure, Permeabilization and Antibacterial Activity.

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global health challenge that has led researchers to study alternatives to conventional antibiotics. A promising alternative is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced as the first line of defense by almost all living organisms. To improve its biological activity, the conjugation of AMPs is a promising approach. In this study, we evaluated the N-terminal conjugation of p-Bt (a peptide derived from Bothrops Jararacuçu`s venom) with ferrocene (Fc) and gallic acid (GA). Acetylated and linear versions of p-Bt were also synthesized to evaluate the importance of N-terminal charge and dimeric structure. The compounds were obtained using solid-phase peptide synthesis. Circular dichroism, vesicle permeabilization, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity studies were conducted. No increase in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was observed by adding either Fc or GA to p-Bt. However, Fc-p-Bt and GA-p-Bt exhibited improved activity against Staphylococcus aureus. No cytotoxicity upon fibroblast was observed for GA-p-Bt. On the other hand, conjugation with Fc increased cytotoxicity. This toxicity may be related to the membrane permeabilization capacity of this bioconjugate, which showed the highest carboxyfluorescein leakage in vesicle permeabilization experiments. Considering these observations, our findings highlight the importance of adding bioactive organic compounds in the N-terminal position as a tool to modulate the activity of AMPs.

Optimal multi-market operation of gravity energy storage and wind power producer using a hybrid stochastic/robust optimization

In light of physical limitations, the well-known large-scale pump hydro energy storage was unable to take place in predominantly flat areas. The utilization of innovative gravity energy storage (GES) has increased in the power system in the past few years, with no geographical restrictions and reduced investment costs. According to the paucity of installed GES, a proper formulation considering the physical specifications of gravity energy for market participants in GES has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a new non-linear formulation for the strategic multi-market running of GES and wind suppliers in an uncertain environment characterized by joint robust optimization (RO) and stochastic programming is introduced. Using piecewise linearization, the proposed nonlinear model is then reformulated as a linear version. In the proposed method for market involvement, the bid-offer plans of the GES are obtained in order to participate actively in the DA market. Obtained results show that market conditions significantly impact the profitability of the system, with a 30 % reduction in the day-ahead (DA) price leading to a 32 % reduction in daily profit. Also the risk-based operation of the GES and wind producer is compared with risk-neutral condition, highlighting the importance of considering intraday and real-time markets and risk profiles in optimizing the operation and profitability of the hybrid wind-GES system.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Adversity Intelligence, dan Kreativitas Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis UNESA

Study This aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education, adversity intelligence, and creativity towards entrepreneurship interests of Unesa Faculty of Economics and Business students. The sample in this study were 239 students from 8 study programs Class of 2019. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Multiple Linear Regression analysis technique usingsoftware IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. The results of this study indicate that the variable entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship, adverisity intelligence has a significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship, creativity has a significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship and the three variables simultaneously influence interest in entrepreneurship for FEB Unesa students class of 2019. In the t test, it was found that the calculated t value generated on the entrepreneurship education variable was 4.068 with a sig of 0.000. Means that individually the variable of entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on the interest in entrepreneurship variable. The calculated t value is generated on the variableadversity intelligence ( is 3,301 with a sig of 0.001. It means that individually variable adversity intelligence significant effect on the interest in entrepreneurship variable. The calculated t value generated on the creativity variable is 6.934 with a sig of 0.000. Means that individually the creativity variable has a significant effect on the interest in entrepreneurship variable. value on the regression model of 0.713 (71.3%) can be interpreted that the ability of the regression model variable entrepreneurship education, adversity intelligence, and creativity explains the variable interest in entrepreneurship (Y) of 71.3% and the remaining 28.7% is influenced by other independent variables.

Pengaruh Return On Asset, Dan Earning Per Share Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Barang Komsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The problem in this study is whether ROA and EPS affect stock prices in Industrial Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the type of research used in this study is Quantitative research and using a sample of 40 companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that have been tested through purvosive sampling criteria. Multiple linear regression analysis and SPSS version 26 are the analyses used in this study so that they show the results of hypothesis testing, namely that ROA partially has an effect and is significant on stock prices, and EPS has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Simultaneously, ROA and EPS have a positive and significant effect on share prices in companies in the Consumer Goods Industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022.