Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator Research Articles

Design and Performance Analysis of A Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Considering End Effects

Introduction: In recent years, linear actuators have gained significant attention due to their ability to provide direct linear movement without the need for motion transformation devices. One significant challenge in the design and modeling of linear actuators is the occurrence of longitudinal end-effects. The finite length of the translator stack in linear actuators causes an unbalanced phase force, leading to discrepancies between the phases at the end and center of the actuator. Neglecting these end-effects can lead to inaccuracies in the actuator's performance and control. Methods: The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive approach for the design, sizing, and modeling of the actuator to ensure optimal performance. An energy conversion procedure calculates the thrust force and determines the actuator's geometrical parameters. A numerical model based on the finite element method is developed to analyze the actuator's magnetic behavior and establish its characteristics. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the end effect is conducted using two-dimensional finite element analysis. Results: To accurately capture the actuator's dynamic response and enable precise control, a mathematical model is formulated, incorporating the nonlinear behavior of inductance and incorporating the end effect factor. The proposed model demonstrates high accuracy and provides a solid foundation for the control of the linear switched reluctance actuator. Conclusion: Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of direct drive systems for industrial applications by providing a detailed design procedure and an accurate modeling approach for the linear actuator, enabling more efficient and precise control strategies.

TUBULAR LINEAR SWITCHED RELUCTANCE ACTUATOR: DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION

Linear electromagnetic actuator is receiving significant attention due to recent advances in power electronics and modern control methods. This research proposes a three-phase tubular linear switched reluctance actuator (LSRA) for application in the semiconductor fabrication industry. The tubular LSRA has a robust construction, low manufacturing and maintenance cost, good fault tolerance capability, and high reliability in a harsh environment, making it an attractive alternative to a permanent magnet linear actuator. However, the tubular LSRA has a long mover, which increases the possibility of the mover deforming during fabrication. So, a new mover design is proposed to overcome the problem. The proposed mover design allows the traveling distance of the actuator to be modified by adding or removing the rings without changing the shaft. The tubular LSRA prototype is fabricated according to the optimized design. To drive the tubular LSRA, a appropriate switching algorithm method are used to provide the correct switching signal. This method is straightforward, while no extensive knowledge of power electronic converter is required. The developed tubular LSRA can generate a maximum static force of 0.65N. Through the open-loop reciprocating motion, the dynamic responses of the tubular LSRA can achieve a maximum velocity of 210mm/s and maximum acceleration of 8m/s2, which are in the performance range for precision mechanism.

Two-Phase Linear Hybrid Reluctance Actuator with Low Detent Force

In this paper, a novel two-phase linear hybrid reluctance actuator with the double-sided segmented stator, made of laminated U cores, and an interior mover with permanent magnets is proposed. The permanent magnets are disposed of in a way that increases the thrust force of a double-sided linear switched reluctance actuator of the same size. To achieve this objective, each phase of the actuator is powered by a single H-bridge inverter. To reduce the detent force, the upper and the lower stator were shifted. Finite element analysis was used to demonstrate that the proposed actuator has a high force density with low detent force. In addition, a comparative study between the proposed linear hybrid reluctance actuator, linear switched reluctance, and linear permanent magnet actuators of the same size was performed. Finally, experimental tests carried out in a prototype confirmed the goals of the proposed actuator.

Modeling and Simulation of a Tubular Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator

In this paper, 2-D finite element analysis and MATLAB/Simulink software are used to model and simulate the proposed tubular linear switched reluctance actuator. The analysis of the actuator by finite element is essential for determining the magnetization characteristics. The obtained data from the analysis is useful for testing and verifying the machine operation performance and behavior. According to the analysis, when a step current signal of 3A was applied to the actuator, oscillation occurred at beginning of the motion with maximum overshooting of 2mm and settling time of 0.15s. Besides, the force analysis showed there was nonlinear force behavior between - 3.5N and 2N observed from the actuator motion. The saturation and nonlinear magnetization curve of materials causes the nonlinearity characteristics of thrust force and magnetic flux which affect the performance of the actuator. The determination of the characteristics and performance is crucial for the proposed actuator to realize a precision positioning system in the future.

General Sensorless Method with Parameter Identification and Double Kalman Filter Applied to a Bistable Fast Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator for Textile Machine

General Sensorless Method with Parameter Identification and Double Kalman Filter Applied to a Bistable Fast Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator for Textile Machine

Model, Analysis, and Application of Tubular Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator for Linear Compressors

The tubular linear switched reluctance actuator (TLSRA) is presented in this paper to propel linear compressors with oscillatory motion. The proposed TLSRA possesses the advantages of higher force density and shorter magnetic flux paths in comparison with conventional LSRAs and are much more suitable for applications to reciprocating oscillation due to absence of any coils and magnets on the mover in comparison with linear actuators with moveable permanent magnets. The analytical expression of gap permeance is proposed for fast machine design and optimization. The designed thrust force characteristics are verified by finite-element analysis (FEA) and the experiment. The dynamic model of the linear compressor propelled by the proposed TLSRA is presented. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the developed TLSRA can be applied to linear oscillatory motion and that the developed linear compressor propelled by the proposed TLSRA is effective and feasible.

Design and control of a linear switched reluctance actuator of motorization a left ventricular assist device

We proposed a new concept of left ventricular mechanical circulatory assist device (LVAD) positioned on the descending aorta, called Pulsamag. In order to avoid the occurrence of thrombosis, this pulsatile pump incorporates the pump and valve function. A demonstrator has been designed and is based on a linear tubular actuator with variable reluctance. The inside of the tubular translator is equipped with a 20 mm diameter aortic valve allowing the circulation of blood. The dynamic response of the actuator is determined from coupling of the electrical and mechanical models, which is characterized by a constraining oscillating coport. Internal model control is applied to reduce oscillations and increase the performance of the LVAD system.

A Review: Design Variables Optimization and Control Strategies of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator for High Precision Applications

This paper presents the review of design variables optimization and control strategies of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator (LSRA). The introduction of various type of linear electromagnetic actuators (LEA) are compared and the advantages of LSRA over other LEA are discussed together with the type of actuator configurations and topologies. The SRA provides an overall efficiency similar to induction actuator of the similar rating, subsequently the friction and windage losses are comparable but force density is better. LSRA has the advantage of low cost, simple construction and high reliability compare to the actuator with permanent magnet. However, LSRA also has some obvious defects which will influence the performance of the actuator such as ripples and acoustic noise which are caused by the highly nonlinear characteristics of the actuator. By researching the design variables of the actuator, the influences of those design variables are introduced and the detail comparisons are analyzed in this paper. In addition, this paper also reviews on the control strategies in order to overcome the weaknesses of LSRA.

Numerical Modal Analysis of Vibrations in a Three-Phase Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator

This paper addresses the problem of vibrations produced by switched reluctance actuators, focusing on the linear configuration of this type of machines, aiming at its characterization regarding the structural vibrations. The complexity of the mechanical system and the number of parts used put serious restrictions on the effectiveness of analytical approaches. We build the 3D model of the actuator and use finite element method (FEM) to find its natural frequencies. The focus is on frequencies within the range up to nearly 1.2 kHz which is considered relevant, based on preliminary simulations and experiments. Spectral analysis results of audio signals from experimental modal excitation are also shown and discussed. The obtained data support the characterization of the linear actuator regarding the excited modes, its vibration frequencies, and mode shapes, with high potential of excitation due to the regular operation regimes of the machine. The results reveal abundant modes and harmonics and the symmetry characteristics of the actuator, showing that the vibration modes can be excited for different configurations of the actuator. The identification of the most critical modes is of great significance for the actuator’s control strategies. This analysis also provides significant information to adopt solutions to reduce the vibrations at the design.

Using finite element method based software to teach electrical machines—The linear switched reluctance actuator

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the authors intend to propose a method to teach Electrical Machines in Electrical Engineering courses. The way that both in textbooks and classrooms treat this subject seems to limit students' understanding. The competences on electrical machines design and analysis are improved by a practical approach based on simulation and numerical analysis using Finite Element Method Software. As a complement to the previous teaching method, the students use an experimental test bench to verify the numerical results. A particular topic, concerning the study of the Linear Switched Reluctance Actuators, is here presented. Therefore, we propose a guideline for use in the classroom. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:824–836, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21653

Adaptive sliding mode technique‐based electromagnetic suspension system with linear switched reluctance actuator

Linear switched reluctance actuator (LSRA) is of great potential using in kind of high-force linear applications such as automotive suspension system. In this study, an electrical controlled active suspension system is built. Bi-directional power amplifier is used to supply power to and absorb generated energy from linear actuator based on the movement requirement. The linear motions are accomplished by retracting and extending the LSRA. With regard to the established electromagnetic suspension system, a real-time control algorithm is developed. Sliding model technique with adaptive mechanism is studied to compensate the system non-linearities and external road profile. Experiments are conducted at the laboratory to present the high performance of proposed active suspension system.

Estimation of Inductance Derivative for Force Control of Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator

This paper presents an inductance derivative estimation method of linear switched reluctance actuator (LSRA) employing tracking-differentiating technology. The inductance of LSRA is highly nonlinear and varies with phase current and translator position. To achieve direct force control, the derivative of inductance must be estimated to generate required phase currents. The inductance profile of LSRA is obtained from finite element analysis calculation. Tracking differentiator is introduced to track the inductance and its derivative for further control purpose. A simple Proportional-Integral control with compensation unit using the estimated inductance derivative is used to examine the effectiveness of the estimation of inductance derivative.

A Simple yet Effective Semi-Anechoic Chamber for the Acoustic Characterization of an LSRA

This paper presents a simple and cost effective solution of a semi-anechoic chamber suitable for the acoustic noise characterization of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator (LSRA). Using simple construction and assembling techniques, and low-cost materials, it allows significant acoustic isolation characteristics from the environmental noise, caused by people's activities, other machinery operation, etc. The average attenuation achieved is better than 30 dB for a noise source place at 1 meter distance from its walls. The overall test results demonstrate an affordable yet effective semi-anechoic chamber solution, and prove its adequacy for the specific purpose of characterizing a LSRA in terms of the acoustic noise produced.

Active Suspension System Based on Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator and Control Schemes

In this paper, an active suspension system utilizing a low-cost high-performance linear switched reluctance actuator with proportional-derivative (PD) control is presented. With the tracking differentiator (TD) calculating the displacement and its derivatives directly under the presence of noise, velocity and acceleration can be evaluated, and accurate position control can be achieved. Comparison is made between linear and nonlinear PD control methods in terms of various system parameters and road profiles. A nonlinear PD controller with better dynamic responses is evaluated and developed for real-time suspension application. The proposed PD control schemes are simulated, tested, and analyzed to prove its robustness and reliability. Finally, a quarter-car active suspension system prototype is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes with experiment results.

An Intelligent Sensor Array Distributed System for Vibration Analysis and Acoustic Noise Characterization of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator

This paper proposes a distributed system for analysis and monitoring (DSAM) of vibrations and acoustic noise, which consists of an array of intelligent modules, sensor modules, communication bus and a host PC acting as data center. The main advantages of the DSAM are its modularity, scalability, and flexibility for use of different type of sensors/transducers, with analog or digital outputs, and for signals of different nature. Its final cost is also significantly lower than other available commercial solutions. The system is reconfigurable, can operate either with synchronous or asynchronous modes, with programmable sampling frequencies, 8-bit or 12-bit resolution and a memory buffer of 15 kbyte. It allows real-time data-acquisition for signals of different nature, in applications that require a large number of sensors, thus it is suited for monitoring of vibrations in Linear Switched Reluctance Actuators (LSRAs). The acquired data allows the full characterization of the LSRA in terms of its response to vibrations of structural origins, and the vibrations and acoustic noise emitted under normal operation. The DSAM can also be used for electrical machine condition monitoring, machine fault diagnosis, structural characterization and monitoring, among other applications.

Direct Instantaneous Force Control With Improved Efficiency for Four-Quadrant Operation of Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator in Active Suspension System

A direct instantaneous force control with improved efficiency for the linear switched reluctance actuator (LSRA) is proposed in this paper. Four-quadrant operation is investigated for application in the active suspension system. Force ripple minimization is considered as the primary objective due to the direct impact on passenger ride comfort. An adaptive force distribution function based on the instantaneous force feedback is proposed to achieve a ripple-free system. The choice of switching parameters for improved operation efficiency is examined. The optimal switching positions are online adjusted with respect to the force demand. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Design and modelling of a linear switched reluctance actuator for biomedical applications

This paper deals with a design of linear stepper motor for biomedical applications. The involved biomedical system is a syringe pump generally used for continuous drug infusion. The syringe pump consists of a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) coupled to a syringe plunger. In order to determine the axial force to control the syringe plunger, it was necessary to begin by evaluating the thrust force. The latter constituted the key element for designing the motor. Based on the concept of energy balance, a simplified analytical model was developed to predict the electromagnetic characteristics of the linear switched reluctance motor. The validity of results was ensured by direct comparison with the finite element method (FEM). Key words: Linear switched reluctance motor, syringe pump, modelling, finite-element.

On the influence of the pole and teeth shapes on the performance of linear switched reluctance actuator

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the evaluation of the influence of pole and teeth shapes on the behaviour of a linear switched reluctance actuator (LSRA). The study was carried out through the application of a finite element static analysis and the application of a new method for dynamic analysis. Those studies are thereafter evaluated with experimentations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper characterizes the performance of an LSRA for different polar geometries. A finite element tool is used at an early research stage. Results are then used to build a dynamic numerical model. Obtained data allow the construction of a laboratory prototype.FindingsPolar shape has great influence in actuator behaviour. Different geometrical polar configurations are evaluated and their influence is observed. The obtained data allow attraction force minimization with minimal penalty in the thrust force. A numerical dynamic model is used to evaluate actuator movement with different polar shapes, without taking into consideration the influence of magnetic losses.Practical implicationsThis paper allows the knowledge of each pole shape configuration to be adopted according to the actuator application and desired performance.Originality/valueThis paper presents the effect of the different pole shapes on the behaviour of static and dynamic characteristics of the LSRA. It is shown that the use of non‐traditionally pole shapes, round or wedge, leads to a small penalty in thrust force and a considerable attraction force minimization. The benefit in actuator effects concerning mechanical structure and performance is evident.

Design and evaluation of a linear switched reluctance actuator for positioning tasks

This paper presents the development of a new linear switched reluctance actuator and confirms its applicability to perform positioning tasks. After the explanation of the actuator working principle and the presentation of its electromechanical topology, an analysis is accomplished using a finite elements tool. Based on the theoretical results, an experimental prototype that can develop 150 N was constructed. Its behaviour is observed under two different control methods implemented with microcontrollers. Initially, position is controlled applying a single pulse-driving scheme. Meanwhile, significant improvements are obtained with the introduction of a sliding-mode controller, allowing movements with 1 mm of resolution.

Static Simulation of a Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator with the Flux Tube Method

The linear counterpart of the rotational switched reluctance drive is receiving increasing attention from academic and industrial societies. The special characteristics of this driving ...