Linear Extension Research Articles

Herophilus-Galen line as a predictor of extent of resection in the occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach to pineal tumors in children.

The goals of this study were to evaluate the extent of resection (EOR) obtained with an occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach (OITA) in a series of pediatric patients with pineal region tumors and to define preoperative radiological factors predictive of the EOR. This is a retrospective cohort study of a series of pediatric patients with pineal tumors who underwent surgery through a microsurgical OITA performed by the senior author during the period from January 2006 to January 2020. The tumor volume was measured preoperatively, and then on sagittal midline cuts the authors identified the most cranial point of the torcular Herophili (defined as the "Herophilus point") and the lowest point of the inferior profile of the vein of Galen (defined as the "Galen point"). The line joining these two points (defined as the "Herophilus-Galen line" [H-G line]) was used to identify the "Herophilus-Galen plane" (H-G plane) perpendicular to the sagittal plane. Tumor volumes located below and above this plane were measured. EOR was evaluated by measuring residual tumor volume visible on T1 volumetric injected sequences of immediate postoperative MRI. Thirty patients were selected for study inclusion. The preoperative mean tumor volume was 15.120 cm3 (range 0.129-104.3 cm3). The mean volumes were 2.717 cm3 (range 0-31 cm3) above the H-G plane and 12.40 cm3 (median 5.27 cm3, range 0.12-72.87 cm3) below the H-G plane. Three patients underwent only biopsy. Of the remaining 27 patients, gross-total resection (GTR; 100% tumor volume) was achieved in 20 patients (74%). In the remaining 7 patients, the mean residual tumor volume was 7.3 cm3 (range 0.26-17.88 cm3). In 3 of these patients, GTR was accomplished after further surgical procedures (1 in 2 patients, 3 in 1 patient) for an overall GTR rate of 85.18%. Larger tumor volume was significantly associated with incomplete resection (p < 0.001). A tumor volume ≤ 2 cm3 above the H-G plane (p = 0.003), linear extension ≤ 1 mm above the H-G line, and pineal histology were predictive of GTR at first OITA procedure (p = 0.001). The H-G line is an intuitive, easy-to-use, and reliable indicator of the superior anatomical limit of visibility during the microsurgical OITA. This anatomical landmark may be useful as a predictor of EOR for pineal tumors performed through this approach. The main limitations of this study are the small number of patients and the exclusively pediatric age of the patient population.

Linear extensions of partial orders preserving antimonotonicity

Linear extensions of partial orders preserving antimonotonicity

The hull metric on Coxeter groups

We reinterpret an inequality, due originally to Sidorenko, for linear extensions of posets in terms of convex subsets of the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$. We conjecture that the analogous inequalities hold in arbitrary (not-necessarily-finite) Coxeter groups $W$, and prove this for the hyperoctahedral groups $B_n$ and all right-angled Coxeter groups. Our proof for $B_n$ (and new proof for $\mathfrak{S}_n$) use a combinatorial insertion map closely related to the well-studied promotion operator on linear extensions; this map may be of independent interest. We also note that the inequalities in question can be interpreted as a triangle inequalities, so that convex hulls can be used to define a new invariant metric on $W$ whenever our conjecture holds. Geometric properties of this metric are an interesting direction for future research.

The metric space of limit laws for $q$-hook formulas

Billey-Konvalinka-Swanson studied the asymptotic distribution of the coefficients of Stanley's \(q\)-hook length formula, or equivalently the major index on standard tableaux of straight shape and certain skew shapes. We extend those investigations to Stanley's \(q\)-hook-content formula related to semistandard tableaux and \(q\)-hook length formulas of Björner-Wachs related to linear extensions of labeled forests. We show that, while their coefficients are "generically" asymptotically normal, there are uncountably many non-normal limit laws. More precisely, we introduce and completely describe the compact closure of the metric space of distributions of these statistics in several regimes. The additional limit distributions involve generalized uniform sum distributions which are topologically parameterized by certain decreasing sequence spaces with bounded \(2\)-norm. The closure of these distributions in the Lévy metric gives rise to the space of DUSTPAN distributions. As an application, we completely classify the limiting distributions of the size statistic on plane partitions fitting in a box.Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05A16 (Primary), 60C05, 60F05 (Secondary)Keywords: Hook length, \(q\)-analogues, major index, semistandard tableaux, plane partitions, forests, asymptotic normality, limit laws, Irwin-Hall distribution

Linear invariance and extension operators of Pfaltzgraff-Suffridge type

"We consider the image of a linear-invariant family $\mathcal{F}$ of normalized locally biholomorphic mappings defined in the Euclidean unit ball $\B_n$ of $\C^n$ under the extension operator $$\Phi_{n,m,\beta}[f](z,w) = \mleft( f(z), [Jf(z)]^\beta w\mright), \quad (z,w) \in \B_{n+m} \subseteq \C^n \times \C^m,$$ where $\beta \in \C$, $Jf$ denotes the Jacobian determinant of $f$, and the branch of the power function taking $0$ to $1$ is used. When $\beta=1/(n+1)$ and $m=1$, this is the Pfaltzgraff--Suffridge extension operator. In particular, we determine the order of the linear-invariant family on $\B_{n+m}$ generated by the image in terms of the order of $\mathcal{F}$, taking note that the resulting family has minimum order if and only if either $\beta \in (-1/m,1/(n+1)]$ and the family $\mathcal{F}$ has minimum order or $\beta=-1/m$. We will also see that order is preserved when generating a linear-invariant family from the family obtained by composing $\mathcal{F}$ with a certain type of automorphism of $\C^n$, leading to consequences for various extension operators including the modified Roper--Suffridge extension operator introduced by the author."

CFT correlators, mathcal{W} -algebras and generalized Catalan numbers

In two spacetime dimensions the Virasoro heavy-heavy-light-light (HHLL) vacuum block in a certain limit is governed by the Catalan numbers. The equation for their generating function can be generalized to a differential equation which the logarithm of the block satisfies. We show that a similar story holds for the HHLL mathcal{W} N vacuum blocks, where a suitable generalization of the Catalan numbers plays the main role. Moreover, the mathcal{W} N blocks have the same form as the stress tensor sector of HHLL near lightcone conformal correlators in 2(N − 1) spacetime dimensions. In the latter case the Catalan numbers are generalized to the numbers of linear extensions of certain partially ordered sets.

Belief propagation for permutations, rankings, and partial orders.

Many datasets give partial information about an ordering or ranking by indicating which team won a game, which item a user prefers, or who infected whom. We define a continuous spin system whose Gibbs distribution is the posterior distribution on permutations, given a probabilistic model of these interactions. Using the cavity method, we derive a belief propagation algorithm that computes the marginal distribution of each node's position. In addition, the Bethe free energy lets us approximate the number of linear extensions of a partial order and perform model selection between competing probabilistic models, such as the Bradley-Terry-Luce model of noisy comparisons and its cousins.

Linear-Range Extension for Linear Variable Differential Transformer Using Hyperbolic Sine Function.

In this paper, a circuit technique to extend the measuring range of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is proposed. The transfer characteristic of the LVDT contains the odd function form of the cubic polynomial. Therefore, the measuring range of a commercial LVDT is linear in a narrow range compared to its physical dimensions. The wide measuring range of the LVDT requires a large structure of the LVDT, which increases the scale and the cost of the measurement system. The measuring range of the LVDT can be linearly extended to the maximum of the stroke range using the proposed technique. The realization of the proposed technique is based on the use of the hyperbolic sine (sinh) function of the electronic circuit building block, named the class AB bipolar amplifier. The class AB bipolar amplifier can be obtained by the current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA). The circuit of the proposed technique requires two CFOAs and an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) as the active devices and all devices used in the proposed technique to synthesize the sinh function are commercially available. The proposed technique exhibits an ability to compensate for the nonlinear characteristic of the LVDT without digital components. The proposed technique is attractive in terms of its simple circuit configuration, small size, and low cost. The linear range extension of the LVDT used in this paper is significantly increased with a maximum error of about 18.3 μm of 6.2 mm at the full stroke range or the full-scale percentage error of about 0.295%. The results indicate that the proposed technique provides excellent performance to extend the measuring range of the LVDT without modifying the LVDT structure.

Cessation of Hardground Accretion by the Cold‐Water Coralline Algae Clathromorphum Compactum and Clathromorphum Nereostratum Predicted Within Two Centuries

AbstractOcean acidification and warming are expected to disproportionately affect high‐latitude calcifying species, such as crustose coralline algae. Clathromorphum nereostratum and Clathromorphum compactum are the primary builders of carbonate‐hardgrounds in the Aleutians Islands of Alaska and North Atlantic shelf, respectively, providing habitat and settlement substrates for a large number of species. We exposed wild‐collected specimens to 12 pCO2/T treatments (344–3322 μatm; 6.38–12.40°C) for 4 months in a factorially crossed, replicated laboratory experiment. Impacts of pCO2/T on algal calcification were quantified from linear extension and buoyant weight. Here we show that, despite belonging to the same genus, C. nereostratum exhibited greater sensitivity to thermal stress, while C. compactum exhibited greater sensitivity to pH stress. Furthermore, multivariate models of algal calcification derived from the experiment indicate that both C. nereostratum and C. compactum will commence net dissolution as early as 2120 and 2200 AD, respectively. Our results therefore indicate that near‐term climate change may lead to substantial degradation of these species and loss of the critical hardground habitats that they form.

Green–Samoilenko Function of Linear Extensions of Dynamical Systems on a Torus

Green–Samoilenko Function of Linear Extensions of Dynamical Systems on a Torus

Impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment and skewed N:P stoichiometry on the skeletal formation and microstructure of symbiotic reef corals

Reported divergent responses of coral growth and skeletal microstructure to the nutrient environment complicate knowledge-based management of water quality in coral reefs. By re-evaluating published results considering the taxonomy of the studied corals and the N:P stoichiometry of their nutrient environment, we could resolve some of the major apparent contradictions. Our analysis suggests that Acroporids behave differently to several other common genera and show distinct responses to specific nutrient treatments. We hypothesised that both the concentrations of dissolved inorganic N and P in the water and their stoichiometry shape skeletal growth and microstructure. We tested this hypothesis by exposing Acropora polystoma fragments to four nutrient treatments for > 10 weeks: high nitrate/high phosphate (HNHP), high nitrate/low phosphate (HNLP), low nitrate/high phosphate (LNHP) and low nitrate/low phosphate (LNLP). HNHP corals retained high zooxanthellae densities and their linear extension and calcification rates were up to ten times higher than in the other treatments. HNLP and LNLP corals bleached through loss of symbionts. The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of residual symbionts in HNLP corals was significantly reduced, indicating P-starvation. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) of the skeletal microstructure revealed that reduced linear extension in nutrient limited or nutrient starved conditions (HNLP, LNHP, LNLP) was associated with significant thickening of skeletal elements and reduced porosity. These changes can be explained by the strongly reduced linear extension rate in combination with a smaller reduction in the calcification rate. Studies using increased skeletal density as a proxy for past thermal bleaching events should consider that such an increase in density may also be associated with temperature-independent response to the nutrient environment. Furthermore, the taxonomy of corals and seawater N:P stoichiometry should be considered when analysing and managing the impacts of nutrient pollution.

Impact of calcareous concretions on soil shrinkage of a Vertisol and their relation model development

Shajiang black soil (Vertisol) has a high shrinkage capacity and contains many calcareous concretions (CC). We assume the volume of CC to be rigid during wetting and drying cycles. Thus, the soil containing CC may have different shrinkage behavior from that of fine soils (without CC). We aimed to quantify the effects of CC content and size on soil shrinkage behavior, as well as to develop a model to characterize the relationship among the void ratio (e), moisture ratio (υ), and solid volume of CC (Csv) in Shajiang black soil. Four different sizes (2–5, 5–10, 10–20 and, 20–30 mm) of the CC at a rate of 10% on mass, and four different contents (0, 5%, 10%, and 20% on mass) of 5–10 mm CCs were mixed into the fine soils to prepare the CC-soil mixtures. Our results showed that the increasing CC content significantly reduced the saturated void ratio (es), coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), and shrinkage index of all pores except the medium pores (P < 0.05), but the CC size did not. The shrinkage curves of the CC–soil mixtures were proportional to that of the fine soil, which was modified by the portion of CC volume in the CC–soil mixtures. We proposed a new numerical equation based on Peng and Horn shrinkage model (2005) to illustrate the relationship among e– υ –Csv. The shrinkage curve of the CC–soil mixture was predicted well (R2 = 0.95–0.98) by the new model based on that of fine soil and the CC volume modification. However, the proposed model underestimated the volume change for the dry side of the shrinkage curve, in which the swelling and shrinkage of fine soil matrix among CCs were partially concealed. Our work demonstrates that the CC in the Shajiang black soil does not change soil shrinkage behavior except the modification of void ratio, and thus its shrinkage curve can be estimated from that of the non-CC soil. It can be concluded that this study provides a useful model for estimating the shrinkage behavior of soils containing rigid coarse inclusions.

High-efficiency and low roll-off deep-blue OLEDs enabled by thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter with preferred horizontal dipole orientation

• Molecular engineering by linear extension resulted in two blue TADF emitters. • The two emitters exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yields and preferred horizontal dipole orientation. • Deep-blue TADF OLEDs achieved external quantum efficiency of up to 29.3% and low efficiency roll-off. Highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high horizontal dipole orientation (Θ // ) remain a big challenge due to the concentration quenching effects and serious efficiency roll-offs in their corresponding organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). We herein report two novel TADF compounds, namely 2TDBA-SBA and TDBA-SBA, which were facilely synthesized by utilizing a rigid oxygen-bridged cyclized triarylboron-based unit (TDBA) as the acceptor and a spiro acridine (SBA) as the donor. Benefiting from the rigid and planar skeleton of the acceptor and the linear molecular shape, high Θ // s and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of ∼ 90% were achieved. Significantly, TDBA-SBA exhibited excellent TADF properties with a short delayed fluorescence lifetime of only 684 ns and narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 44 nm in solution state, accompanied by the high PLQYs of over 80% at high doping concentrations, manifesting the alleviated exciton quenching effects. Consequently, OLEDs based on TDBA-SBA achieved a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 29.3% and a maximum brightness of 27663 cd cm −2 . Importantly, an EQE over 20% was realized even at the high brightness of 10000 cd cm −2 , signifying a small efficiency roll-off.

Chromite Composition and Platinum-Group Element Distribution in the Proterozoic Chimalpahad Anorthosite Complex, South India: Implications for Magmatic Processes and Discrimination of Tectonic Setting

Abstract The Proterozoic Chimalpahad Anorthosite Complex (CAC) is a deformed and dismembered complex in South India comprising of anorthosite-leucogabbro-gabbro-ultramafic rocks. It is located in the Nellore-Khammam Schist Belt (NKSB) within the contact zone between the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the Eastern Ghats Belt (EGB). The chromitites occur as small dismembered lensoidal bodies within the ultramafic rocks. Presence of micrometric inclusions of iridium-like platinum-group minerals (IPGM), such as laurite (RuS2), erlichmanite (OsS2), irarsite (IrAsS), and Ir-Os-Ru alloys, is reported for the first time in the CAC chromites. The chromite cumulates preserve magmatic character (Cr#: 0.61 to 0.77; Mg#: 0.29 to 0.55), while disseminated chromites and rims of some grains (Cr#: 0.59 to 0.89; Mg#: 0.10 to 0.25) show postmagmatic modifications. The chromites are characterised by higher Cr and Al contents and lower Fe and Ti contents. The mineral chemistry of chromites such as Cr# and Mg# contents of Al2O3 (10.05–20.07 wt.%) and TiO2 (0.1 to 0.25 wt.%) typically suggests that the CAC chromitites and their ultramafic hosts were generated from the S-undersaturated boninite melt in a magmatic arc in suprasubduction tectonic setting. A general negative slope of bulk-rock PGE distribution with upward convex pattern is observed for the CAC chromitites in the chondrite-normalized plot. These geochemical and mineral chemical characters in addition to location of the chromitites and the CAC in the tectonic zone between Eastern Dharwar Craton and Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt point towards ophiolitic affinity of the CAC chromitites. Laurite (RuS2) grains are trapped close to the cores of chromites, whereas erlichmanites (OsS2) are trapped away from the cores. Textural relations indicate primary orthomagmatic nature of laurite and Or-Ir-Ru alloys and their precipitation prior to or concomitant with chromite from an S-undersaturated melt at ~1200–1300°C and log fS2 varying between −2 and −1.3. Ru-Os disulfide and erlichmanite crystallized subsequently with a gradual decrease in temperature in the differentiating ultramafic magma. Precipitation of irarsite and base-metal sulfides can be attributed to local and rapid fluctuations of temperature, fS2, and fAs during the formation of the chromitites due to influx of fresh batch of melts or crystallization in an open magmatic system. The compositional variations of laurite-erlichmanite record heterogeneous physicochemical environment during their crystallization. In addition to zoning, preservation of IPGMs in the CAC chromites points towards fast cooling of the magma possibly associated with rapid exhumation of the chromitites and their ultramafic hosts from the roots of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) towards their final emplacement into the crust. Occurrence of the CAC along a linear extension with the Kondapalli Ultramafic Complex and deformed remnants of ophiolites (Kandra and Kanigiri complexes) along the eastern margin of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) bordering the Eastern Ghats Belt (EGB) indicates this zone to be a Proterozoic convergent margin.

Evaluation of tree-based statistical learning methods for constructing genetic risk scores

BackgroundGenetic risk scores (GRS) summarize genetic features such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a single statistic with respect to a given trait. So far, GRS are typically built using generalized linear models or regularized extensions. However, these linear methods are usually not able to incorporate gene-gene interactions or non-linear SNP-response relationships. Tree-based statistical learning methods such as random forests and logic regression may be an alternative to such regularized-regression-based methods and are investigated in this article. Moreover, we consider modifications of random forests and logic regression for the construction of GRS.ResultsIn an extensive simulation study and an application to a real data set from a German cohort study, we show that both tree-based approaches can outperform elastic net when constructing GRS for binary traits. Especially a modification of logic regression called logic bagging could induce comparatively high predictive power as measured by the area under the curve and the statistical power. Even when considering no epistatic interaction effects but only marginal genetic effects, the regularized regression method lead in most cases to inferior results.ConclusionsWhen constructing GRS, we recommend taking random forests and logic bagging into account, in particular, if it can be assumed that possibly unknown epistasis between SNPs is present. To develop the best possible prediction models, extensive joint hyperparameter optimizations should be conducted.

A Molecular-Switch-Embedded Organic Photodiode for Capturing Images against Strong Backlight.

When the intensity of the incident light increases, the photocurrents of organic photodiodes (OPDs) exhibit relatively early saturation, due to which OPDs cannot easily detect objects against strong backlights, such as sunlight. In this study, this problem is addressed by introducing a light-intensity-dependent transition of the operation mode, such that the operation mode of the OPD autonomously changes to overcome early photocurrent saturation as the incident light intensity passes the threshold intensity. The photoactive layer is doped with a strategically designed and synthesized molecular switch, 1,2-bis-(2-methyl-5-(4-cyanobiphenyl)-3-thienyl)tetrafluorobenzene (DAB). The proposed OPD exhibits a typical OPD performance with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of <100% and a photomultiplication behavior with an EQE of >100% under low-intensity and high-intensity light illuminations, respectively, thereby resulting in an extension of the photoresponse linearity to a light intensity of 434mW cm-2 . This unique and reversible transition of the operation mode can be explained by the unbalanced quantum yield of photocyclization/photocycloreversion of the molecular switch. The details of the operation mechanism are discussed in conjunction with various photophysical analyses. Furthermore, they establish a prototype image sensor with an array of molecular-switch-embedded OPD pixels to demonstrate their extremely high sensitivity against strong light illumination.

Fast and Simple Solutions of Blotto Games

The Colonel Blotto game (initially introduced by Borel in 1921) is commonly used for analyzing a wide range of applications from the U.S.Ppresidential election to innovative technology competitions to advertising, sports, and politics. After around a century Ahmadinejad et al. provided the first polynomial-time algorithm for computing the Nash equilibria in Colonel Blotto games. However, their algorithm consists of an exponential-size LP solved by the ellipsoid method, which is highly impractical. In “Fast and Simple Solutions of Blotto Games,” Behnezhad, Dehghani, Derakhshan, Hajighayi, and Seddighin provide the first polynomial-size LP formulation of the optimal strategies for the Colonel Blotto game using linear extension techniques. They use this polynomial-size LP to provide a simpler and significantly faster algorithm for finding optimal strategies of the Colonel Blotto game. They further show this representation is asymptotically tight, which means there exists no other linear representation of the strategy space with fewer constraints.

On equivalent classes of minimal Abelian codes

Let Fq be a finite field and G a finite abelian group. An abelian code is an ideal of Fq[G]. Two abelian codes c1 and c2 of Fq[G] are equivalent if there exists an automorphism of G whose linear extension to Fq[G] maps c1 onto c2. MacWilliams determined the number of equivalent classes of minimal abelian codes (minimal ideals) in F2[G] for cyclic group G of odd cardinality. Miller claimed that MacWilliams' result remains true in general, which is however not correct as pointed out by Ferraz, Guerreiro and Polcino Milies. In this paper we completely determine the number of equivalent classes of minimal abelian codes for any Fq[G].

Convergence Analysis and Numerical Studies for Linearly Elastic Peridynamics with Dirichlet-Type Boundary Conditions

The nonlocal models of peridynamics have successfully predicted fractures and deformations for a variety of materials. In contrast to local mechanics, peridynamic boundary conditions must be defined on a finite volume region outside the body. Therefore, theoretical and numerical challenges arise in order to properly formulate Dirichlet-type nonlocal boundary conditions, while connecting them to the local counterparts. While a careless imposition of local boundary conditions leads to a smaller effective material stiffness close to the boundary and an artificial softening of the material, several strategies were proposed to avoid this unphysical surface effect. In this work, we study convergence of solutions to nonlocal state-based linear elastic model to their local counterparts as the interaction horizon vanishes, under different formulations and smoothness assumptions for nonlocal Dirichlet-type boundary conditions. Our results provide explicit rates of convergence that are sensitive to the compatibility of the nonlocal boundary data and the extension of the solution for the local model. In particular, under appropriate assumptions, constant extensions yield \(\frac{1}{2}\) order convergence rates and linear extensions yield \(\frac{3}{2}\) order convergence rates. With smooth extensions, these rates are improved to quadratic convergence. We illustrate the theory for any dimension \(d\ge 2\) and numerically verify the convergence rates with a number of two-dimensional benchmarks, including linear patch tests, manufactured solutions, and domains with curvilinear surfaces. Numerical results show a first-order convergence for constant extensions and second-order convergence for linear extensions, which suggests a possible room of improvement in the future convergence analysis.

Performance improvement of a desiccant based cooling system by mitigation of non-uniform illumination on the coupled low concentrating photovoltaic thermal units

A Low Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal system typically employs compound parabolic concentrator to focus sunlight and enhance the quality of both thermal and electrical energy extracted. One of the major issues during this process is the introduction of non-uniform illumination on the photovoltaic panels which can cause hot-spots and significantly reduce both the reliability and the electrical output from this system. This non-uniform illumination can be mitigated by integrating homogenizers which are typically linear extensions to the compound parabolic concentrators profile also referred to as elongated compound parabolic concentrators. In this work, the performance of a 2.5× Elongated Compound Parabolic Concentrator truncated to 1.7× and connected to a desiccant based cooling system has been explored. For a detailed analysis of the system, a coupled 3-D optical, electrical, thermal and process efficiency model has been developed. A full-scale prototype of the modelled system is also fabricated using a 380-Watt peak photovoltaic panel. Experiments conducted on the developed system showed a peak outlet water temperature of 56 °C at a mass flowrate of 24 L per hour. Comparative studies between compound parabolic concentrators and elongated compound parabolic concentrators based low concentrating photovoltaic thermal system is also presented to showcase the overall improvement in the process efficiency due to the mitigation of non-uniformity. Using a 400 mm length of the homogenizer the spatial non-uniformity factor was found to drop from 0.5 to 0.29 under normal incidence angle and results in a rise of 12% in the electrical output when compared to a compound parabolic concentrators-based system. The coefficient of performance of the desiccant-based air-cooling system is found to increase by 50% when coupled with two series-connected elongated compound parabolic concentrators based low concentrating photovoltaic thermal system. The improvement in coefficient of performance is mainly because of thermal and electrical energy savings from the developed system amounting to 352 kWhe/year and 665 kWhth/year, respectively. Further, the mitigation of non-uniform illumination showed a performance improvement of 5% in the coefficient of performance of the air-cooling system compared to a compound parabolic concentrators-based system.