Linear Coefficient Research Articles

Investigation of Nonlinear Optical Properties of NiO Nanoparticles using the Z-Scan Technique

In this research, linear and nonlinear optical properties of NiO nanoparticles (NPs) dissolved in ethanol were investigated. Linear optical characteristics of NiO NPs were studied using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linear absorption coefficient (α0) was 0.88 and 0.57 cm-1 at 405 and 532 nm wavelengths, respectively. The band gap energy rose from 3.56 eV for a sample with a 10-7 g/ml concentration to 3.92 eV for the 10-3 g/ml concentration sample. Using the Z-scan technique, the nonlinear optical characteristics of the NPs were investigated. Two continuous wave laser diodes with 405 and 532 nm wavelengths and different powers were used. The Z-scan system with a closed aperture revealed that NiO NPs have a negative n2 (self-defocusing effect) at various laser powers. n2 increases as the power of the laser increases. The value of n2 was found to be 0.51×10-4 cm2/mW at a wavelength of 405 nm and a power of 0.33 mW. It improved as the laser power increased, reaching a maximum of 0.64×10-4 cm2/mW at a laser power of 1.51 mW. For the laser with a wavelength of 532 nm, the n2 value was 0.27×10-4 cm2/mW for a laser power of 1.01 mW. This value increased to 0.76×10-4 cm2/mW when the laser power increased to 6.2 mW. As measured by the Z-scan system with an open aperture, NiO NPs have a nonlinear absorption coefficient and display a two-photon absorption behavior.

Peculiarities of cerebral blood flow and vascular reactivity in patients with large and giant tumors of the cerebello-pontine angle

Background. Vestibular schwannomas and posterior fossa meningiomas are one of the most difficult tumors for surgical treatment. The mortality rate after their removal reaches 13,5 %. The main causes of death are hemorrhagic and ischemic complications. There are no studies in the literature on tissue perfusion of brainstem structures and cerebellum and reactivity of vertebral and basilar arteries in patients with extraaxial tumors of the posterior cranial fossa. Therefore, the study of the blood supply of the brainstem structures and cerebellum, as well as the functional characteristics of the vertebral and basilar arteries in these patients is of considerable interest.Aim. To evaluate tissue perfusion of the pons and cerebellum, as well asthe reactivity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in patients with large and giant vestibular schwannomas and posterior fossa meningiomas.Materials and methods. Eighty-two patients with large and giant extraaxial tumors of the base of the posterior cranial fossa were examined. The median age was 54 [44; 61] years. Vestibular schwannomas were diagnosed in 52.4 % of patients, and meningiomas of the posterior cranial fossa were diagnosed in 47.6 %. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the basilar and vertebral arteries. We evaluated linear blood flow and coefficients of reactivity and index of vasomotor reactivity. We investigated the metabolic reactivity of cerebral blood flow by conducting hyper- and hypocapnic tests. Computed tomography perfusion imaging was performed in 18 patients. We detected cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, mean transit time of contrast agent and time to peak of contrast agent. Measurements were carried out in six regions of interest located symmetrically on the pons and in the white matter of the cerebellar hemispheres on the side of the tumor and on the opposite side.Results. Linear blood flow rates in the intracranial segments of the vertebral and the basilar arteries in patients with tumors were higher than in the comparison group (p<0.05). These patients are characterized by a decrease of reactivity coefficients in the vertebral and basilar arteries, especially when performing hypercapnic tests (p <0.05). Paradoxical reactivity and areactivity were diagnosed in 34.9 % of patients with vestibularschwannomas and 25.6 % with meningiomas. In the pons on the side of the tumor in patients with vestibularschwannomas, a decrease in cerebral blood flow by 19.3 %, an increase in cerebral blood volume by 33.3 % and an increase in mean transit time of contrast agent and in time to peak of contrast agent by 48.1 % and 71.1 % (p <0.05) were found. In patients with meningiomas in the pons on the side of the tumor, all perfusion parameters were higher (p<0.05). In the deep regions of the cerebellar hemisphere on the side of the tumor in patients with tumors, all perfusion parameters were higher compared to the opposite side.Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to quantify cerebral blood flow in patients with large and giant vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas of the posterior cranial fossa base. The revealed changes indicate the risk of developing pathological vascular reactions and disorders of cerebral blood flow in the postoperative period.

Investigation of the radiosensitive properties of curcumin and temozolomide

Radiotherapy, one of the cancer treatment strategies, uses ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells. It is very important to know the photon interaction parameters of curcumin, which has both anti-cancer and cancer-protective properties, to determine the penetration and energy accumulation in the interaction of radiation with tissue. In this work, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC, μ), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC, μ/ρ), mean free path (MFP), half value layer (HVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and electron density (Nel) of curcumin and temozolomide have been determined experimentally at 53.16 keV, 80.99 keV, 276.39 keV, 302.85 keV, 356.61 keV and 383.84 keV photon energies emitted from Ba133 point source by using the ULEGe detector. Besides, the radiation interaction parameters were calculated theoretically using the EpiXS software program. Also, the exposure buildup factors (EBF and EABF) of these compounds were determined up to 40 mfp in the energy range 0.015–15 MeV. The experimental and theoretical mass attenuation coefficients have been found to agree. The gamma-ray absorption efficiency of curcumin is approximately 3.89% higher than that of temozolomide. Temozolomide has approximately 25.6% higher fast neutron removal cross-section than curcumin.

First Principles Calculation of the Effect of Cu Doping on the Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Au-2.0Ni Solder.

To meet the demands for high-temperature performance and lightweight materials in aerospace engineering, the Au-Ni solder is often utilized for joining dissimilar materials, such as Ti3Al-based alloys and Ni-based high-temperature alloys. However, the interaction between Ti and Ni can lead to the formation of brittle phases, like Ti2Ni, TiNi, and TiNi3, which diminish the mechanical properties of the joint and increase the risk of crack formation during the welding process. Cu doping has been shown to enhance the mechanical properties and high-temperature stability of the Au-Ni brazed joint's central area. Due to the difficulty in accurately controlling the solid solution content of Cu in the Au-Ni alloy, along with the high cost of Au, traditional experimental trial-and-error methods are insufficient for the development of Au-based solders. In this study, first principles calculations based on density functional theory were employed to analyze the effect of Cu content on the stability of the Au-2.0Ni-xCu (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 wt%) alloy phase structure. The thermal properties of the alloy were determined using Gibbs software fitting. The results indicate that the Au-2.0Ni-0.25Cu alloy exhibits the highest plastic toughness (B/G = 5.601, ν = 0.416, Cauchy pressure = 73.676 GPa) and a hardness of 1.17 GPa, which is 80% higher than that of Au-2.0Ni. This alloy balances excellent strength and plastic toughness, meeting the mechanical performance requirements of brazed joints. The constant pressure specific heat capacity (Cp) of the Au-2.0Ni-xCu alloy is higher than that of Au-2.0Ni and increases with Cu content. At 1000 K, the Cp of the Au-2.0Ni-0.25Cu alloy is 35.606 J·mol-1·K-1, which is 5.88% higher than that of Au-2.0Ni. The higher Cp contributes to enhanced high-temperature stability. Moreover, the linear expansion coefficient (CTE) of the Au-2.0Ni-0.25Cu alloy at 1000 K is 8.76 × 10-5·K-1, only 0.68% higher than Au-2.0Ni. The lower CTE helps to reduce the risk of solder damage caused by thermal stress. Therefore, the Au-2.0Ni-0.25Cu alloy is more suitable for brazing applications in high-temperature environments due to its excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the performance optimization and engineering application of the Au-2.0Ni-xCu alloy as a gold-based solder.

Innovative radiation shielding material with flexible lightweight and low cost from shrimp shells waste

This study explores an innovative approach to developing radiation shielding materials using shrimp shell waste. The research investigates the feasibility of incorporating shrimp shells into a silicone rubber matrix to create a flexible, lightweight, and cost-effective radiation shielding material. Shrimp shells, rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of 13.90%, offers promising properties for radiation attenuation. Through a series of experiments and characterization techniques, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effectiveness of the composite material in attenuating radiation is evaluated. The results demonstrate that as the shrimp shell concentration rose from 25% to 75%, the absorbed radiation increased from 9.27% to 82.39% (40 kVp) and from 1.88% to 30.22% (120 kVp), while the linear coefficient also increased, attributed to the presence of CaCO3. This novel radiation shielding material presents a sustainable solution by repurposing shrimp shell waste while offering a flexible, lightweight, and cost-effective shielding for various radiation applications.

Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai CV. Santoso Teknik Karawang

The purpose of this research is to find out how employees perform at CV. Santoso Teknik Karawang is influenced by communication and the work environment. Descriptive and verification methods using a quantitative approach are the research methodology used. The population of this study was 50 employees or all CV employees. Santoso Engineering Karawang. Non-probability sampling techniques are applied in the sampling process because each member is sampled. A Likert scale questionnaire was used as part of the data collection method. Validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, t test, f test, and determinant coefficients are some of the data analysis techniques used and processed with the SPSS version 22 application. The findings from the t-test show that communication has a partially significant effect on employee performance, while the work environment does not have a significant effect on employee performance. The f-test of this research shows communication and work environment at CV. Santoso Teknik Karawang simultaneously has a significant effect on the performance of CV employees. Santoso Engineering Karawang.

Pengaruh Kepuasan Wajib Pajak, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dan Kualitas Pelayanan Petugas Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak: Studi Kasus di Kantor Samsat Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of taxpayer satisfaction, taxpayer compliance and the quality of tax officer services on tax revenues (case study at the Bengkulu City Samsat office in 2024). The analytical tools used in this research are quantitative analysis (Validity and Reliability Test), multicollinearity analysis, multiple linear regression, partial test (t test), simultaneous test (f test) and coefficient of determination. The method used in this research is a quantitative method and an association survey with a quantitative approach. The population that the researchers will use is 233,164 vehicle taxpayers at the Bengkulu City Samsat office in 2024. The sampling technique used in this research is the purposive sampling method. The sample taken in this research was 100 taxpayers at the Bengkulu City Samsat office. Data collection techniques use questionnaires or questionnaires with a Likert scale. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis and hypotheses using the t test and f test. Simultaneously, the influence of taxpayer satisfaction, taxpayer compliance and tax service quality has a significant effect with an f count of 6,690 on tax revenues. Partially, it shows that the influence of taxpayer satisfaction, taxpayer compliance has a significant effect on tax revenue, while the quality of tax officer service does not have a significant effect on tax revenue.

Pengaruh Motivasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan CV. Santoso Teknik Karawang

The main objective of this research is to assess the individual and combined impact of work discipline and work motivation on employee performance at CV Santoso Teknik Karawang. Descriptive and verification strategies were used in the quantitative analysis of this research. Fifty people from CV Santoso Teknik Karawang became the population or research subjects. Sampling using saturated sampling means conducting a survey of all workers at CV. Santoso Teknik Karawang has fifty employees. Data were collected via a Google Forms survey in which various items were rated using a Likert scale. Various data validity and reliability tests, as well as classic assumption tests are available in the SPSS version 22 application. Multiple linear regression, t-test, f-test, and coefficient of determination are part of this series of tests. Motivation and work discipline partially influence employee performance, based on the results of the t test. Apart from that, the f test confirms that there is a significant simultaneous influence between motivation and work discipline on the performance of CV Santoso Teknik Karawang..

Pengaruh Celebrity endorser dan Iklan Produk Terhadap Brand awareness Produk Scarlett Whitenin di Surabaya

The aim of the research is to see the influence of celebrity endorsers and product advertising on Scarlett Whitening brand awareness. The selected population is Scarlett Whitening users in Surabaya and have purchased and used Scarlett whitening products. The sample was taken from 100 respondents who were consumers of Scarlett whitening products in Surabaya. The sampling technique uses a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling approach. The type of research is associative research with a quantitative approach. Hypothesis testing includes Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Test, t Test, f Test and Coefficient of Determination Test. The research results show that celebrity endorsers and product advertisements simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on brand awareness by obtaining a fcount of 19.866. Meanwhile, partially, the two independent variables have a positive and significant effect on brand awareness by obtaining Celebrity Endorser tcount of 4.546 and product advertising tcount of 4.431.

Origin of zero thermal expansion in an average cubic structure in Pb-free relaxor ferroelectrics

This study presents “K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based” Pb-free smart material 0.80(K0.5Na0.5NbO3)–0.20(Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3) (KBST20) as exhibiting zero thermal expansion (ZTE) at low temperatures (T≤ 100 K) with long-range cubic symmetry stable over a wide temperature range (9 K ≤T≤ 500 K). The linear coefficient of the thermal expansion (αl) obtained from temperature-dependent neutron diffraction data is in the range of 0.255–5.75 × 10−6 K–1 (9–500 K), which is rarely observed for Pb-free materials possessing long-range cubic symmetry. The temperature-dependent dielectric data of KBST20 exhibits a strong relaxational behavior with high frequency dispersion (ΔT≈ 27 K), suggesting the presence of polar phased regions known as polar nano regions. The ZTE has been attributed to enhanced correlations among PNRs exhibiting ferroelectrostriction. Furthermore, temperature-dependent Raman scattering data reveal polar monoclinic distortion at short ranges rather than cubic symmetry at long ranges. In addition, the intensity of Raman modes increases with the decrease in temperature, suggesting enhancement of the polar phase at low temperatures, which consequently leads to zero thermal expansion in KBST20.

Investigation of the gamma ray shielding properties of Epoxy based on Bi2O3/GO nanocomposite

Abstract One of the important carbon materials, graphene oxide (GO), has several oxygen-containing functional groups. Due to its unique structure, it has attracted increasing interest in multidisciplinary studies of physical and chemical attributes. In this work, Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3) is prepared and functionalized with graphene oxide nanosheets (Bi2O3-GO). The Bi2O3 and Bi2O3-GO nanocomposite were mixed with epoxy by changing the percentages to 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. The study used a hyper-pure germanium detector to investigate the attenuation characteristics of the prepared samples. Ba133, Cs137, and Co60 point sources were used at photon energies of 81, 276, 302, 356, and 383 keV for Ba133, 661 keV for Cs137, and 1173 and 1332 keV for Co60. The linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and tenth-value layer were estimated to investigate the radiation shielding characteristics of the prepared samples. The linear attenuation coefficient (μ) values varied from 0.45 to 0.88, 0.23 to 0.89, and 0.31 to 0.77 for Ba133, Cs137, and Co60, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient (μm) values varied from 0.18 to 0.50, 0.19 to 0.50, and 0.15 to 0.50 for Ba133, Cs137, and Co60, respectively. Half-value layer (HVL) values varied from 0.79 to 1.55, 0.78 to 3.07, and 0.9 to 2.26 for Ba133, Cs137, and Co60, respectively. Tenth-value layer (TVL) values varied from 2.61 to 5.16, 2.58 to 10.19, and 2.98 to 7.51 for Ba133, Cs137, and Co60, respectively.

The relationships between tensile strength, mode I and mode II fracture toughness of rock: An empirical and microcracking perspective

The empirical relationships between tensile strength, mode I and mode II fracture toughness obtained by previous studies have the problem of a small amount of data for fitting, and more data are needed for further study. There is a discrepancy between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results of the relationship between mode II and mode I fracture toughness. Because of this, a review is conducted to determine the relationships among tensile strength, mode I fracture toughness, and mode II fracture toughness from the data gathered from the available literature. The results indicate that the mode I and mode II fracture toughness have linear relationships with tensile strength with the linear coefficient of 0.141 and 0.219, respectively. The linear coefficient between mode II and mode I fracture toughness is 2.389, indicating that the classical mixed mode criteria are mistaken the empirical relationship between mode II and mode I fracture toughness. The microcracking mechanism and failure model are quantified and compared in detail among tensile test, mode I and mode II fracture toughness tests based on moment tensor. It found that the nature of the source can be related to each other, which gives some light on the reason for the existence of certain relationships between these macroscopic parameters from a microcracking perspective.

Using machine learning to predict gamma shielding properties: a comparative study

Abstract This study employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) of materials in inorganic scintillation detectors, which are crucial for evaluating self-shielding properties. Predictions from various ML models were compared with results from the Phy-X/PSD program across different photon energies. The Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model was identified as the most accurate model, achieving a testing set accuracy of 96.40%. This research showcases the potential of ML for efficiently and accurately estimating LACs, with the GBR model showing promise for applications in radiation detection and material science.

A New Method for Temperature Dependent COM Parameters Extraction and Its Application to Simulation of SAW Devices

Abstract Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters are widely used in mobile communication systems due to their superior performance. Yet, application scenarios for these SAW devices can be limited by temperature stability. The coupling of modes (COM) model is proved to be an efficient modeling approach to design SAW devices at present. However, temperature dependent COM parameter extraction is still absent. This work proposed a new method combining COM model with quasi-3D periodic finite element method (FEM) model coupled with thermal field, which can accurately and rapidly simulate and optimize the temperature stability of SAW devices. The COM parameters extraction method used in this study mainly depends on harmonic admittance. For a given temperature (T), the thermal effect can be computed by incorporating the linear thermal expansion coefficients and temperature coefficients of elasticity into the model. For validation, the admittance responses of a finite-length SAW resonator and the S-parameter of a double-mode SAW (DMS) for 42º YX-LiTaO3 piezoelectric substrate are calculated by using P-Matrix with the extracted COM parameters. For validation, the admittance responses of a SAW resonator on 42º YX-LiTaO3 under different temperature conditions is calculated. Furthermore, the temperature behaviors of a DMS filter on 42º YX-LiTaO3 are also analyzed based on the proposed method. Accurate predictions of the temperature behaviors for both resonator and filter were achieved and discussed. This investigation provides guidelines for design of high-performance SAW devices with good temperature stability.

Optical absorption coefficient of a hydrogenic impurity in a surface quantum well

In this study, the first excited state binding energy and the linear, non-linear and total optical absorption coefficients (OAC) of a hydrogenic impurity in a surface quantum well (SQW) of the type vacuum/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs are calculated as functions of the incident photon energy, the Al content and the well width using a variational method within the effective mass approximation. The results show that the first excited state energy and the linear, non-linear and total OAC are strongly influenced by variations in the well width, and only a slight, yet interesting, impact of the Al content is observed. A redshift in the extreme values of the linear, non-linear and total OAC is found for a SQW with fixed Al content and variable width, whereas no significant variation is observed in the reciprocal system of fixed width and variable Al content.

The Influence of Work Discipline, Organizational Culture, Quality of Work Life, and Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction (Study of SL Corp Indonesia Employees in the Purwokerto Area)

This research aims to determine the influence of work discipline, organizational culture, quality of work life, and work motivation on job satisfaction among SL Corp employees. Using Quantitative Methods with a population of 154 employees and a sample of 111 employees. Questionnaires were distributed in March-May. This research includes descriptive statistics, reliability, and basic assumptions: normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Model feasibility, multiple linear regression test, partial, and coefficient of determination R2 using the SPSS 26 analysis tool. The results of the analysis show that work discipline, organizational culture, and quality of work life have no effect on job satisfaction. Meanwhile, work motivation has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction and has important implications in managing human resources and increasing satisfaction among SL Corp employees.

The Impact of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at Maya Sanur Resort & Spa

Abstract Introduction: Human resources are a crucial asset for the success of a business, particularly for hotels. The performance of employees significantly influences a company's success; as good employee performance can facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. This study aims to investigate the effect of motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance at Maya Sanur Resort & Spa. Methodology: Using the purposive sampling method, 104 respondents from Maya Sanur Resort & Spa in Bali were selected to participate. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire containing 32 indicators, was distributed from March to June 2024. The data was analysed using multiple linear regression, t-test, f-test, and coefficient of determination with the SPSS 23 Windows version. Findings: Motivation variable (X1) has a partially positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a t-count greater than the t-table value (3.607 > 1.659) and a significant value of 0.000. Similarly, the job satisfaction variable (X2) has a partially positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a t-count greater than the t-table value (3.324 > 1.659) and a significant value of 0.001. Additionally, the motivation and job satisfaction variables simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance, with an F-count greater than the F-table value (204.670 > 3.933) and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: Motivation and job satisfaction partially or simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance. This suggests that both motivation and job satisfaction are crucial factors in enhancing employee productivity and overall organizational success. Keywords: Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance

A Comparative Analysis of Drinking Water Provision and Hepatitis A Incidence in Uzbekistan in 2010-2023.

Objective This study aims to analyze the relationship between access to safe drinking water and the incidence of hepatitis A in Uzbekistan from 2010 to 2023to inform public health strategies for disease prevention. Methods We utilized hepatitis A incidence data from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being and Public Health Authority and drinking water provision data from the Government Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan. A linear regression analysis was performed using R 4.3.2 to investigate the correlation between these variables. The study examined hepatitis A cases per 100,000 population and the percentage of households with access to safe drinking water. Results Hepatitis A incidence fluctuated significantly over the study period, with a notable spike to 162 cases per 100,000 population in 2023, despite relatively stable access to safe drinking water (ranging from 67.4% to 77% of households). The analysis revealed a complex relationship between water access and hepatitis A incidence. The linear regression coefficient was 3.89 (adjusted R-squared: 0.3021, P-value: 0.02), indicating that each growing percent of water supply is raising the incidence of hepatitis 3.89 cases of hepatitis infection. Conclusion The reverse effect of water supply percentage and the incidence of hepatitis A incidence in Uzbekistan suggests that other factors play significant roles in disease transmission. These may include sanitation practices, hygiene behaviors, and vaccination coverage. The findings emphasize the need for a multifaceted approach to hepatitis A prevention, incorporating improved water infrastructure, enhanced sanitation, public education, and comprehensive vaccination programs. Further research is needed to identify specific determinants of hepatitis A transmission in Uzbekistan to guide targeted interventions and public health policies.

The Influence of Price and Location on Foreign Tourists' Purchase Interest at Fairfield by Marriott Bali Kuta Sunset Road

This study aims to determine the effect of price and location on the purchase interest of foreign tourists at Fairfield by Marriott Bali Kuta Sunset Road. The population in this study were foreign tourists who had an interest in staying at Fairfield by Marriott Bali Kuta Sunset Road. The data analysis techniques used in this study were Multiple Linear Regression, t-test, f-test and Determination Coefficient using the SPSS application. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the t-value> t-table = 5.521> 1.660 and the significance value <α = 0.00 <0.05 so it can be concluded that price and location have a positive and significant effect on the purchase interest of foreign tourists at Fairfield by Marriott Bali Kuta Sunset Road. Price and location have a strong influence on the dependent variable, namely the purchase interest of foreign tourists. When price and location have a strong influence, the purchase interest of foreign tourists will increase. The suggestion that can be given by the researcher is that Fairfield by Marriott Bali Kuta Sunset Road is expected to maintain the quality of products and services and maintain security around the hotel location and add shuttle car facilities to attract tourists' purchase interest.

Advanced polymeric matrix utilizing nanostructured bismuth and tungsten oxides for gamma rays shielding

In this study, the shielding properties of novel polymer composites, developed by integrating glycidyl methacrylate with nanoparticles of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and tungsten oxide (WO3), were explored. The ability of the composites to attenuate gamma radiation was evaluated by measuring the emissions from Ba-133, Co-60, Cs-137, and Na-22. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were obtained for both the pure polymer glycidyl methacrylate and the samples containing nanostructures of Bi2O3, Bi2O3/WO3, and WO3, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the samples. The incorporation of Bi2O3 and WO3 nanoparticles into the polymer glycidyl methacrylate matrix significantly enhanced the composites' ability to attenuate gamma radiation, as demonstrated by the increased linear and mass attenuation coefficients. The results showed good agreement between the experiment and the XCOM database. The composites exhibited significant efficiency in attenuating lower-energy gamma rays, which is particularly advantageous in the medical and nuclear industries.