Kinship Research Articles

Impact of Cultural Globalisation on Indian Youth: Facing the Challenges of Dialectical Identity

Modernization and Cultural Globalization both are processes through which Indian society is changing itself towards adapting modern rational values within the sphere of structural and institutional patterns of behavioral norms. While internalizing the values and norms of cultural globalization, Indian youth are facing the challenges of conflict between tradition and modernity which is somehow responsible for creating the crises of dialectical identity among youth. With the learning of values such as equality, freedom, egalitarian and rational approach towards life, individualism, economic progress, and secular belief, Indian youth still follow the traditional behavioral patterns due to structural (Caste system) and institutional (Family, kinship system) characteristics of society. This conflict generates the dialectical consciousness and identity feeling among youth in Indian Society. The objective of this paper is to analyze those factors and assumptions that are responsible for developing the dialectical identity crises in the personality system of Indian youth.

Menilik Kedudukan Hukum Waris Adat dalam Perspektif Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia

Inheritance is part of civil law which is a vital part of family law. Inheritance conflicts still often occur in society. Indonesia consists of many tribes, customs and cultures, giving rise to a diversity of habits in living life. The habits of these groups of people become different points of view in determining legal standards in meeting all the needs of citizens. The kinship system has a major influence on inheritance from customary inheritance law. The kinship system is drawn along three lines, namely patrilineal, matrilineal and parental kinship. The hierarchy of statutory regulations is an order that determines the priority of use of existing legal regulations, the application of which varies from higher rules to lower rules. The research uses normative juridical methods which are carried out using three research materials. Primary materials are in the form of laws, secondary materials are books or journals, and tertiary materials are dictionaries or encyclopedias. Recognition of the existence of indigenous peoples in Indonesia is guaranteed in the constitution in Article 18B Paragraph (2). Customary law is not formally accommodated in Law Number 12 of 2011 but its application is the same as other statutory regulations which have binding legal force. Indonesia itself does not yet have a national inheritance law. Settlement of customary inheritance disputes in Indonesia is carried out by means of consensus resolution, resolution through customary institutions, and also resolution through the courts.

Isotopic Evidence for Mobility in the Copper and Bronze Age Cemetery of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid): a Diachronic Approach Using Biological and Archaeological Variables

Over the last several decades, the application of aDNA and strontium isotope analyses on archaeologically recovered human remains has provided new avenues for the investigation of mobility in past societies. Data on human mobility can be valuable in the reconstruction of prehistoric residential patterns and kinship systems, which are at the center of human social organization and vary across time and space. In this paper, we aim to contribute to our understanding of mobility, residence, and kinship patterns in late Prehistoric Iberia (c. 3300–1400BC) by providing new strontium data on 44 individuals from the site of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid). The study presented here is multi-proxy and looks at these new data by interweaving biological, chronological, and archaeological information. This analysis found that 7/44 individuals buried at Humanejos could be identified as non-local to the necropolis. Although more men (n = 5) than women (n = 2) were found in the non-local category, and more non-local individuals were identified in the pre-Bell Beaker (n = 5) than in Bell Beaker (n = 1) or Bronze Age (n = 1), we find no statistically significant differences concerning sex or time period. This contrasts with other archaeological datasets for late prehistoric Europe which suggest higher female mobility, female exogamy, and male-centered residential patterns were common. At Humanejos, we have also identified one non-local female whose exceptional Beaker grave goods suggest she was an individual of special status, leading to additional questions about the relationships between gender, mobility, and social position in this region and time period.

Mitochondrial genomes provide new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Anthomyiidae (Insecta: Diptera)

Anthomyiidae is a cosmopolitan and diverse family of Calyptratae, and is routinely considered to play key roles in both ecology and agriculture. The higher-level phylogenetic classification of Anthomyiidae has been highly controversial, necessitating further molecular data for precise reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we successfully acquired and annotated 18 new mitogenomes of anthomyiids. Moreover, the mitogenomes of the following genera Eustalomyia, Hyporites, Leucophora, Emmesomyia and Eutrichota are reported for the first time. The 18 mitogenomes are compared with confamilial species to assess genetic variation and to better understand evolutionary relationships within the family Anthomyiidae. In comparisons among 13 mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCG), the calculation of evolutionary rate exhibited nad1 as the fastest evolving gene in Anthomyiidae. Among the anthomyiids investigated, cox2 and nad4 had the lowest genetic distance across the 13 PCGs, suggesting a high degree of conservation for these two genes. Herein, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of the newly sequenced mitogenomes along with 11 known anthomyiids to investigate the interrelationships of Anthomyiidae. Our results indicate that Anthomyiidae is a monophyletic lineage and sister group to Scathophagidae, confirming prior findings based on morphological and molecular analyses. We recovered two subfamilies as monophyletic (Myopininae, Pegomyinae) while Anthomyiinae was polyphyletic. The great species diversity of anthomyiid flies limits the availability of mitogenomes for accurately resolving the phylogeny of Anthomyiidae. Nonetheless, our study provides novel insight into the molecular taxonomy, evolution, and phylogeny of the family Anthomyiidae.

'Keeping it real': A qualitative exploration of preferences of people with lived experience for participation and active involvement in mental health research in Australia.

Historically, researchers have been apt at conducting research on, rather than with, the people who are the focus of their efforts. Such approaches often fail to effectively support and benefit the populations they are intended to. This study aimed to explore the preferences of people with lived experience for engagement with research either as research participants within studies, or through active involvement in mental health research. Data for this paper were collected in three separate lived experience agenda-setting studies conducted over a 9-year period from 2013 to 2022; twogroup discussions and an open-ended online survey. Data were combined and thematic analysis undertaken. Participants described the inclusion of lived experience as a critical ingredient and the highest level of knowledge and expertise in mental health research that should lead to knowledge generation and research agendas. Participants discussed the importance and value of research that enables sharing experiences and stories, expressed a need for flexibility in research methods for choice and agency, and support for greater active involvement of people with lived experience across all stages of research. Participants also spoke to the need for perspective and knowledge generated from people with lived experience to have equal power in research, making space for lived experience voices across multiple aspects of research, and greater respect and recognition of the value of lived experience. Lived experience in mental health research is coming of age, but dedicated, cocreated development is needed to get it right. People with lived experience increasingly understand the value their experiential knowledge brings to the mental health research effort, and describe a wide range of ways that researchers can support them to be research participants, and to get actively involved. Power-sharing, respect and recognition of lived experience as central to effective mental health research are the keys to 'keeping it real'. People with lived experience of mental health problems or distress either personally, and/or as carers, family and kinship group members, were involved in the coideation and codesign of this research. All authors identify as people with lived experience.

‘It Gives Great Relief to My Mind’ – Family Involvement at Children's Committal to the Sister of Mercy run Irish Industrial Schools, 1868–1936

This paper uses convent archive sources from five Irish Sisters of Mercy run industrial schools to examine the role of children's families at committal to the schools and explore how the sociocultural climate of Ireland at the time formed this experience. Such an analysis sheds light on the system's operation ‘from below’ and the variety of reasons, motivations, and emotions surrounding the committal process. It reveals the complicated nature of familial relations and facilitates a greater understanding of the behaviours, responses and protocols that arose from poverty and dependency. In doing so, it also progresses understandings of the power of those in control to influence such decisions as well as families' attempts to use the system as a strategy for survival.

Familial Relations of Russian Naval Officer N.V. Kopytov: based on Epistolary Sources of 1866-1897

The author in their work analyzes familial relations, gender roles and gender equality issues based on Vice Admiral N.V. Kopytov’s letters to his wife, letters currently being stored in his personal fund stored at the Russian State Archive of Navy. The novelty of the scientific usefulness of the letters is determined by their use as a source base for further historical analysis. The introduction of N.V. Kopytov’s personal letters into scientific use for the first time has allowed the authors and further researchers to obtain information to analyze a wide range of issues: including interpersonal communications, gender relations, everyday life, and professional activities. In addition, this research has allowed the analysis of the influence of peculiarities of mentality, class affiliation, financial situation on the character and main priorities of relationships in N.V. Kopytov’s family. Recent research interest in personal letters as historical sources of private origin and the epistolary genre is currently associated with the ability to identify common and specific features of intra-family communications of people of a certain social stratum and social status, in this particular case, the noble family of the Vice-Admiral of Navy. The study of the letters allows us to conclude that the Kopytov family was not typical of Russian society and was more of an equal partnership, despite the prevailing gender inequality enshrined in the legislation and in the mentality of the population of time. The authors have examined the causes of family relations which were considered progressive for the period under consideration, based on the equal division of gender roles and the position of spouses in joint decision-making.

Development Model of Gender Equality Study in Inheritance Distribution of Tanah Luwu Communities

This research’s aims are 1. analyze the Tanah Luwu people's inheritance distribution, 2. analyze the views of Gender Equality on how to distribute the inheritance of the Tanah Luwu Tribe community, 3. analyze the model for developing gender equality in the inheritance distribution system of the Tanah Luwu people. This study uses an explorative-qualitative research method that describes the development model of gender equality studies in the distribution of inheritance for the people of Tanah Luwu by studying inheritance cases enforced concerning parts and kinship systems. The study shows that the people of the Tanah Luwu tribe generally adhere to Islam; however, they still highly respect the customs passed down from generation to generation to their families, including in inheritance. Therefore, when asked about the inheritance laws that apply, they answer Islamic inheritance laws. However, they use inheritance laws according to their wishes or the appointing system and consider it fair. Gender equality views the inheritance distribution of the people of Tanah Luwu as unfair; thus, there is concern among the heirs. Tension can lead to conflicts or disputes. The gender equality development model is the conflict management and conflict transformation approach.

Topological structures and syntenic conservation in sea anemone genomes

There is currently little information about the evolution of gene clusters, genome architectures and karyotypes in early branching animals. Slowly evolving anthozoan cnidarians can be particularly informative about the evolution of these genome features. Here we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of two related anthozoans, the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Scolanthus callimorphus. We find a robust set of 15 chromosomes with a clear one-to-one correspondence between the two species. Both genomes show chromosomal conservation, allowing us to reconstruct ancestral cnidarian and metazoan chromosomal blocks, consisting of at least 19 and 16 ancestral linkage groups, respectively. We show that, in contrast to Bilateria, the Hox and NK clusters of investigated cnidarians are largely disintegrated, despite the presence of staggered hox/gbx expression in Nematostella. This loss of microsynteny conservation may be facilitated by shorter distances between cis-regulatory sequences and their cognate transcriptional start sites. We find no clear evidence for topologically associated domains, suggesting fundamental differences in long-range gene regulation compared to vertebrates. These data suggest that large sets of ancestral metazoan genes have been retained in ancestral linkage groups of some extant lineages; yet, higher order gene regulation with associated 3D architecture may have evolved only after the cnidarian-bilaterian split.

The Role of Subjective Norms in the Formation of Entrepreneurial Intention: The Case of a Matrilineal Society

The consideration of intention holds significant importance within the entrepreneurial process for individuals who are contemplating the initiation of a new business venture. It is the pre-self-employment contemplative process. The primary aim of this study is to examine and substantiate Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour model, specifically exploring the predictive nature of personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control in relation to entrepreneurial intention. Another part of this article will investigate and analyse the specific role that subjective norms play in the formation of the entrepreneurial intention of the youth within the context of a matrilineal society. The study pertains to 929 undergraduate and postgraduate students studying in various colleges and universities of Meghalaya. Statistical techniques such as path analysis, ANOVA and regression analysis are employed in the study. The findings of the study show that personal attitude and subjective norms have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the kinship system has an impact on subjective norms.

ANKAI SITELU: KOREOGRAFI TERINSPIRASI DARI SISTEM KEKERABATAN PADA MASYARAKAT KARO

Ankai sitelu is taken from the Batak Karo language, the word ankai means understanding and sitelu which means sitiga. If these three words are interpreted, they mean a dance that originates from understanding rakut sitelu. " ankai sitelu" is a dance work inspired by the Batak Karo kinship system, namely rakut sitelu. Rakut sitelu consists of sukut, kalimbubu, and anak beru. Sukut is the party who is the host in a traditional or ritual ceremony, kalimbubu is the party who is highly respected because he is considered to be the representative of dibata (god) on earth who gives tendi and blood, while anak beru is the party who does the sukut work in traditional ceremonies and rituals. This work takes the essence of balance in the rakut sitelu system with traditional karo dance movement patterns which are developed according to broader teba movement intensity, volume, level and time.
 Ankai Sitelu's work is a group choreography consisting of three female dancers, a total of three dancers who will be composed in a large group and small group composition by paying attention to the composition of the parts. The number of three dancers is analogous to three social positions in the Rakut Sitelu kinship system. This work uses the exploration method as an initial part in developing the creativity of the creation process, improvisation to find movements by chance or spontaneously, composition to arrange the movements that have been obtained, as well as periodic corrective evaluation of the process. This work is expected to provide information about the meaning and values contained in Rakut Sitelu.
 Keywords: Rakut sitelu, balance, Karo Batak tradition

Cultural Capital of Minangkabau Nomads in the 2019 Legislative Election in Indonesia

This study examined the cultural capital possessed by Minangkabau nomads as the candidates of the DPR-RI Legislature in the 2019 Legislative Elections. Minangkabau is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia which maintains a matrilineal kinship system and a tradition of merantau (travelling in pursuit of success). Merantau becomes a significant investment used by Minangkabau nomads to gain vote support for their candidacy as a member of the DPR-RI legislature in electoral political contestation, including the 2019 Legislative Election. The study utilized a qualitative descriptive method to collect data through interviews and documentation studies. The study results revealed that the figure of Minangkabau nomads candidates possessed the cultural capital and were able to manage this cultural capital to succeed in gaining significant victories in their respective constituency. The cultural capital of Minangkabau nomads could be seen from the two figures of Minangkabau nomads legislative candidates, namely Fadli Zon and Jon Erizal, including the institutionalized tradition of merantau, and the role Tungku Tigo Sajarangan (the traditional leaders) in the matrilineal kinship system. Through adequate cultural capital, the Minangkabau nomads were able to secure a big victory in their respective electoral districts.

Upaya Kampung Beting untuk Mencapai Ketangguhan terhadap Bencana Alam dan Sosial Berbasis Sistem Kekerabatan dan Gender

Title: The Efforts of Kampung Beting to Achieve Resilience to Natural and Social Disaster Based on Kinship System and Gender
 Kampung Beting in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, is an informal settlement area formed spontaneously in a community. This village has existed since establishing the Kadriyah Palace of the Pontianak Sultanate in 1771. Over time, Kampung Beting has changed from being used as a trading center to an informal settlement inhabited by migrants. Various problems accompany this development, including environmental sanitation problems that trigger natural disasters such as floods and social problems, especially crime in the settlement environment. This research aims to find out the resilience strategy of the Kampung Beting community in realizing a resilient environment against natural and social disasters based on the kinship system and gender. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis, which discusses data using relevant theories to the research objectives. Data were obtained through field observations and interviews with the Kadriyah Palace tourism manager and the Kapuas River tourism cafe manager. The respondents were selected based on their knowledge of Kampung Beting and the tourist café business. The results showed that the resilience of Kampung Beting in facing natural and social disasters was carried out through community adaptation to the environmental conditions of flood-prone homes due to poor sanitation and social inequality due to the increasing poverty rate.

FC31: Profiles of dementia caregivers according to psychosocial variables. Importance of kinship.

Objectives:Caring for a family member with dementia may have important negative psychological consequences on caregivers. The present study aims to analyze the existence of different profiles in family caregivers of people with dementia according to the levels manifested in different psychosocial variables, which are grouped into psychosocial variables (dysfunctional thoughts, familism, experiential avoidance) and resources (leisure and social support). In addition, it aims to study whether there are differences among those profiles in the levels of distress (depressive, anxious and guilt symptomatology) depending on the relationship of kinship with the cared-for person.Methods:288 family caregivers of people with dementia divided into four kinship groups (wives, husbands, sons and daughters) participated. Face-to-face interviews were conducted assessing sociodemographic variables, familism (family obligations), dysfunctional thoughts, experiential avoidance, leisure activities, perceived social support and depressive, anxious and guilt symptomatology. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method and contingency tables were run between the clusters obtained and the variable of kinship and distress variables.Results:Five clusters were obtained: Low psychosocial vulnerability-High resources (mostly daughters), Low psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources (mostly daughters), Mixed (mostly sons), High psychosocial vulnerability-High resources (mostly husbands) and High psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources (mostly wives). Although with nuances, the clusters associated with lower distress are the Low psychosocial vulnerability-High resources profile and the High psychosocial vulnerability-High resources profile, and with higher distress the Low psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources profile and the Mixed profile.Conclusions:High levels of dysfunctional thoughts, familism and experiential avoidance are not always associated with greater psychological distress. In fact, profile 2 (Low psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources), in which most caregiving daughters are distributed, seems to be particularly vulnerable to presenting higher levels of emotional. Therefore, the identification of profiles of potential protection and vulnerability to psychological distress in family caregivers could help to increase the effectiveness of interventions aimed at this population.

Single-cell genomics reveals new rozellid lineages and supports their sister relationship to Microsporidia.

The phylum Rozellomycota has been proposed for a group of early-branching holomycotan lineages representing obligate parasites and hyperparasites of zoosporic fungi, oomycotes or phytoplankton. Given their predominantly intracellular lifestyle, rozellids are typically known from environmental ribosomal DNA data, except for the well-studied Rozella species. To date, the phylogenetic relationship between rozellids and microsporidians (Microsporidia) is not fully understood and most reliable hypotheses are based on phylogenomic analyses that incorporate the only publicly available rozellid genome of Rozella allomycis. Here, we provide genomic data of three new rozellid lineages obtained by single-cell sequencing from environmental samples and show with a phylogenomic approach that rozellids form a monophyletic group that is sister to microsporidians, corroborating the previously proposed phylum Rozellomycota. Whereas no mitochondrial genes coding for the respiratory Complex I could be found, we discovered a gene coding for a nucleotide phosphate transporter in one of the three draft genomes. The scattered absence of Complex I genes and scattered presence of nucleotide transporter genes across diverse microsporidian and rozellid lineages suggest that these adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle, which reduce the parasite's capability to synthesize ATP but enables it to steal ATP from its host, evolved independently in microsporidians and rozellids.

The semantic complexity of Hausa kinship terms

Abstract This study aims at analysing the absolute semantic complexity of kin terms in Hausa, i.e. to measure the amount of semantic information of individual kin terms. Each kin term is defined by a set of sufficient and necessary conditions (i.e. properties and relations) derived from the construction of a genealogical “space”. In order to calculate semantic complexity, properties (e.g. x is male, x is older than y) and relations (e.g. x is married to y, x is father of y) are encoded as a series of predicates. The terms are defined in a feature matrix system: for each property and relation each kin term is assigned a value on a truth table. Resorting to predicate calculus, the complexity coefficient c of kin terms is calculated as the negative dyadic logarithm of the relative number of trues according to the formula proposed by Lehmann (1978) and adapted from Carnap and Bar-Hillel (1952). Being culture-independent, the definition of kinship terms in a feature-matrix system allows for a) cross-linguistic comparison; b) a consistent treatment of polysemous instances based on the principles of intension and extension; and c) further analysis and applications in representations of kinship systems formulated with genealogical or algebraic approaches.

A co-design living labs philosophy of practice for end-to-end research design to translation with people with lived-experience of mental ill-health and carer/family and kinship groups.

There is increased recognition that people with lived-experience of mental ill-health ought to be centred in research design, implementation and translation, and quality improvement and program evaluation of services. There is also an increased focus on ways to ensure that co-design processes can be led by people with lived-experience of mental ill-health. Despite this, there remains limited explanation of the physical, social, human, and economic infrastructure needed to create and sustain such models in research and service settings. This is particularly pertinent for all health service sectors (across mental and physical health and social services) but more so across tertiary education settings where research generation occurs for implementation and translation activities with policy and services. The Co-Design Living Labs program was established in 2017 as an example of a community-based embedded approach to bring people living with trauma and mental ill-health and carers/family and kinship group members together with university-based researchers to drive end-to-end research design to translation in mental healthcare and research sectors. The program's current membership is near to 2000 people. This study traces the evolution of the program in the context of the living labs tradition of open innovation. It overviews the philosophy of practice for working with people with lived-experience and carer/family and kinship group members-togetherness by design. Togetherness by design centres on an ethical relation of being-for that moves beyond unethical and transactional approaches of being-aside and being-with, as articulated by sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. The retrospective outlines how an initial researcher-driven model can evolve and transform to become one where people with lived-experience of mental ill-health and carer/family kinship group members hold clear decision-making roles, share in power to enact change, and move into co-researcher roles within research teams. Eight mechanisms are presented in the context of an explanatory theoretical model of change for co-design and coproduction, which are used to frame research co-design activities and provide space for continuous learning and evolution of the Co-Design Living Labs program.

The impact of culture perception on kinship disconnection of Chinese youth: examining the chain mediating effect of kinship support, kinship burnout, and social media interaction

Kinship connections are an essential foundation of social relationships in China, yet in recent years there has been an increasing tendency toward kinship disconnection (Duanqin) among Chinese youth. In this study, based on online survey data of 555 Chinese individuals aged 18–35 years under a comprehensive explanatory framework of culturalism, functionalism, and behaviorism, regression and mediation analyses found that (1) cultural perception based on family-state values is the dominant factor influencing people’s tendency to disconnect. (2) Kinship support decreases people’s propensity to break off relatives, while kinship burnout increases people’s propensity to cut off relatives. Both act as functionalist factors in the chain that mediates the effect of cultural perception on the propensity to break kinship, and kinship burnout obscures the effect of kinship support and becomes a differentiating variable. (3) Both social media kin interaction size and kin group activity significantly reduce people’s propensity to disconnect. However, group activities are more significant in cultural perception’s mediating effect on disconnection propensity. It indicates that truly “active” social media connections are more important. The study attempts to propose a framework of “cultural perception + functional satisfaction and burnout + social media” to interpret Chinese youth kinship communication activity. On a practical level, more support for young people in social media interactions could slow or even reverse the trend of disconnection.

The Turkish System of Kinship

Türk dilleri akrabalık bildiren terimler açısından oldukça zengindir. Bu terimlerin çoğu farklı lehçelerde çok farklı biçimlerde kullanılmaktadır. Zaman içerisinde oluşan tüm anlamsal değişimler boyunca akrabalık terimlerinde iki temel özellik ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan biri kız kardeşler ya da erkek kardeşler için yaygın bir terimin bulunmaması, diğeri ise farklı nesillere ait kişiler için aynı kelimelerin kullanılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, eski Türk akrabalık sisteminin ana ilkelerini yeniden düzenleme girişiminde bulunulmuş ve sistemin genel bir taslağı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Akrabalık terimleri ile tanımlanan nesillerin aileye bağlı olan her birey için farklı biçimde sınıflandırıldığı görülmüştür.

Genesis of Carbonatite at Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania) from Olivine Nephelinite: Protracted Melt Evolution and Reactive Porous Flow in Deep Crustal Mushes

Abstract Carbonatites, carbon-rich magmatic rocks, are thought to form by low-degree partial melting of a relatively carbon-poor mantle followed by protracted differentiation and immiscibility. However, the nature of parental magmas and the characteristics of the early stages of differentiation that shape the subsequent crystal and liquid lines of descent remain poorly constrained. To provide new constraints, deep crustal cumulative xenoliths from Oldoinyo Lengai (East African Rift), the only active volcano erupting carbonatite magmas, were studied. We use major and volatile elements in primitive olivine-hosted melt inclusions, as well as major and trace elements in crystals, to reconstruct the conditions of formation and evolution of cumulates (pressure, temperature, composition). Xenoliths are composed of olivine, diopside, phlogopite, amphibole and accessory minerals. One remarkable feature is the presence of diopside and phlogopite oikocrysts enclosing roundish olivine chadacrysts. Melt inclusions do not have vapor bubble and have major element compositions resembling olivine nephelinite (7–10 wt % MgO after corrections for post-entrapment crystallization). The absence of vapor bubbles implies that the concentrations of volatile components (i.e. CO2, H2O, S) were not compromised by well-known post-entrapment volatile loss into the vapor bubble. Based on the melt inclusion study by SIMS, the volatile concentrations in olivine nephelinite magmas (early stage of differentiation) at Oldoinyo Lengai were 20–130 ppm S, 390–4500 ppm F, 50–540 ppm Cl, up to 6074 ppm CO2 and up to 1.5 wt % H2O. According to the calculated CO2-H2O saturation pressures and geophysical data, xenoliths from Embalulu Oltatwa document a mushy reservoir in the lower crust. Primitive olivine nephelinite melt inclusions have higher H2O contents than olivine nephelinite lavas from other further South volcanoes from the North Tanzanian Divergence (0.2–0.5 wt % H2O), suggesting that the lithospheric mantle source beneath the Oldoinyo Lengai is more hydrated than the mantle beneath the rest of North Tanzanian Divergence. We present a model in which resorption features observed in olivine chadacrysts, together with the LREE enrichments in olivine grains, are the consequences of reactive porous flows in a deep crustal mushy reservoir. We provide constraints on the major, trace and volatile element composition of the parental magmas of carbonatite series and demonstrate with Rhyolite-MELTS models that phonolites and related natrocarbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai can be produced by protracted differentiation of olivine nephelinite melts.