Line Indices Research Articles

Improvement ability of male parent by gibberellic acid application to enhancing the outcrossing of cytoplasmic male sterility rice lines

The study quantified the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) as a pre-flowering treatment for male parent Giza 178 R and the influence of male to female ratio (2R:10A, 2R:12A, 2R:14A and 2R:16A) between male (R) to female (A) for two Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) lines (‘IR69625’ and ‘G46’) on hybrid rice seed production. The main plots were occupied by CMS lines while; GA3 application for male parent Giza 178R were arranged in the sub plots and male to female ratio was arranged in the sub-sub plots. The results indicated that, the, duration of floret opening, angle of floret opening, filaments exsertion, filaments length, anther length, plant height and number of tiller hill-1 of male parent Giza 178R were significantly at 300 g GA3 ha-1 concentration. Plant height, panicle exsertion, panicle length, flag leaf angle and 1000-grain mass of CMS were not significantly affected by the GA3 application for male parent and male to female ratio, while, number of fertile panicles hill-1, panicle mass, seed set, seed yield and harvest index of CMS lines were highly significantly affected. The highest seed yield (2.880 and 2.950 t ha-1) was obtained by CMS line IR69625A using 300 g GA3 ha-1 of male parent Giza 178R with male to female ratio of 2R:14A during both seasons.

Exploring the Stellar Rotation of Early-type Stars in the LAMOST Medium-resolution Survey. I. Catalog

Abstract We derive stellar parameters and abundances (“stellar labels”) of 40,034 late-B and A-type main-sequence stars extracted from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope Medium Resolution Survey (LAMOST–MRS). The primary selection of our early-type sample was obtained from LAMOST Data Release 7 based on spectral-line indices. We employed the Stellar Label Machine to derive their spectroscopic stellar parameters, drawing on Kurucz spectral synthesis models with 6000 < T eff < 15,000 K and −1 < [M/H] < 1 dex. For a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼60, the cross validated scatter is ∼75 K, 0.06 dex, 0.05 dex, and ∼3.5 km s−1 for T eff, log g , [M/H], and v sin i , respectively. A comparison with objects with prior known stellar labels shows great consistency for all stellar parameters, except for log g . Although this is an intrinsic caveat that comes from the MRS’s narrow wavelength coverage, it only has a minor effect on estimates of the stellar rotation rates because of the decent spectral resolution and the profile-fitting method employed. The masses and ages of our early-type sample stars were inferred from nonrotating stellar evolution models. This paves the way for reviewing the properties of stellar rotation distributions as a function of stellar mass and age.

Capital and sustainability on performance: The Mediating Effect of Governance

This article is to analyze the impact of intellectual capital and triple bottom line toward the dependent variable, using governance as moderating variable in order to strengthen the impact or otherwise. Current research regarding to this topic has grown broadly. Nevertheless, just a few researchers imply the whole component of the Good Corporate Governance as their moderating variable. This research utilizes the entire component (TARIF) in conjunction with the intellectual capital index, three bottom line indexes with ROA and number of awards, all these disclosures are essentials for this research. Gathering all the companies who publishes their sustainability report on their company website showed that there are limited resources to analyze. The results of this research demonstrated that triple bottom line does not impact both dependent variables; meanwhile intellectual capital has an impact to the non-financial performance. Governance showed that this variable has no role as a moderating variable to the effect of both dependent variables. The implication of this research is the companies should focus on intellectual capital to promote company’s performance and longevity.

A risk management framework for power distribution networks undergoing a typhoon disaster

With the increasing distribution network accidents caused by typhoon disasters, risk management in typhoon scenarios is necessary. A risk management framework for power distribution networks (PDNs) undergoing a typhoon disaster is proposed. First, a risk prediction model of the PDN under typhoon conditions based on the Batts model is developed to predict the loss of load risk (LLR) index and economic loss risk (ELR) index of the PDN before the typhoon lands. Then, a vulnerability index of overhead lines, considering the failure frequency of specific overhead lines and their load importance, is introduced for use in a weak link identification model to identify weak links in the PDN. Finally, a two-time-step risk relief model based on typhoon forecast information and the identified weak links is developed to allocate PDN relief materials to reduce the LLR and ELR during a typhoon disaster. An IEEE RBTS BUS6 system is employed as a test system to verify the risk management strategy. The vulnerability index proposed by the strategy considers both the importance of load and line failure. The risk management strategy adopts a two-time-step model, which reduces the impact of meteorological forecast errors and enables more efficient use of materials. The results show that the proposed framework can take more effective use of relief materials to reduce the loss of PDNs compared with the traditional strategy.

The Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) Data Release 3: 3000 High-quality Spectra of K s -selected Galaxies at z > 0.6

Abstract We present the third and final data release of the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C), an ESO/Very Large Telescope public spectroscopic survey targeting 0.6 < z < 1.0, Ks -selected galaxies. The data release contains 3528 spectra with measured stellar velocity dispersions and stellar population properties, a 25-fold increase in sample size compared to previous work. This K s -selected sample probes the galaxy population down to ∼0.3L*, for all colors and morphological types. Along with the spectra, we publish a value-added catalog with stellar and ionized gas velocity dispersions, stellar absorption line indices, emission-line fluxes, and equivalent widths, complemented with structural parameters measured from Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging. With its combination of high precision and large sample size, LEGA-C provides a new benchmark for galaxy evolution studies.

3D Reconstruction with Single-Shot Structured Light RGB Line Pattern.

Single-shot 3D reconstruction technique is very important for measuring moving and deforming objects. After many decades of study, a great number of interesting single-shot techniques have been proposed, yet the problem remains open. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to reconstruct deforming and moving objects with the structured light RGB line pattern. The structured light RGB line pattern is coded using parallel red, green, and blue lines with equal intervals to facilitate line segmentation and line indexing. A slope difference distribution (SDD)-based image segmentation method is proposed to segment the lines robustly in the HSV color space. A method of exclusion is proposed to index the red lines, the green lines, and the blue lines respectively and robustly. The indexed lines in different colors are fused to obtain a phase map for 3D depth calculation. The quantitative accuracies of measuring a calibration grid and a ball achieved by the proposed approach are 0.46 and 0.24 mm, respectively, which are significantly lower than those achieved by the compared state-of-the-art single-shot techniques.

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of the B-Cell Repertoire in Membranous Nephropathy.

Membranous nephropathy (MN), an autoimmune glomerular disease, is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. In current clinical practice, the diagnosis is dependent on renal tissue biopsy. A new method for diagnosis and prognosis surveillance is urgently needed for patients. In the present study, we recruited 66 MN patients before any treatment and 11 healthy control (HC) and analyzed multiple aspects of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoire of these samples using high-throughput sequencing. We found that the abnormalities of CDR-H3 length, hydrophobicity, somatic hypermutation (SHM), and germ line index were progressively more prominent in patients with MN, and the frequency of IGHV3-66 in post-therapy patients was significantly lower than that in pre-therapy patients. Moreover, we found that the IGHV3-38 gene was significantly related to PLA2R, which is the most commonly used biomarker. The most important discovery was that several IGHV, IGHD transcripts, CDR-H3 length, and SHM rate in pre-therapy patients had the potential to predict the therapeutic effect. Our study further demonstrated that the IGH repertoire could be a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction of MN. The landscape of circulating B-lymphocyte repertoires sheds new light on the detection and surveillance of MN.

Selection of barley pure lines with high yield and desirable agronomic characteristics in warm areas of Iran

Background and objectives: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important plants in the cereal family after wheat, rice and corn. Barley is the second most important crop in Iran after wheat in terms of agricultural value and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and select superior lines with high yield, early maturity and dormancy resistance in warm regions of the south and north of the country using the selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG). Materials and methods: In order to selection of pure barley lines with high yield and desirable agronomic characteristics in the warm regions of the south and north of the country, 108 pure lines in the non-repeating Augment design with four controls (Norooz /Sahra, Auxin, Nobahar and WB-96-19) in three blocks, in the Centers for Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Fars (Darab), Ahvaz, Sistan (Zabol) and Golestan (Gonbad) were evaluated during 2019-20 cropping year. Results: The results of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis showed that the heritability of grain yield in Gonbad, Ahvaz, Darab and Zabol were 0.993, 0.258, 0.498 and 0.063, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between SIIG index and plant height, 1000-kernal weight and grain yield in all regions. SIIG index showed that 21, 28, 16 and 5 lines in Darab, Ahvaz, Zabol and Gonbad, respectively, with high SIIG index value (0.6-0.9) were the best lines. Based on the results of the average SIIG index of lines 68, 102, 44, 66, 13, 47, 16, 34, 46, 99, 25, 65 and 35, respectively, with SIIG value higher than 0.500 were the best lines in most regions, so they are recommended for cultivation in later years and for advanced testing and compatibility. In order to evaluate the efficiency of SIIG index in selecting the best lines in terms of grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, plant height and early maturity, the studied lines were grouped based on SIIG index in different regions. The studied lines were classified into 6, 7, 8 and 7 groups in Darab, Ahvaz, Gonbad and Zabol, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the average SIIG index in all regions, 16 lines with the highest average value of the SIIG index were top lines in most regions. Selected lines in each region can be recommended for experiments in that region, and lines with the highest SIIG values in most regions for additional testing in all introduced regions in later years.

Searching for Local Counterparts of High-redshift Poststarburst Galaxies in Integral Field Unit Spectroscopic Surveys of Nearby Galaxies

Abstract Searching in the MaNGA IFU survey, I identify nine galaxies that have strong Balmer absorption lines and weak nebular emission lines measured from the spectra integrated over the entire IFU. The spectral features measured from the bulk of the stellar light make these galaxies local analogs of high-redshift spectroscopically selected poststarburst galaxies and thus proxies to understand the mechanisms producing poststarburst galaxies at high redshifts. I present the distributions of absorption line indices and emission line strengths, as well as the stellar kinematics of these local poststarburst galaxies. Almost all local poststarburst galaxies have central compact emission line regions at the central <1 kpc, mostly powered by weak star formation activities. The age-sensitive absorption line indices EW(Hδ) and D n 4000 indicate that the stellar populations at the outskirts are older. Toy stellar population synthesis models suggest that the galaxies as a whole are experiencing a rapid decline of star formation with residual star formation activities at the centers. These features indicate that most poststarburst galaxies are the aftermath of highly dissipative processes that drive gas into centers, invoke centrally concentrated star formation, and then quench the galaxies. Meanwhile, when measurable, poststarburst galaxies have the directions of maximum stellar velocity gradients aligned with photometric major axes, which suggest against major mergers being the principal driving mechanism, while gas-rich minor mergers are plausible. While directly obtaining the same quality of spatially resolved spectra of high-redshift poststarburst galaxies is very difficult, finding proper local counterparts provides an alternative to understand quenching processes in the distant universe.

Outcomes of Treatment of Monteggia Fractures with Reduction and Internal Titanium Elastic Nail Fixation of the Ulna.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of radiographic indices of humero-radial joint instability in order to predict treatment outcomes in Monteggia fractures. A retrospective analysis was conducted in a group of patients who underwent closed reduction and internal titanium elastic nail (TEN) fixation of the ulna and closed reduction of a dislocation of the radial head between 2016 and 2018. The indications for intrame-dullary fixation comprised transverse or short oblique fractures. The direction of the dislocation was classified according to Bado. The following radiographic indies were assessed: Radiocapitellar Line, Lateral Humeral Line, Proximity Index, and Radial Head Displacement Index. Treatment outcomes were assessed with the Oxford Elbow Score and Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and com-plications were assessed with a modified Clavien-Dindo-Sink scale. No coincidence between poor functional and radio-graphic outcomes was demonstrated. 1. Regardless of the severity of the injury, eligibility for surgery and correctly performed surgical treatment guarantee a good final outcome. 2. Patients treated with TEN regain their preoperative mobility. 3. There was no coincidence between poor functional and radiographic outcomes, except for one patient in whom subluxation of the radial head persisted despite surgery and was confirmed radiographically and functionally. 4. It would be beneficial for clinical practice to introduce simple, reproducible radiographic parameters for unambiguous assessment of the effectiveness of treatment and predicting treatment outcomes; unfortunately none of the parameters we investigated were sufficiently reliable. 5. The radiographic parameters analysed in this paper are dependent on the quality of the radiological examinations performed.

Research on Intelligent Recognition and Control Device of Aviation Line Number

In order to solve the problems such as low sorting efficiency, high error rate and inability to match the corresponding installation position on aviation wiring, we propose a machine vision line number recognition method, which is based on the threshold segmentation algorithm of gradation histogram to identify the line number and index the recognized results. The wire harness recognition system mainly includes three parts: wire number positioning, wire number character segmentation and character recognition. Experimental results show that the online detection speed of the vision system is 30m/min, the accuracy rate is higher than 98% and the average time is 0.04s. By matching the recognition results, index to the position where the wiring harness is to be installed to meet the requirements of aviation wiring.

English

Okra has significant area under cultivation in Africa and Asia, despite it has been considered as a minor crop and not much attention has been given to okra improvement in international research program. Niger produced during 2008, 2794 t of okra in 5288 ha with mean productivity of 0.39 t.ha-1. This poor average productivity is far below than the mean productivity of East Africa (6.2 t.ha-1) and North (8.8 t.ha-1). Non-availability of varieties resistant to local biotic stresses is one of the major reasons for such a low productivity. Root-knot nematode disease is one of the constraints of commercial okra cultivation in region and cause of poor productivity. Durable host plant resistance/tolerance is considered as better option than the management tactic solely based on insecticide spray alone. The major objective of this study initited by AVRDC is to screening okra germplasm against root knot nematode in order to identify resistant lines. A total of 48 lines belonging to two species (A. esculentus and A. caillei) originated from different countries were screened following the protocol developed during this study. The results showed that after five weeks of inoculation, infestation of nematode is very fatal for susceptible okra genotypes. Cluster analysis using various parameters revealed that groups GI, GV and GII represented lines which are showing less gall index and poor reproduction rate of nematode, whereas GIII and GIV represented lines with more gall index with higher reproduction rate. The lines showing reaction towards resistance can be used in the breeding program. Key words: Abelmoschus species, okra germplasm, Meloidogyne species, root knot, nematode, screening.

Novel dynamical indices for the variations of the western Pacific subtropical high based on three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation in a warming climate

Previous studies have often used the 500 hPa geopotential height to define indices of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). However, some studies reported that global warming caused a significant increase in geopotential height, particularly at the middle and lower latitudes, leading artificial results about long-term trend of the WPSH. To avoid the spurious signals resulting from global warming, this study first redefines the area, intensity, westward ridge point and ridge line indices of the WPSH by adopting the stream function R of horizontal circulation in the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation (3P-DGAC). Subsequently, the climatic characteristics of the WPSH in summer are investigated by applying the new indices based on four reanalysis datasets. The results show that the circulation features of the WPSH could be revealed by the stream function R in 3P-DGAC. Moreover, the rain belt over East Asia is located at the northwest periphery of the zero-value isoline of the stream function R. We conclude that the climatological average WPSH is contracted and retreated eastward during 1979–2018 relative to 1948–1978. Nevertheless, by analyzing interdecadal changes of the time series of the new indices during 1948–2018, we find that area and intensity indices decrease with time before the end of 1970s and increase slightly with time after the end of 1970s, the western ridge point index moves eastward with time before the end of the 1970s and moves westward slightly with time after the end of 1970s, as well as there is no obvious interdecadal variations in the ridge line index. Because of the evident dynamical meaning, the stream function R in 3P-DGAC can be used as an objective indicator to describe the interdecadal variation of the WPSH under global warming.

Investor sentiment and volatility of exchange‐traded funds: Evidence from China

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between fund‐level investor sentiment and return volatility of exchange‐traded funds (ETFs). We use the first principle component to form a composite fund‐level investor sentiment index that is based on the common variation in four underlying proxies for individual fund sentiment for each ETF: relative strengthen index, psychological line index, Bull and Bear Index and trading volume. And we employ the GARCH model and the EGARCH model to estimate daily ETFs' return volatility, respectively. In our tests, the panel data regressive analysis reveals that investor sentiment reliably predicts ETFs' return volatility in different periods of sentiment state. Specifically, return volatility increases with investor sentiment in the periods of high‐sentiment state, and decreases with investor sentiment in the periods of low‐sentiment state. Furthermore, the panel quantile regression results exhibit nonlinear patterns across the quantiles obviously: weaker effects for lower quantiles and stronger effects for higher quantiles in general. More importantly, the empirical results are stable across different conditional variance models.

Compression of complex-valued hologram data using line index coding and image compression standards

Human Visual System (HVS) records 3D information of a scene while photography of a scene can record only 2D information. A hologram can record the 3D information of a scene as that of HVS and reproduce the same. Hologram recording in digital form requires large amount of memory and opens a window to challenging area of Hologram data compression techniques. The hologram records the depth information of a scene in the phase of complex data. Complex data represented in both rectangular and polar form are exploited to produce Line Index Coding (LIC) process. Before Line Index Coding, normalization of hologram is done to produce normalized hologram. After normalization Line Index Coding corresponding to complex representation is done for selected step size. After Line Index Coding the JPEG or JPEG2000 compression scheme is used to provide more compression. Analysis of the results through subjective and visual quality methods show that the combination of line index coding and JPEG coding produce significant compression when compared to the result obtained through LIC alone. This paper gives a scope for Digital Hologram Watermarking Systems, speeding up of transmission of 3D scenes, storage requirements in surveillance, multimedia and biomedical applications.

The Dermal Ridges as the Infallible Signature of Skin: An Overview.

Our skin is the largest organ and is composed of the dermis and epidermis. The skin surface has lines in the direction of elastic tension. The palmar and plantar skin lines are established before birth in the intrauterine development of the embryo. Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal lines on the palmar and plantar surface. It is a branch of biology, anthropology, genetics, and dermatology. Dermatoglyphics are closely associated with genetic factors. These attributes once formed in the womb remain unique and persist throughout the life of an individual unless the dermis is damaged. Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics are represented by fingerprint patterns, atd angle, a, b, c, d triradii, mail line index, etc. Sometimes either due to hereditary reasons, the pressure of intrauterine factors, or external environmental factors, chromosomal aberrations occur in the fetus. These aberrations are reflected in the form of increased angle of atd, variation in pattern frequency or ridge count between a-b triradii (ABRC), presence of unnatural flexion creases, and others in the fingerprints, palmprints, or footprints. These aberrations in dermatoglyphics are useful in studying the genetic abnormalities in ailments, personality disorders, and criminal tendencies.

Baking properties of spelt grain depending on variety and line

Purpose. To study the question of the baking properties of spelt grain depending on the variety and line.
 Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical.
 Results. The article presents the results of studying of gluten deformation index, the flour strength on the stability of the dough ball in water, the falling number and the gas retaining quality of spelt flour. Of the 16 studied varieties and lines of spelt wheat, four had satisfactorily weak gluten, and the rest were unsatisfactorily weak. Close to the indicator of satisfactorily weak gluten were the grain of the ‘Shvedska 1’ variety (101 units) and the LPP 3132 line (101 units). The NAK34/12-2 line had a very high flour strength, with an index of 248 min. Indicators of 121, 129 and 132 min were observed, respectively, in the ‘Schwabenkorn’ variety and LPP 3117, P 3 lines, which were characterized by a high flour strength. The average values had LPP 1224, LPP 3373, LPP 3132 lines and the ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ spelt variety, the indicators of which varied from 62 to 97 min. The low flour strength of the rest of the studied numbers was 40–57 min, which is less than the standard by 41–59 %. The maximum value of the gas retaining quality of dough was after 90 minutes of fermentation. Thus, the very high gas forming quality was found in the ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ variety and LPP 3132, NAK34/12-2 lines. High value (450 cm3/100 g) was in the NSS 6/01 line. Average values (404–420 cm3/100 g) were observed in seven lines. The ‘Shvedska 1’ and LPP 3373, as well as TV 1100 lines had a gas retaining quality of 369 and 348 cm3/100 g, respectively. The lowest fermentation time (287 and 321 cm3/100 g) was in the LPP 1304 and LPP 1221 lines. However, after fermentation of the dough for 120 min in the NAK34/12-2-line gas retaining quality was the highest and amounted to 513 cm3/100 g.
 Conclusions. The gluten deformation index of varieties and lines of spelt varies from satisfactorily weak (97 units) to unsatisfactorily weak (116 units). The falling number is from 389 to 416 s, which indicates low amylase activity. The baking properties of spelt grain differ significantly from soft wheat, as the maximum gas retaining quality of spelt wheat flour dough occurs after 60–90 min of fermentation. After that it decreases rapidly. The dough obtained from ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ flour, NSS 6/01 and NAK34/12-2 line has the highest stability during fermentation.

Surgical outcomes of posterior occipito-cervical decompression and fusion for basilar invagination: A prospective study

Study designA Prospective Study. ObjectiveTo assess results of posterior occipito-cervical decompression and fusion operated with intra-operative traction/manipulation and instrumented reduction in cases of Basilar Invagination(BI). MethodsTotal 22 patients of 8–65 years with diagnosed BI were operated for posterior occipito-cervical fusion by intra-operative traction/manipulation and instrumented reduction. Fusion was done using autologous bone graft taken from iliac crest. Immediate post-operative, first month and then every 3 months’ follow-up examination were done for minimum period of 2 years. Results22 patients (10 males,12 females) with mean age of 23.9 years having BI were included. 11 patients had C1 occipitalization, 4 had platybasia and 9 had atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD). 1 patient with os odontoideum with kyphotic deformity expired on 4th postoperative day due to respiratory insufficiency (mortality rate 4.54%). Neurological improvement by at least by one grade according to RANAWAT’s and/or NURICK’S scale was observed in 17/21 patients (80.95%). 3 patients remained static and 1 had neuro-worsening. Mean mJOA score of 13.14 improved to 16.24. All had reduction of dens below foramen magnum according to McRae, chamberlain line and Ranawat index. Bone graft fused in all patients as confirmed with CT scan and dynamic X-rays. 1 wound dehiscence and 1 asymptomatic implant loosening were seen on follow-up. ConclusionSurgical treatment of BI with intra-operative traction/manipulation, instrumented reduction and posterior occipito-cervical fusion can achieve good correction of radiology, functional performance and clinical neurology as well as excellent fusion rates without adverse effects of trans-oral surgery.

ASSESSMENT OF ADD-ON-EFFECT OF ANJANA BY HARIDRADI GHRIT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DRY EYE SYNDROME

In todays life, due to change in environment , food habits and life style it gives rise to different eye diseases. Now a days we see there is exess use of computers and over exposure to visual display terminals, which lead to birth hazard named Dry eye syndrome. In modern science there is not effective treatment for Dry Eye Syndrome. Recently there is increase in number of patients coming in OPD having complaints of foreign body sensation, feeling of dryness, burning sensation, itching, photophobia, tired eye, redness,discomfort etc commonly. In modern science the group of above mentioned symptoms is named as Dry eye syndrome.It is disorder of tear film due to tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation which leads to damage to outer occlar surface. Incidence of dry eye is 14.3% in Clinical practice (pub med medical line index). In modern pharmacology the available regimen for the dry eye is using lubricating. But this gives only temporary relief. While in Ayurveda these symptoms are seen in vitilated vata pitta doshas in eye and will be taken into consideration of title Netrashushkta. In Ayurveda some preparations are there, which can be used as local external application in eye. Ghrit is one of the drug among them which is chakshusya, easily available and more economical to patients. Taking into consideration snehan property of ghrit and vata- pittaghna properties of Haridra and Daruharidra I thought use it in Dry eye syndrome. Hence, I take this topic for research work under the title - To Study The Effect Of ‘Haridradi Ghrit Anjana’ In The Management Of ‘Dry Eye Syndrome’.

Comparison of Patient Outcomes with Two Different Formulations of Melphalan As Conditioning Chemotherapy for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma

Introduction: High-dose melphalan is the standard conditioning chemotherapy for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM). However, patients experience several side effects and toxicities from high-dose melphalan. In 2016, United States Food and Drug Administration approved Evomela, a propylene glycol-free formulation of melphalan, as conditioning chemotherapy for ASCT in MM. This was based on its bioequivalence to the standard propylene-glycol solubilized melphalan formulation (Alkeran) in a phase 2 study. Evomela has the advantages of improved solubility, stability, bioavailability and being free of propylene glycol that is associated with organ dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who received ASCT with high dose chemotherapy using alkeran (n=255) or evomela (n=259) at our institution to compare their outcomes such as side effects, duration of cytopenias, transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay, readmission within 30 days and progression-free survival (PFS) post-SCT. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared between two treatment regimens using the Chi-square test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for the continuous variables. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of transplant to death, censoring the alive patients at their last follow up date. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated from the date of transplant to date of relapse or death, whichever occurred first, censoring at the last follow-up if no relapse or death. OS and PFS estimates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: The baseline patient characteristics such as age, ISS stage, comorbidity index and number of prior lines of therapy prior to ASCT were similar between the two groups. (See table 1). Mucositis was seen in 77.2% of the patients who received Alkeran compared to 69.5% who received Evomela (p=<0.001). Incidence of febrile neutropenia was 65.9% in the Alkeran group and 49.4% in the Evomela group (p=0.0002). Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting were reported in 98.8% and 93.4% of the patients in the Alkeran and Evomela groups respectively (p=0.001). Rates of diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection were similar with the two drugs. Time to neutrophil engraftment was the same in both the groups while duration of thrombocytopenia (platelets <20k) was slightly longer in the Evomela group (6 days in alkeran and 8 days in evomela group, p=<0.001). Red cell transfusion requirement was higher with the use of Alkeran compared to Evomela (42.3% vs 21.8%, p=0.001) while platelet transfusion was the same. There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay between the two groups. However, rate of readmission within 30 days of discharge was higher in patients who got Evomela compared to Alkeran (9.4% versus 17.4%, p=0.008). Day +100 serological response (very good partial response or better), PFS post-SCT and OS were similar in both groups. (Figure 1). Conclusion: We conclude that use of Evomela is associated with a better side-effect profile and transfusion requirement while having similar outcomes as Alkeran. Disclosures Yucebay: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioXCell: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; G1 Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Chaudhry:Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Efebera:Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Ohio State University: Current Employment. Bumma:Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau. Khan:Amgen: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Devarakonda:Janssen: Consultancy.