Special Limit Research Articles

A transfer operator approach to relativistic quantum wavefunction * *Contribution to the Special Collection ‘Koopman Methods in Classical and Quantum-Classical Mechanics’.

The original intent of the Koopman–von Neumann formalism was to put classical and quantum mechanics on the same footing by introducing an operator formalism into classical mechanics. Here we pursue their path the opposite way and examine what transfer operators can say about quantum mechanical evolution. To that end, we introduce a physically motivated scalar wavefunction formalism for a velocity field on a 4-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold, and obtain an evolution equation for the associated wavefunction, a generator for an associated weighted transfer operator. The generator of the scalar evolution is of first order in space and time. The probability interpretation of the formalism leads to recovery of the Schrödinger equation in the non-relativistic limit. In the special relativity limit, we show that the scalar wavefunction of Dirac spinors satisfies the new equation. A connection with string theoretic considerations for mass is provided.

Scrambling and entangling spinning particles

In this paper we revisit the gravitational eikonal amplitudes of two scattering spinning particles and inspect their scrambling power in the spin spaces that is quantified through the tripartite information. We found that in the non-relativistic limit and a special high-energy limit the leading contribution is a quantity that is universal and theory independent. The minimal coupling is singled out with minimal scrambling in a different high momenta limit. We also inspected the initial state dependence of entanglement generation and found that the spin coherent state with vanishing spin may not necessarily be the hardest to entangle. Interestingly, among a family of mixed states, the only P-rep state there known to be the best approximation of classical mixed states was singled out as one with minimal entanglement generated.

Cytotoxicity, endocrine disrupting activity, and chemical analysis of 42 food contact silicone rubber products

After migration in 95 % ethanol (food simulant) at 70 °C for 2 h (accelerated conditions), the cytotoxicity and endocrine-disruption activity of 42 food contact silicone products (FCSPs) obtained from the Chinese market were studied. Of 31 kitchenwares, 96 % showed mild or above cytotoxicity (relative growth rate < 80 %) using the HeLa neutral red uptake test; and 84 % showed estrogenic (64 %), anti-estrogenic (19 %), androgenic (42 %), and anti-androgenic (39 %) activities by the Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The mold sample induced late phase HeLa apoptosis as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry, in addition, the migration of mold sample has a higher risk of endocrine disruption at high temperature usage. Encouragingly, 11 bottle nipples had neither cytotoxic nor hormonal activity. Utilizing multiple mass spectrometry techniques, non-intentionally added substances (NIASs) in 31 kitchenwares were analyzed, and the migration levels of 26 organic compounds and 21 metals were quantified, furthermore, the safe risk of single migrant was evaluated through their special migration limit (SML) or threshold of toxicological concern (TTC). Using “nchoosek” statement and Spearman's correlation analysis in MATLAB, the migration of 38 compounds or combinations including metals, plasticizers, methylsiloxanes, and lubricants, had strong correlation with cytotoxicity or hormonal activity. The coexistence of various chemical substances in migrants leads to complex biological toxicity of FCSPs, so it is very important to detect the toxicity of the final products. The combination of bioassays and chemical analyses are valuable tools to facilitate the identification and analyses of FCSPs and migrants that have potential safety risks.

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Performance: Evidence from the Pulp and Paper Industry in China

In areas with serious pollution problems, the government designates a special emission limit (SEL) for pollution control and environmental protection in China. This paper examines the effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) SEL on firms' production activity and market performance in the pulp and paper industry in the Lake Tai area in China. Using firm-level data, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that SEL has a negative impact on the production scale, profitability, and market size of the regulated firms, while showing no significant impact on firm exports. The heterogeneity tests suggest that the impact of SEL on production and market performance varies with firm ownership, firm size, and target market. The reallocation effect of production shifts extra production from exited firms to existing firms, which explains the expansion of production scale and market size for SOEs and large-sized regulated firms. Compared with the decline of production scale, the inventory alleviation effect reduces the negative impact of stricter environmental regulation on firm performance.

Regular solutions for black strings and torus-like black holes

In this letter, we extend the recent black hole solution with spherical symmetry [Phys. Lett. B \textbf{835} (2022), 137546], to a new class of black hole solutions with different topology, namely, a torus-like black hole and a black string in the presence of the cosmological constant. We have used the regularized expressions for the gravitational and the electromagnetic potentials, then we derived the corrections to the energy density and, finally, the black hole solutions are obtained which are regular in the limit $r \to 0$. Interestingly, it is found that the total mass of the black hole is corrected due to the regularized self-energy of the electrostatic field. In the special limit, we recover the well-known solutions in the literature.

Analysis of PAI Learning Media Methods for Children with Special Needs (mentally disabled) in improving learning outcomes at SKh Caraka Pratama Villa Tangerang Elok Tangerang Regency

Methods and media are an important part of learning. Good education starts with educators who are able to conceptualize the teaching system with neat creativity. The role of parents is the main thing in the development of children, both at home and in the surrounding environment. Not a few children are born with poor conditions, and need good services, especially in terms of education. Children who have special limitations certainly need proper education, because every human being has advantages and disadvantages, so the advantages that exist in the child must be raised. This study aims to analyze and obtain answers: 1) to find out the benefits of using media and PAI learning methods for students with special needs (Tunagrahita) at SKh Caraka Pratama Villa Tangerang Elok Kabupaten Tangerang,2) to find out the problems and solutions in using PAI learning methods and media at SKH Caraka Pratama Villa Tangerang Elok Kabupaten Tangerang, 3) to find out the learning outcomes of students when using PAI learning methods and media at SKH Caraka Pratama Villa Tangerang Elok Kabupaten Tangerang. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection techniques used in this study using interviews, observation and documentation. The result showed: The learning media used by PAI teachers at SKH Caraka Pratama Villa Tangerang Elok, Tangerang Regency are audio-visual media, using objects around you, or creating creativity together which will be used as teaching aids, 2) The right method used is by synchronizing the lecture method with discussion / question and answer to see the level of students' abilities, 3) to find out the application of methods and media that are in accordance with the level of material and the ability of students to use pictures or videos or objects around, by giving examples neatly, in order to foster creative power in students.

Factors Affecting the Performance of Small Micro Medium Enterprise (UMKM) in Lagoa Village

UMKM is a productive economic efforts controlled by individuals, or agencies but with special business capital and limitations in increasing efforts, and not alliances that belong to companies or cooperatives UMKM b ecomes one of the important economy pillars in Indonesia when there was a monetary emergency in 1997. When many large industries went bankrupt in that era, UMKM activities in Indonesia even increased when companies/industries experienced in a bad situation. This research aims to find out the factors affecting performance of Small Micro Medium Enterprise (UMKM). Research used quantitative methods which conducted at the Lagon MMS, Jakarta. Sampling technique used probability sampling with simple random sampling techniques of 97 respondents. Data analysis techniques employed Smart PLS3 software. The results show that the factors affecting performance of UMKM namely knowledge, business capital, information systems, E-commerce, and environmental uncertainty affecting knowledge.

The virtues and limits of specialization in global value chains: analysis and policy implications

A growing concern has emerged in both academic research and policy circles about the hidden risks that can arise from a narrow specialization of economies in a world characterized by the international fragmentation of production. In this work, we address the virtues and limits of specialization in light of the strong interdependencies between countries induced by the emergence and evolution of global value chains (GVCs). The need to shift the focus from the product level to the functional level is discussed from both a conceptual and empirical perspective. Moreover, several arguments are advanced in favour of functional diversification. It is argued that economies performing a relatively large range of value adding activities are in a better position to foster process and product innovation and increase the resilience of the productive structure in face of both domestic and external shocks. Accordingly, we provide a stronger conceptual basis for industrial policies aimed to address the vulnerability of GVCs in times of major disruptive events. We stress that responding to these shocks implies a careful definition of the geographical boundaries of international production networks, substantial investments in strategic activities at the national and macro-regional levels, as well as a more selective sourcing of inputs and knowledge assets on a global scale.

Calculation for the progressive collapse of the steel frame based on the shutdown of an element of the structural scheme

Reliability of a building object - the ability of a building object perform the required functions during the estimated service life. In this case, the structure may experience a special limit state after exceeding the limit of the bearing capacity in the first and deformability in the second limit states, in which they do not fully comply with the functional requirements; further increase in loads and impacts leads to their destruction. The assumed initial local destruction implies the removal of a bearing structural element, simulating the loss of bearing capacity and stability, as well as leading to a change in the structural design of the structure. As a result of the damage received, a progressive avalanche collapse can occur in the form of the destruction of load-bearing building structures, leading to the collapse of the entire building or structure or its parts due to the initial local destruction.

РЕСТИТУЦІЯ КУЛЬТУРНИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ ТА НОРМИ ПОЗОВНОЇ ДАВНОСТІ

B a c k g r o u n d . The issue of restitution and the return of cultural values in Ukraine has gained particular relevance in light of the aggression against our country. Monitoring groups report the illegal export of cultural artifacts to the occupying nation, with some potentially finding their way into Russian museums. However, a considerable portion might be privately owned abroad, necessitating legal measures for their repatriation. M e t h o d s . The research employed various methods, including dialectical, systemic-structural, and comparative-legal approaches. R e s u l t s . The author examines the nuances of limitation of actions applied to claims in the return of cultural values both in Civil law countries and Common law countries. The "adverse possession" doctrine, used in Civil law countries, is examined. For this purpose, the Civil Code of Switzerland and the Code of Cultural and Landscape Heritage of Italy were scrutinized and analyzed. The application of limitation of actions in disputes concerning the return of cultural artifacts in Common Law countries is examined separately. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects of June 24, 1995. It has been proven that the approach used in this convention is flexible and balanced and contributes to the protection of both the original owner and the bona fide purchaser. C o n c l u s i o n s . The application of the "adverse possession" doctrine in its pure form has been found to pose significant challenges for the original owners of unlawfully seized cultural property. The effectiveness of the concept of limitation of actions in disputes related to the repatriation of cultural property in the UK has been established, providing adequate protection for the rights of the object owners. It is claimed that it is appropriate to establish special limitation of actions rules for the restitution and return of cultural values in Ukrainian legislation. As an example, one could consider adopting a model similar to that provided for in the UNIDROIT Convention or in the Code of Cultural and Landscape Heritage of Italy.

Quantitative description of uncertainty andentropic uncertainty relation

Uncertainty is a fundamental characteristic of quantum system. The degree of uncertainty of an observable has long been investigated by the standard deviation of the observable. In recent years, however, by analyzing some special examples, researchers have found that the Shannon entropy of the measurement outcomes of an observable is more suitable to quantify its uncertainty. Formally, Shannon entropy is a special limit of a more general Rényi entropy. In this paper, we discuss the problem of how to predict the measurement outcome of an observable by the existing measurement results of the observable, and how to quantitatively describe the uncertainty of the observable from the perspective of the repeatable probability of the measurement results of this observable in an unknown state. We will argue that if the same observable of different systems in the same state is repeatedly and independently measured many times, then the probability of obtaining an identical measurement result is a decaying function of the number of measurements of obtaining the same result, and the decay rate of the repeatable probability for obtaining the same measurement results and the repeatable number of measurements can represent the degree of uncertainty of the observable in this state. It means that the greater the uncertainty of an observable, the faster the repeatable probability decays with the number of repeatable measurements; conversely, the smaller the uncertainty, the slower the repeatable probability decays with the number of repeatable measurements. This observation enables us to give the Shannon entropy and the Rényi entropy of an observable uniformly by the functional relation between the repeatable probability and the number of repeatable measurements. We show that the Shannon entropy and the Rényi entropy can be formally regarded as the “decay index” of the repeatable probability with the number of repeatable measurements. In this way we also define a generalized Rényi entropy by the repeatable probability for consecutively observing identical results of an observable, and therefore we give a proof of the Maassen-Uffink type entropic uncertainty relation by using this generalized Rényi entropy. This method of defining entropy shows that entropic uncertainty relation is a quantitative limitation for the decay rate of the total probability for obtaining identical measurement results when we simultaneously measure two observables many times.

Assessing the Applicability of Track Alignment Design Code for Continuous Welded Rail Installation to Concrete Slab Track

In the KR code, the track alignment limitations for CWR installation are specified. These limitations appear reasonable for ballasted tracks. However, its application to the concrete slab track is doubtful because the concrete slab track has a much higher buckling resistance than the ballasted track. In addition, sometimes the track alignment cannot satisfy the KR code limitations in urban areas. Therefore, the track alignment limitations for the CWR in the KR code should be evaluated for the concrete slab track. In this study, the focus was on assessing the applicability of track alignment limitations for CWR installation in the KR code for a concrete slab track. First, a literature review was conducted to identify the basis of KR codes. Subsequently, a series of track stability analyses were performed to evaluate the applicability of the horizontal and vertical curves in the KR code to the concrete slab track. The results indicated that CWR can be installed on a concrete slab track without special limitations for the curve ranges specified in the KR code.

공익사업 피수용자 세제개선 방안

So-called project operators such as the State, local governments, Land and Housing Corporation, and Urban Development Corporation implement public projects based on the Land Compensation Act, the Urban Development Act, the Housing Site Development Promotion Act, etc., tourism complexes, logistics complexes, etc. are being developed or constructed. Recently, public service projects have been delayed due to the increase in expropriation decisions, objection rulings, and administrative lawsuits filed by project operators regarding the compensation for losses from public service projects. In addition, despite the increasing number of lands of unknown ownership due to the impact of low birth rate and population aging and the decrease in land use desire due to movement from non-urban areas to urban areas, there are limitations in promoting smooth public projects by temporarily applying the Act on Special Measures for Registration of Ownership Transfer. , the economic cost is increasing. To clarify that capital gains tax, business income tax, other income tax, corporate tax, value-added tax, inheritance tax, gift tax, etc. are imposed according to the concept of transfer following the expropriation of land, etc. A special taxation system under the Restriction Act will be considered. By comparatively examining legislative cases in the United States, France, Canada, Japan, etc. on the special taxation system based on public expropriation, we present Korea's tax improvement points. In the case of land, etc., when a purchase by agreement is concluded within 6 months from the date of request for the purchase by agreement or real estate is transferred for public service use within 2 years due to alternative acquisition through land expropriation, a special limit of KRW 100 million per year is limited to KRW 300 million for 5 years A deduction system should be introduced. In addition, as the promotion of public utility projects is delayed due to the land of unknown owner and a lot of administrative expenses are required, the Act on Special Measures for the Use of Unknown Owner is enacted and special taxation system for land of unknown owner as in Japanese legislation. should be institutionalized. In addition, if the inmate files an objection or an administrative litigation when the project operator expropriates land, etc. for public works, the amount of compensation for losses is increased by adding the management principle while maintaining the principle of determination of the timing of attributing income and expenses. In such cases, it shall be the date of final judgment or final judgment of the objection, and if the amount of compensation for loss has not changed or has been reduced, it shall be regarded as the date on which the project operator deposits according to the judgment of expropriation.

공익사업 피수용자 세제개선 방안

So-called project operators such as the State, local governments, Land and Housing Corporation, and Urban Development Corporation implement public projects based on the Land Compensation Act, the Urban Development Act, the Housing Site Development Promotion Act, etc., tourism complexes, logistics complexes, etc. are being developed or constructed. Recently, public service projects have been delayed due to the increase in expropriation decisions, objection rulings, and administrative lawsuits filed by project operators regarding the compensation for losses from public service projects. In addition, despite the increasing number of lands of unknown ownership due to the impact of low birth rate and population aging and the decrease in land use desire due to movement from non-urban areas to urban areas, there are limitations in promoting smooth public projects by temporarily applying the Act on Special Measures for Registration of Ownership Transfer. , the economic cost is increasing. To clarify that capital gains tax, business income tax, other income tax, corporate tax, value-added tax, inheritance tax, gift tax, etc. are imposed according to the concept of transfer following the expropriation of land, etc. A special taxation system under the Restriction Act will be considered. By comparatively examining legislative cases in the United States, France, Canada, Japan, etc. on the special taxation system based on public expropriation, we present Korea's tax improvement points. In the case of land, etc., when a purchase by agreement is concluded within 6 months from the date of request for the purchase by agreement or real estate is transferred for public service use within 2 years due to alternative acquisition through land expropriation, a special limit of KRW 100 million per year is limited to KRW 300 million for 5 years A deduction system should be introduced. In addition, as the promotion of public utility projects is delayed due to the land of unknown owner and a lot of administrative expenses are required, the Act on Special Measures for the Use of Unknown Owner is enacted and special taxation system for land of unknown owner as in Japanese legislation. should be institutionalized. In addition, if the inmate files an objection or an administrative litigation when the project operator expropriates land, etc. for public works, the amount of compensation for losses is increased by adding the management principle while maintaining the principle of determination of the timing of attributing income and expenses. In such cases, it shall be the date of final judgment or final judgment of the objection, and if the amount of compensation for loss has not changed or has been reduced, it shall be regarded as the date on which the project operator deposits according to the judgment of expropriation.

Regular black holes in Verlinde’s emergent gravity

In this paper, we construct a class of charged and regular black hole solutions in Verlinde’s Emergent Gravity (VEG). In particular, these solutions include, black holes with asymptotically Minkowski core, T-duality, Frolov/Simpson–Visser type solutions, as well as the Bardeen/Hayward type solutions as a special case. Using the relation between the apparent dark matter and the baryonic matter we find the effect of apparent dark matter on the spacetime geometry. We show that in general, the apparent dark matter leads to non-asymptotically flat spacetime geometry and, in the special limit of a point like mass distribution, all the black hole solutions in VEG resembles the global monopole-like solution with a deficit angle. To this end, we extend the solutions by including the cosmological constant (de Sitter space) and we elaborate different energy conditions of black hole solutions. Finally, having in mind that the Einstein’s field equation are not modified in this theory while the apparent dark matter is encoded in the energy–momentum tensor, we used the modified Newman–Janis-Azreg-Aïnou algorithm to obtain the corresponding effective rotating metrics.

Recursion relations for one-loop Goldstone boson amplitudes

In this paper, we construct the recursion relations for one-loop planar integrands in the $SU(N)$ nonlinear sigma model. This generalizes the soft recursions for tree-level amplitudes in a variety of quantum field theories with special soft limits. The main ingredient is the definition of the one-loop planar integrand, which is fixed by cuts in the sense of generalized unitarity and by requiring the Adler zero on all external legs. We show that this does not uniquely fix the integrand, so additional constraints on the soft behavior of the loop momentum have to be imposed. Our work is the first step in extending modern amplitudes methods for loop amplitudes to effective field theories with special soft limits.

Fikih-Tasawuf dalam Pandangan Abdul Wahhab al-Sha'rani

The Sufism teaches about search for meaning and the deepening of religion as a form of perfection by emphasizing the profound (esoteric) aspect rather than the outer (exoteric) through the system of wirid,riya&gt;d{ah, muja&gt;hadah and in such a way structured under the guidance of Spiritual guide (Mursyid). Thus, with the value of Sufism, the implementation of worship will be more perfect. This research becomes interesting when looking at the value of Sufism used as a lens or epistemology in taking Sharia law. This study seeks to discuss how Abdul Wahhab al-Sha'ra&gt;ni's views on sufism and also taking of the law in an endeavor by considering the value of Sufism. The results of the study revealed that Abdul Wahhab al-Sha'ra&gt;ni's views on sufism were synergistic. In his opinion, the aspects are interconnected and inseparable. It is proven in his work that he reveals various jurisprudence laws obtained using elements of Sufism with a kasyaf approach. However, the kasyaf t can be used has a special limitation, which must be based on sharia’s view. So that the results obtained are not contradictory. Meanwhile, Imam al-Sha'ra&gt;ni's compromising form asserts that the ability to choose two aspects of the law, whether takhfi&gt;f or tasydi&gt;d, only applies when experiencing urgent circumstances. Because basically, the two aspects of takhfi&gt;f or tasydi&gt;d are tarti&gt;b al-wujubi not takhyi&gt;r. This kind of law-taking in the framework of prudence and to achieve the value of perfection in performing worship.

MAKNA KEPENTINGAN UMUM DIDALAM DEPONERING

In Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Prosecutor's Office, there is a definition or understanding of Deponering namely the public interest, the interest in question is the interest of the state, nation and other community interests as stated in Article 35 (c). This deponering is an implementation of the opportunity principle owned by the prosecutor which has its own purpose, namely adjudicating cases, but the regulations or rules are still unclear, resulting in a blurring of norms because there are no special limits regarding the meaning of the public interest. carried out by the prosecutor and there was a misinterpretation in the determination of deponering. The proposed formulation is as follows 1. What is the meaning of the phrase public interest in deponering based on Article 35 (c) of Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. 2. What are the criteria for public interest as a condition for deponering to realize justice in law enforcement. The research method used is a normative research method using 2 approaches: a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study are the meaning of the phrase in question, prioritizing common interests rather than personal interests, and in its application the attorney general must obtain consideration from the state power agency that is related to the problem and the criteria in realizing justice for law enforcement, so in making decisions to using this deponering, the prosecutor must coordinate with the Supreme Court, the constitutional court the DPR, the President

Quantum regression theorem for multi-time correlators: A detailed analysis in the Heisenberg picture

The quantum regression theorem is one of the central results in open quantum systems and is extensively used for computing multi-point correlation functions. Traditionally it is derived for two-time correlators in the Markovian limit employing the Schr\"odinger picture. In this paper we make use of the Heisenberg picture to derive the quantum regression theorems for multi-time correlation functions, which in the special limit reduce to the well-known two-time regression theorem. For the multi-time correlation function we find that the regression theorem takes the same form as it takes for the two-time correlation function with a mild restriction that one of the times should be greater than all other time variables. Interestingly, the Heisenberg picture also allows us to derive an analog of regression theorem for out-of-time-ordered correlators. We further extend our study for the case of non-Markovian dynamics and report the modifications to the standard quantum regression theorem. We illustrate all of the above results using the paradigmatic dissipative spin-boson model.

Stability of Woven Frames

This article studies the stability of woven frames by introducing some special limits. We show that there exist certain relations among the different types of convergence of frames and obtain some new and more general stability results. As an application of these results, we provide a method for constructing woven frames.