ABSTRACT. Based on an extensive review of the literature, and broad consultation with experts, we haveassessed the sensitivity of Bornean vertebrates to the direct and indirect effects of timber harvest. Well-implemented selective logging has a relatively limited direct impact on wildlife populations: few speciesappear quite sensitive, some benefit, some decline. However, current management practices in IndonesianBorneo generally cause a decline in wildlife populations. Guidelines for sustainable forest managementare primarily focused on trees, with few specific recommendations on how to sustainably manage wildlifepopulations in timber concessions. Based on our findings, we provide extensive wildlife managementguidelines, pointing out the importance of maintaining understory vegetation and large trees for fruit, seed,dead wood, and tree hollow production, limiting canopy gaps, and reducing hunting and wildlife trade inconcessions. In addition, we provide specific management advice on high priority species of Borneanvertebrates.Key Words: Asia; biodiversity; Borneo; disturbance; hunting; sustainable forest management.INTRODUCTIONThere is an increasing awareness that wildlifespecies in Indonesian Borneo need forests that aremanaged for sustainable timber extraction if theyare to survive in the long term (Colon 1999,Lammertink 2004b, Sheil et al. 2004). In the pastfew decades, conservation efforts have focusedstrictly on protected areas, but recent insights havesuggested that these reserves are insufficient toprotect rare, threatened species. Not only is theprotected area network fragmented (Jepson et al.2002), but forests are also disappearing even withinthese protected areas (Fuller et al. 2003, Curran etal. 2004).Kalimantan’s protected area network is failing forvarious ecological, socioeconomic, and politicalreasons (Kramer et al. 1997, Rijksen and Meijaard1999, Jepson et al. 2001, 2002). Ineffectivemanagement, however, is a dominant factor.Management, if any, is directed from regional ornational offices, but without adequate on-the-ground staff to provide even basic safeguards, manyprotected areas remain paper parks (cf., Bruner etal. 2001, Rodriguez and Rodriguez-Clark 2001).Poor political support for active conservationmanagement is a global problem that is only slowlyimproving. Thus, conservation remains underfunded(e.g., Balmford and Whitten 2003), and tax systemsproviding financial compensation for usingenvironmental services remain undeveloped.Direct economic benefits such as timber productionprovide an incentive to maintain forests and a wayto generate conservation benefits, especially whenvarious economic and political forces areencouraging improved management practices. This,and the fact that forest loss threatens bothconservation interests and timber productionexplains why tropical production forestry andconservation are increasingly finding commonground. Whether production forestry has thepotential to halt forest decline, or to otherwisebenefit conservation, is disputed (Bowles et al.1998, Lugo 1999, Putz et al. 2000), but we wish toemphasize the pragmatic ecological basis forinvolving timber concessions in wildlife conservation.Many Bornean wildlife species persist at onlyslightly altered densities in selectively harvestedforests, and well-managed production forests canprovide adequate habitat for most species (Meijaardet al. 2005). Still, little is known about how different