Limited Budget Resources Research Articles

The reaction of the social security systems of the European Union and the united states of America to financial crises: proposals for using the experience in Russia

In the context of accelerated transformation of the domestic economy, attempts at economic and socio-political isolation of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia), the question of rethinking the role of social protection in the development of the RF arises. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for increasing the adaptability of the domestic social protection system to future possible shocks, with consideration to modern practices used in developed economies. The object of the study is social protection systems. The subject is measures of adaption of these systems to consequences of financial crises. When conducting the study, the following methods have been used: analysis, induction, measurement, comparison, computational and constructive, statistical and economic. The main results of the study include identification of the basic channels for the transition of a financial crisis into a social one, and assessment of the fiscal impulses of the European Union countries, United States of America, and Russia in order to mitigate the negative shocks of financial crises. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of using the results in the activities of government bodies as part of improving the domestic social protection system. The similar nature of consequences of global financial crises has allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. Firstly, job retention schemes and social support measures for the unemployed population make it possible to create an effective system of income support for workers, especially for vulnerable groups. Secondly, increasing the targeting of social support measures will lead to the performance growth of social protection system, allowing for a more rational distribution of limited budget resources. Finally, this social system can effectively reach the target segment of beneficiaries only if means-testing information systems are of high quality.

Efforts and Obstacles of the Banda Aceh Government in the Development of Child-Friendly City Policies

The City of Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh Province, has been committed to developing a Child-Friendly City Policy since 2013. However, to date, the City of Banda Aceh has still not achieved Child-Friendly City status, as evidenced by the absence of an increase in ranking in 2023 compared to the previous year. This city continued to maintain its Nindya level by the assessment in 2022. This research aims to identify efforts and inhibiting factors in developing Child-Friendly City policies, especially in the institutional cluster aspect. Using Institutional Development Theory by Milton J. Esman (1967), this research applies qualitative methods. Research findings show that Banda Aceh has not achieved Child-Friendly City status because the institutional indicators of a Child-Friendly City are not yet optimal, resulting in the fulfillment of children’s rights not being implemented comprehensively. The obstacles that cause Banda Aceh not to achieve this status involve limited budget resources, the absence of a Regional Action Plan, a lack of understanding of human resources regarding policies, minimal involvement from the business world, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Suggestions include: (i) Evaluate budget resource allocation for KLA, (ii) Immediately develop RAD-KAL as a guide for program implementation, (iii) Increase understanding of human resources through training, (iv) Encourage formal collaboration with the business world, (v) Designing an adaptive strategy for the disruptive impact of the pandemic for KLA. Keywords: Banda Aceh; Child- Friendly City; Public Policy.

The Implementation of Ternate Mayor's Policy in Handling Household Waste in Kota Baru Village

This study aims to elaborate the implementation of the Ternate Mayor Regulation policy in handling Household Waste. The research uses a qualitative approach with Edward III's theoretical framework on the analysis of communication factors, sources, dispositions and bureaucratic structures on the stages of waste handling, namely collection, processing, collection and the final process of residents of Kota Baru Village, Central Ternate District, Ternate City. The findings of the dimensions of clarity, dimensions of consistency and transmission in handling household waste have not been fully socialized and do not touch the target group in the community, there are still limited budget resources, Transdepot waste facilities, the disposition has not been effective and efficient, and the bureaucratic structure has not functioned waste handling instruments in accordance with the Ternate Mayor Regulation, and lack of public awareness weak innovation and bureaucratic monitoring.

Priorities of Russia's social policy in the context of global social changes

The relevance of the topic chosen by the authors is determined by the very fact of global changes in the established social order taking place in the world, which create serious risks for the "welfare state" formed in the West after the Second World War. There is a transformation of the basic principles of the modern welfare state – the principles of social solidarity and social justice, the external and internal conditions for the modern state to perform its social functions are becoming more complicated. The ongoing global social transformations fully affect Russian society, especially since it was Russia that acted as their catalyst. Their socio–economic consequences for Russia are ambiguous. The purpose of this work is to analyze the identification of priorities of social policy in modern Russia in conditions associated with both risks and new opportunities in the context of global social changes. The main methodological basis of the research is theoretical scientific methods and a systematic approach. The interdisciplinary nature of the research within the framework of the identified issues requires the involvement of both the results of sociological research and a significant amount of data from domestic and international economic statistics. It is emphasized that in the field of social policy, which is initially based on the principles of redistribution of resources through the budget system, there are no solutions that provide all Russians with prospects for economic and social well-being. Given the complexity of developing universal government solutions capable of ensuring the realization of the social interests of all population groups, in order to preserve the solidarity of Russians in conditions of instability and resource constraints, it is necessary to identify the right priorities of social policy. Accordingly, the authors analyzed the main problems and prospects in the implementation of the main priorities of the social policy of the modern Russian state: overcoming inequality and poverty, support for the participants of the SVO and their families, family and demographic policy. The authors conclude that when developing and implementing social measures, the Russian state should avoid inflating "bubbles" of social obligations. In addition, it is necessary to keep in mind the limited budget resources and avoid "life on loan". Consequently, the authors substantiate the position on the need to implement the principles of rationality, targeting, and orientation towards solving the most acute social problems of modern Russian society in conditions of limited resources.

New development: Every thorn counts—The Baltic response to uncertainty and war in Ukraine

IMPACT This article reflects on relatively substantial military support delivered from the Baltic states to Ukraine. The observed patterns of government behaviour inform practitioners about the feasibility of a focused assistance approach from small countries with limited budgetary resources. The findings outline the relative importance of beliefs and clear budget priorities for making agile support decisions in times of high/deep uncertainty.

Методологические основы государствен- ного управления социальным развитием территориальных социально-экономических систем

Introduction: social development management of territories is a significant area of state policy, which is reflected in the key strategic federal and regional documents. Objectives: the authors propose a methodological approach to understanding the essence of “social development management” in relation to territorial socio-economic systems (region, municipality). Methods: general scientific methods of cognition, analysis of legal acts, statistical analysis. Results: the authors proposed a methodology for studying the social development management of territories (subject and object of management, control action, feedback, resource provision and management goal). The article defines the threats and directions for improving the system of state social development management. Conclusions: Within the methodology, social development management goal is to ensure the population access to social services in accordance with the individual needs and demands of the population in a particular territory. From structural point of view, the object of social development management is the population itself as a consumer of social services and a subsystem for the provision of social services (social sphere). In terms of process component, the object of social development management is the balance between supply and demand of suppliers and consumers of social services. Regarding public authority, the management mechanism is expressed in social policy and its tools implemented at the strategic, tactical and operational levels of management. The authors determined that the general vector of the country’s social development should correlate with the main task of the country’s national security –“preserving the Russia’s nation and developing human potential”; the state should form the institutional environment for the labor market and the social sphere to adapt to digitalization; the social development management mechanism should be proactive; when implementing social policy, it is necessary to take into account the trend towards individualization; in the context of limited budgetary resources, it is necessary to attract investors and other sources of financing the social services market.

Theoretical approaches to the study of internet marketing strategies in the activities of processing enterprises

The article is devoted to the study of Internet marketing tools, which are especially important in the context of limited budgetary resources during transformation processes. The use of Internet marketing tools has a significant potential in the economic development of fast moving consumer goods enterprises. Consideration and research of the possibilities of using Internet marketing tools in the system of promotion of fast moving consumer goods helps to increase the profit of enterprises and forms an effective strategy of economic development. The article studies formation of the system of development of Internet marketing at domestic processing enterprises on the basis of data of theoretical and applied studies. The analysis of Internet marketing tools can help in the management and development of enterprises of various sizes, forms and industries. New tools and means of promoting and selling products are constantly emerging in the field of Internet marketing, and some outdated tools are losing their relevance. This situation requires constant monitoring of Internet marketing performance measurement systems. That is why research in this area is extremely relevant.

Organization of territorial development management in the context of eurointegration processes and war in Ukraine

The onset of hostilities coincided with an acceleration of Eurointegration processes in Ukraine. The emergence of new challenges and opportunities for organizing local territorial development management requires a new quality of work, primarily in terms of preparing and implementing planning documents for local development. In the process of studying the current legislative norms regarding the preparation of planning documents for local development, it was found that today in Ukraine there are three main types of planning documents: spatial, strategic, and budgetary, which are developed in parallel and are not interconnected. This interconnection should be ensured at the national level through annual budget allocations for the practical implementation of strategic and spatial plans. However, in practice, this has not been achieved due to the ongoing process of reforming various spheres of life in our country, which requires updating planning documents, as well as due to the limited budget resources, which have increased in recent years due to the need to finance military expenses. The state strategy for regional development for 2021–2027 requires further refinement and updating in the context of Eurointegration processes and ongoing hostilities, with the proposed measures requiring additional prioritization considering the urgent need to meet military needs and the limitations of state budget resources. The development of comprehensive spatial development plans for community territories in the new approved composition is at the initial stage of formation and is complicated by ongoing hostilities in Ukraine. Further study is needed to explore the possibilities for implementing measures for territorial development management, taking into account the reduction of budget financing and simultaneous prospects for attracting additional resources through the development of civil society, implementation of new projects and initiatives, cooperation between Ukrainian and European territorial communities, and the prompt implementation of new digital opportunities in all spheres of society's life, considering the needs of inclusive and smart development.

FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LOCAL BUDGETS: PROBLEMS AND DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY

Objective. The objective of the present article is to identify problems and directions for improving the effectiveness of the formation and execution of budgets of territorial communities. Methods. In the research process, the following general scientific methods and methods of cognition were used: methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis (for researching theoretical aspects of the budget process at the local level, determining the main problems of the formation and implementation of local budgets, developing directions for improving the efficiency of the formation and implementation of local budgets), systemic generalization (to determine the influence of advantages and disadvantages of decentralization on local budgets), statistical analysis (to assess the effectiveness of formation and implementation of local budgets). Results. According to the results of the conducted research, the essence of local budgets, the positive and negative consequences of the impact of decentralization on local budgets were considered, the main areas of evaluation of the effectiveness of the formation and implementation of local budgets were determined (analysis of financial stability (balance, financial independence, overall effectiveness of the budget); analysis of efficiency (financial productivity, economic and social efficiency)). Based on the example of the the Kryvyi Rih City Territorial Community, an analysis of the main indicators of the formation and implementation, as well as the effectiveness of the budget during 2018 - 2022, was carried out, according to the results of which the general trends of increasing tax revenues, decreasing the implementation of planned indicators of budget expenditures, increasing the level of financial sustainability of the budget, multidirectional trends were established indicators of budget efficiency (increase in the indicator of financial productivity, social efficiency; decrease in the coefficient of economic efficiency). General problems in the management of revenues and expenditures of local budgets have been identified: limited budget resources; insufficient financial stability; problems of forming the revenue part of local budgets and the need to identify reserves for their increase; failure to receive possible income from rent and payment of land tax from land plots of communal property that are not used; application of minimum land tax rates; ineffective management of communal property; nonreceipt of personal income tax due to informal employment of the population; improper use of interbudgetary transfers; insufficient transparency of budget formation and execution. Areas of increasing the efficiency of local budgets have been determined (increasing the revenue and expenditure capacity of the budget and making tax payments; ensuring stability and effective use of available funds, effective risk management and ensuring openness, public accounting, optimization and improvement of cost efficiency, involvement of local residents and other stakeholders in the process formation of the budget, implementation of measures to support the development of local economic potential to provide additional sources of income and increase their efficiency).

Tax policy as an effective tool for the development of the region

Subject. The article addresses the tax policy of the region, using the case of the Republic of Mordovia. Under the changing situation and external sanctions pressure, the priority of the Republic’s tax policy is to prevent the complication of economic situation, ensure stable tax conditions for business entities, strengthen the revenue base of the budget, increase the effectiveness of stimulating function of the tax system. Objectives. The aim is to assess the regional tax policy implementation and develop recommendations for improvement in the context of socio-economic development of the region. Methods. The study employs methods of scientific knowledge, i.e. systems, structural, comparative analyses, induction and deduction, synthesis. Results. We assessed the implementation of region’s tax policy, investigated the tax policy in the context of socio-economic development of the Republic of Mordovia, identified the main directions of the tax policy improvement as part of stimulating the socio-economic development. Conclusions. With limited budget resources, in order to minimize threats to financial security of the Republic of Mordovia, the tax policy of the region is aimed at reorientation of scarce funds by their redistribution to maintain social and financial stability, create conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic. The effectiveness of the policy implies socio-economic development, enhancement of the welfare of the population, reduction in the share of the shadow economy, increase in the competitiveness of the region, and, as a result, the growth of tax revenues to the budget.

Public-private partnership as a tool to stimulate innovation in the scientific and technical sphere

In a market economy, it is important to improve the technology of work and the efficiency of resource management. One of the most effective ways to attract investments for their development is to use the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP). PPP occupies an important place in the economy, affects the development of entrepreneurship, production, social sphere and modernization of the economy. With limited budgetary resources, PPP can also be considered as a new mechanism for attracting investments into the country's economy. In the article the authors tried to determine whether the interests of the state and entrepreneurship in the innovation sphere coincide to the greatest extent, and whether the joint resource power of the parties can contribute to the growth of priority sectors of the economy, increase the share of Kazakhstani goods and services in the foreign market of high-tech and knowledge-intensive products. In this regard, the authors propose a methodology and mechanism proving that the successful solution of innovative directions of entrepreneurship development in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be developed on the basis of the PPP mechanism. The implementation of innovation policy based on this idea and position is impossible without joint and coordinated work of the state and business sectors at all stages of the innovation process. The authors have comprehensively studied the role of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the innovative development of entrepreneurship. In addition, the modern conditions, when the financial and economic crisis has aggravated in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in which there are problems in the development of PPP, considered in the article deeply and comprehensively, are taken into account. A high level of management of innovation processes in private entrepreneurial structures functioning on the basis of PPP is envisaged as a mechanism for activation of innovative development of the country.

Labour relations in Kyrgyzstan and mechanisms for improving the environment in the training of qualified personnel

The relevance of this study is due to the problems of migration of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic due to unfavourable labour market conditions. In accordance with this, the purpose of the study is to find out the features of the current environment in the training of qualified personnel. Methods of logical analysis, synthesis, comparative-legal, formal-legal, and legal hermeneutics are used in the study to fulfil the tasks set. In the course of the study conducted, statistical data on the state of the labour market in the Kyrgyz Republic as of September 2023, by regions and years, are examined. According to this analysis, it is noted that in the context of years, the unemployment rate decreased by 4.5%, which indicates the effectiveness of the measures taken. The risks that exist in the implementation of state programmes to reduce unemployment were examined. These included limited budgetary resources of state bodies and the potential of employees of state bodies and local self-government bodies, increased migration due to the lack of jobs in Kyrgyzstan that provide more favourable conditions. A comparative legal analysis of the experience of the USA and Japan was conducted. This allowed identifying a number of features, namely: the active development of communication between management and staff, the introduction of human resource management structures, productivity improvement, effective staff selection, management, productivity incentives and employee certification, loyalty programmes for employees etc. The practical value of the results obtained consists in providing recommendations that will allow government agencies to eliminate current problems, reduce unemployment and increase labour productivity in Kyrgyzstan

Financial and security factors of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under martial law

The subject of the study is to determine the impact of military destruction, risks and threats and the resulting changes in the role of factors of functioning and competitiveness of domestic agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify and evaluate financial and security factors as the main ones for survival, achievement of competitive advantages and competitiveness of domestic agricultural enterprises in the conditions of war. The methodological basis of the article is the theoretical provisions of enterprise economics, a set of general scientific and special research methods, including: systematic approach, monographic, statistical and economic, analysis and synthesis of economic information. Results of the article. It is substantiated that the formation of competitive advantages and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises is formed by groups of factors of internal organisation and resource potential; customer orientation; competitors; and prospects. However, in the context of martial law, the factors of finance and security of agricultural enterprises have become of paramount importance. Security is understood as protection from missile attacks, invasion, mine contamination and mine explosions, safe accommodation and protection of people. The priorities of agribusinesses are to recover costs before generating profits. Financial performance remains a priority for innovation, staff development, and social responsibility and inclusion programmes. Field of application of results. The conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational process in the training of students of economic specialities. Conclusions. Domestic agribusiness forms the food security of the state and affects the food security of the world, and the state, with limited budgetary resources of direct support, is the key to the security and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under martial law.

State financial policy of economic development

Relevance of the research topic. State financial policy is an important mechanism of economic development. Financial support for the economic development of the state should be based on the use of a set of measures of a balanced budget and tax policy. It is important to improve the mechanisms of state financial policy under the conditions of limited budget resources. Considerable attention of state institutions should be focused on strengthening the stability and capacity of the financial system. Formulation of the problem. State financial policy should be an effective tool for ensuring the development of the economy. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the formation and implementation of state financial policy is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the scientific works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: A. Laffer, J. Stiglitz, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon , M. Pasichnyi, А. Nikitishyn, O. Samoshkina and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. The formation and implementation of the state financial policy for the development of the economy is important. It is expedient to implement systemic measures of financial and budgetary regulation taking into account the principles of subsidiarity, transparency and balance, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the use of budget funds. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The main tasks of the study are to reveal the essence of the formation and implementation of the state financial policy for the development of the economy, the main areas of improvement of the financial mechanism of economic development, further development of the system of financial support for the development of the economy based on the use of a set of measures of a balanced budget and tax policy. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations and improve the mechanisms of formation and implementation of the state financial policy of economic development. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the formation and implementation of the state financial policy of economic development is disclosed; received further development of the provisions on the system of financial support for the development of the economy based on the use of a set of measures of a balanced budget and tax policy. The theoretical foundations were developed and the financial mechanism of economic development was improved, it was determined that financial policy is an important tool for the development of society, with its help the state has the opportunity to influence the formation and use of financial resources in order to meet public needs. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of formation and implementation of the state financial policy. Conclusions according to the article. State financial policy is one of the important tools of influence on the economic development of the country. Important tasks in the conditions of transformational transformations are the implementation of an effective budget and tax policy, increasing the level of transparency of the budget process. In the process of formation and implementation of the state financial policy, it is necessary to ensure the conditions for restoring the trust of subjects of economic relations in the financial system. Further development of approaches to the development of tax policy will provide an opportunity to increase the degree of adaptability of the impact of taxation on the economic environment and the quality level of public finance management.

Budget policy in the conditions of economic transformations

Relevance of the research topic. The formation of the budget plays an important role in the system of state financial support for the socio-economic development of the country. The effectiveness of budget policy is determined by the level of development of financial and budgetary institutions aimed at economic growth. It is important to determine the economic essence and directions of budget policy as a tool for economic growth, the introduction of effective budget mechanisms in the conditions of economic transformations. Formulation of the problem. Budgetary policy in the conditions of economic transformations should be an effective tool for solving the main tasks of the socio-economic development of the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the formation and implementation of budget policy is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the scientific works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: Sh. Blancart, P. Samuelson, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, I. Lukyanenko, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon, V. Oparin, M. Pasichnyi, O. Samoshkina, V. Fedosov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. In the conditions of economic transformations, it is important to form and implement the budget policy as an effective tool for the socio-economic developmentof the country. Further development of the budget planning and execution system, improvement of the budget mechanism in conditions of limited budget resources is expedient. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The main tasks of the study are to reveal the essence of the formation and implementation of the budget policy in the conditions of economic transformations, the main directions of improvement of the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the country, thefurther development of the budget planning and execution system in the conditions of limited budget resources. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations and improve the mechanisms of budget policy formation and implementation in the conditions of economic transformations. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the formation and implementation of budget policy in the conditions of economic transformations is revealed; received further development of provisions regarding the budget planning and implementation system in conditions of limited budget resources. The theoretical foundations have been developed and the mechanisms for the formation and implementation of the budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country have been developed, it has been determined that the architecture of the budgetary policy should create institutional conditions for the functioning of the budgetary mechanism in order to effectively influence economic growth, comprehensive development of society, and increase the well-being of the population. The results of the research can be used in the process of formation andimplementation of budget policy. Conclusions according to the article. Effective use of budget funds is one of the important problems of budget planning and implementation in conditions of limited budget resources, and an important step towards solving this issue is the improvement of the budget expenditure management system of increasing the effectiveness of their use. The budgetary mechanism of the socio-economic development of the country in the conditions of martial law should provide for the effective and efficient achievement of the economic, social and defense priorities of the country’s development, which involves the planning of budget expenditures andresults from the use of budget funds.

STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: THE REGIONAL DIMENSION

The actualization and practical implementation of the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine began after 2015, when our country officially joined the global process of ensuring the Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the article is to study the place of local self-government in the financial support of the strategy for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine in the context of limited budgetary resources and decentralization. In the course of the analysis of the strategic role of local self-government in the financial support of the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine, it is found that municipal authorities, whose financial resources account for 35.0% of public finances, are responsible for achieving strategic objectives in the context of 7 Goals (41.2%). In order to assess the strategic potential of financial support for the Sustainable Development Goals at the regional level, the author proposes a methodological approach that takes into account the Pearson’s pairwise correlation coefficients. In this case, the values are taken that show a high density of stochastic relationship between the relevant indicator of formation and distribution of financial resources of local budgets and the indicator of the Sustainable Development Goals. There should also be an unidirectionality of Pearson’s coefficients with the intended purpose of the indicator. The progress in achieving the strategic objective (sub-objective) is based on the indicators with the highest correlation coefficients. It is substantiated that significant progress was made at the regional level in 2015-2021 with regard to Goal 17 «Partnership for Sustainable Development», since positive trends in the dynamics of 55% of the indicators of strategic objectives («sub-goals») were recorded. The author’s further research will focus on assessing progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine, the financial support of which is the responsibility of local self-government bodies, especially in the context of martial law.

Visitors’ willingness to pay for ecosystem conservation in Grenada

Understanding visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) for natural ecosystems can assist policymakers in managing the environmental assets that form the foundation of nature-based tourism. To earn the highest economic return from limited budgetary resources, tourist-dependent destinations must identify sustainable sources of conservation funding and prioritize spending across ecosystems and initiatives. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential for visitor donations to serve as a source of conservation funding and investigate preferences and willingness to pay for multiple ecosystems concurrently, using data from a stated preference survey administered in Grenada, a small island state in the southern Caribbean that relies on nature-based tourism. Results from a discrete choice experiment and a contingent valuation exercise reveal a reluctance to donate to conservation initiatives by more than half of respondents. Visitors place the highest value on improvements to coral reefs, followed by rainforests, mangroves, and beaches. Average willingness to donate to a conservation trust fund ranged from US $8.00 to US $15.00, and from US $17.00 to US $52.00 for conservation plans targeting improvements to specific ecosystems. Few factors are found to be associated with willingness to pay. Scale heterogeneity may be a more significant source of variation than preference heterogeneity.

Застосування методів лінійного програмування та оптимізації для підвищення ефективності бюджетних видатків у сфері фінансового забезпечення військ

B a c k g r o u n d . The relevance of this article lies in the fact that, in conditions of limited resources, the optimal allocation of financial resources is of great importance for the effective functioning of the state, including military units, as components of the budget system. The purpose of this study is to apply linear programming methods in combination with modern technologies to select the optimal allocation of resources to test a tool that will help institutions, including military units, use financial resources more efficiently and achieve maximum readiness and capabilities with limited budgetary resources. The object of the research. The object of study of this article is the process of financial support of military units as components of the state budget system. M e t h o d s . In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific the following methods of scientific cognition: logical, induction, deduction, classification, grouping - in the study and mechanism of financial support of military units; methods of economic and mathematical modeling, linear programming, formalization - in the formation of the model, its testing on data and development of proposals for its further application. R e s u l t s . The article considers the concept of a military unit from two main aspects: as a military unit and as a budgetary institution managing budgetary funds. Linear programming and modelling methods are used with the help of computer tools and in combination with modern technologies such as Python programming, Google Collaboratory, Jupyter notebook environment, Gurobi optimization library. Based on the results of the study, a financial resource allocation scheme was formed that maximizes the benefit from the use of a limited financial resource. C o n c l u s i o n s . The article explores the possibility of using linear programming methods to determine the optimal allocation of limited financial resources within a military organization among various activities required to meet a specific set of military unit needs, with potential alternative options (groups of options). As a result of the model optimization, the predetermined capabilities of the military unit were satisfied as follows: A – 100%, B – 0%, C – 71%, D – 90%, with the distribution of the financial resource (budget) appearing as follows: A – 29%, B – 0%, C – 37.5%, D – 33.5%, model also ensures 100% utilization of the designated financial resource.

РОЛЬ ИНСТИТУТА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РОССИИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The main distinguishing feature of the infrastructure is its auxiliary nature in relation to the main activity, i.e. providing well-established production processes or providing socially important services to the population. The level of infrastructure development of any country is one of the fundamental factors affecting both the quality of life of its population and the indicators of economic activity that contribute to economic growth. Health care system is the basis of life for any state and citizens, the state seeks to interact with the private sector in order to eliminate or reduce the gap between the required and actual volume of public services. Experiencing an acute shortage of budgetary funds, the public partner often turns to private investors and forms partnerships where they use their own funds to build or reconstruct a facility for the subsequent provision of services to the public and businesses. Having invested in the construction or renovation of a facility, a private company uses the asset to provide services and receives payments from customers and / or the state in order to return its investment and make a profit. The author in this article examines the mechanisms of public-private partnership for the improvement of Russian healthcare in the current economic conditions and limited budgetary resources to finance the creation of medical infrastructure. For this purpose, the main features of each existing PPP mechanism were analyzed, positive and constraining factors were identified that hinder the improvement of the quality of medical services provided to the population of Russia, as well as the interest of the business environment to enter into such a partnership.

Valuing Protected Area Tourism Ecosystem Services Using Big Data.

Economic value from protected areas informs decisions for biodiversity conservation and visitor benefits. Calculating these benefits assists governments to allocate limited budget resources. This study estimated tourism ecosystem service expenditure values for a regional protected area network in South Australia (57 parks) using direct transactional data, travel costs and economic multipliers. The big dataset came from a comprehensive booking system, which helped overcome common limitations associated with survey data (e.g., key areas rather than full network and high zero-value observations). Protected areas returned AU$373.8 million in the 2018-19 base year to the South Australian economy. The results indicate that combined estimation methods coupled to big data sets provide information on baseline expenditure to engage with critical conservation and tourism sites (e.g., Kangaroo Island). In this case they offer a unique full area network expenditure estimate which is an improvement on typical survey approaches, highlighting the advantage of protected area managers investing in big data. Finally, as South Australian protected areas exceed that in many other contexts the study offers important inputs to funding narratives and protected area expansion in line with global assessment targets.