Limitations Of Instruments Research Articles

A Scoping Review of Instruments Used to Measure Resilience in Samples of Nurses.

To identify and critically appraise instruments that have been used to measure nurse resilience. A scoping review. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted using four electronic databases CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Emcare from the year 2012 to December 2024. The titles, then abstracts, of retrieved articles were screened by the authors against inclusion and exclusion criteria, then full-text screening was performed using Rayyan. Data about the study characteristics and the instruments used to measure nurse resilience were extracted. Copies of the instruments used to measure resilience were obtained and appraised. Of the n = 4694 publications identified in the initial search n = 386 were included in the scoping review. Studies originated in n = 45 countries, the majority were conducted in China (n = 119) and the United States of America (n = 53). Across the n = 386 included studies, n = 15 instruments to measure resilience were identified and critically appraised. The scores for the instruments critically appraised ranged from 0 to 6 out of a total possible score of 11. Synthesis of results examined instrument development, instrument features and application of instruments. Critical appraisal of the instruments used to measure nurse resilience revealed significant deficiencies. None of the instruments included all of the key attributes and factors that influence nurse resilience. There was a predominant focus on individual factors and little consideration of the influence of nursing work environments. Due to the shortcomings of the existing instruments, there are currently substantial limitations in our understanding of nurse resilience and how to measure it. A profession-specific comprehensive measure of nurse resilience needs to be developed to better capture the attributes of nurse resilience. This review highlights the limitations of instruments applied to measure nurse resilience. The JBI scoping review framework. No patient or public contribution.

Colorimetric CRISPR Biosensor: A Case Study with Salmonella Typhi.

There is a critical need to implement a sensitive and specific point-of-care (POC) biosensor that addresses the instrument limitations and manufacturing challenges faced in resource-constrained contexts. In this paper we focus on enteric fever which is a highly contagious and prevalent infection in low- and middle-income countries. Although easily treatable, its ambiguous symptoms paired with a lack of fast, accurate and affordable diagnostics lead to incorrect treatments which exacerbate the disease burden, including increasing antibiotic resistance. In this study, we develop a readout module for CRISPR-Cas12a that produces a colorimetric output that is visible to the naked eye and can act as a cascade signal amplifier in any CRISPR assay based on trans-cleavage. We achieve this by immobilizing an oligo covalently linked to a β-galactosidase (LacZ) enzyme, which is cleaved in the presence of DNA target-activated CRISPR-Cas12a. Upon cleavage, the colorimetric enzyme is released, and the supernatant transferred to an environment containing X-Gal producing an intense blue color. This method is capable of detecting amplified bacterial genomic DNA and has a lower limit of detection (LoD) to standard fluorescent assays while removing the requirement for costly equipment. Furthermore, it remained active 4 weeks after lyophilization, allowing for the possibility of shipment without cold chain, significantly reducing deployment costs.

Constraining Solar Emission Radius at 42 MHz During the 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Using a Student-commissioned Radio Telescope

Abstract Low-frequency solar radio emission is sourced in the solar corona, with sub-100 MHz radio emission largely originating from the ∼105 K plasma around 2 optical radii. However, the region of emission has yet to be constrained at 35–45 MHz due to both instrumentation limitations and the rarity of astronomical events, such as total solar eclipses, which allow for direct observational approaches. In this work, we present the results from a student-led project to commission a low-frequency radio telescope array situated in the path of totality of the 2024 total solar eclipse in an effort to probe the middle corona. The Deployable Low-Band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (DLITE) is a low-frequency radio array comprised of four dipole antennas, optimized to observe at 35–45 MHz, and capable of resolving the brightest radio sources in the sky. We constructed a DLITE station in Observatory Park, a dark-sky park in Montville, Ohio. Results of observations during the total solar eclipse demonstrate that DLITE stations can be quickly deployed for observations and provide constraints on the radius of solar emission at our center observing frequency of 42 MHz. In this work, we outline the construction of DLITE Ohio and the solar observation results from the total solar eclipse that transversed North America in 2024 April.

Estimating ocean currents from the joint reconstruction of absolute dynamic topography and sea surface temperature through deep learning algorithms

Abstract. Our study focuses on absolute dynamic topography (ADT) and sea surface temperature (SST) mapping from satellite observations, with the primary objective of improving the satellite-derived ADT (and derived geostrophic currents) spatial resolution. Retrieving consistent high-resolution ADT and SST information from space is challenging, due to instrument limitations, sampling constraints, and degradations introduced by the interpolation algorithms used to obtain gap-free (L4) analyses. To address these issues, we developed and tested different deep learning methodologies, specifically convolutional neural network (CNN) models that were originally proposed for single-image super resolution. Building upon recent findings, we conduct an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) relying on Copernicus numerical model outputs (with respective temporal and spatial resolutions of 1 d and 1/24°), and we present a strategy for further refinements. Previous OSSEs combined low-resolution L4 satellite equivalent ADTs with high-resolution “perfectly known” SSTs to derive high-resolution sea surface dynamical features. Here, we introduce realistic SST L4 processing errors and modify the network to concurrently predict high-resolution SST and ADT from synthetic, satellite equivalent L4 products. This modification allows us to evaluate the potential enhancement in the ADT and SST mapping while integrating dynamical constraints through tailored, physics-informed loss functions. The neural networks are thus trained using OSSE data and subsequently applied to the Copernicus Marine Service satellite-derived ADTs and SSTs, allowing us to reconstruct super-resolved ADTs and geostrophic currents at the same spatiotemporal resolution of the model outputs employed for the OSSE. A 12-year-long time series of super-resolved geostrophic currents (2008–2019) is thus presented and validated against in situ-measured currents from drogued drifting buoys and via spectral analyses. This study suggests that CNNs are beneficial for improving standard altimetry mapping: they generally sharpen the ADT gradients, with consequent correction of the surface currents direction and intensities with respect to the altimeter-derived products. Our investigation is focused on the Mediterranean Sea, quite a challenging region due to its small Rossby deformation radius (around 10 km).

IR-Driven Multisignal Conditioning for Multiplex Detection: Thermal-Responsive Triple DNA-Mediated Reconfigurable Photoelectrochemical/Photothermal Dual-Mode Strategy.

Superior to traditional multiplex photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, integrated multitarget assay on a single reconstructive electrode interface is promising in real-time detection through eliminating the need of specialized instrumentation and cumbersome interfacial modifications. Current interface reconstruction approaches including pH modulation and bioenzyme cleavage involve biohazardous and time-consuming operations, which cannot meet the demand for rapid, eco-friendly, and portable detection, which are detrimental to the development of multiplex PEC sensors toward portability. Herein, we report a pioneer work on IR-driven "four-to-one" multisignal conditioning to facile reconfigure electrode interface for multitarget detection via photoelectrochemical/photothermal dual mode. The copper sulfide quantum dot (CuS QD) with excellent photoelectrochemical properties and a photothermal effect is first labeled on DNA S2. Once the CuS QD-S2 complementarily pairs with the DNA S3 on the photocathode surface, thermal-responsive triple DNA is formed, and the photocurrent and photothermal dual-mode signals for one target assay are produced. Upon the dissociation of the triple DNA by IR irradiation, the electrode interface is reconfigured for the self-calibrating dual-mode detection of another target. The feasibility of the IR-driven multisignal conditioning sensor is confirmed by detecting coexistent antibiotics kanamycin (KANA) and neomycin (NEO) in complex real samples. The low-loss interface reconfiguration and rapid "four-to-one" multisignal modulation highlight a broad prospect for self-calibrating multiplex assay in the fields of environment, medicine, and food safety.

Changes in the Flavor of Cold-Pressed Tiger Nut Oil (Cyperus esculentus L.) During Refining Processes and Evaluation of Its Thermal Properties.

Oil extracted from tiger nut is a good, edible source owing to its richness in unsaturated fatty acids. This study investigated the effects of the refining processes on the flavor components of crude tiger nut oil by GC-MS and focused on the thermal stability of the refined oil under high-temperature conditions. Three different refining processes were evaluated: citric acid-assisted hydration degumming, alkali deacidification and bleaching. In the present study, the neutralization refining resulted in 11.67% losses. The refined oil had higher brightness and transparency. Moreover, 109 volatiles were identified, mainly including aldehydes, alcohols, pyrazines and furans, the characteristic flavor compounds of which present a fatty, fresh and nutty flavor. Hence, the refining processes have a significant effect on the flavor components of tiger nut oil, and the accumulated information can be helpful in increasing the tiger nut oil quality to meet the market value. The results of the thermal properties indicated the significant degradation of oleic acid and linoleic acid with prolonged heating, leading to increases in the acid value by 17 times and the peroxide value by 31 times after prolonged heating at 210 °C for 10 h compared with those without heating. When the refined tiger nut oil was heated at 210 °C for 4 h, the carbonyl value (62.6 meq/kg) exceeded the recommended value, and after heating for 8 h, the total polar compound percentages (50%, the instrument limit value) also exceeded the national standard. In order to extend the cooking heating time, it is necessary to appropriately decrease the heating temperature. This study provides a scientific reference for the frying of tiger nut oil in food and the high-temperature treatment of food containing tiger nut oil.

Introduction of magneto-fluorescence fluctuation microspectroscopy for investigating quantum effects in biology

Magnetic field effects on radical pairs in chemical systems are generally well understood and have been successfully investigated with various spectroscopic techniques. However, understanding radical pairs and their quantum nature in biological systems is still in its infancy, which is due to the limitation of high-sensitivity instrumentation. Another reason for this lack of understanding is due to the complexity of biochemical reactions and minute magnetic field-induced changes on radical pair reactions (as low as or lower than a percent). The system design presented here is a new optical system to capture the quantum mechanical nature of biology with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Our magneto-fluorescence fluctuation microspectroscopic approach has the capability of measuring magnetic field effects as low as 0.2% on fluorescence signals near the single-photon level with single-photon avalanche diodes, and is demonstrated by magnetic field effects on 23 molecules. An additional detection system in the form of an EMCCD camera offers spatially resolved magnetic field effects with a novel post hoc digital lock-in amplifier for phase-sensitive camera detection. The aforementioned attributes are demonstrated with radical pair photochemical reactions on model biological systems. The instrument uncovers the importance of photodegradation on protein–flavin interactions via magnetic field effects, which will prove paramount when searching for similar quantum effects in biological locales.

Making sense of sentinels: wildlife as the One Health bridge for environmental antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), arising from decades of imprudent anthropogenic use of antimicrobials in healthcare and agriculture, is considered one of the greatest One Health crises facing healthcare globally. Antimicrobial pollutants released from human-associated sources are intensifying resistance evolution in the environment. Due to various ecological factors, wildlife interact with these polluted ecosystems, acquiring resistant bacteria and genes. Although wildlife are recognized reservoirs and disseminators of AMR in the environment, current AMR surveillance systems still primarily focus on clinical and agricultural settings, neglecting this environmental dimension. Wildlife can serve as valuable sentinels of AMR in the environment, reflecting ecosystem health, and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. This review explores knowledge gaps surrounding the ecological factors influencing AMR acquisition and dissemination in wildlife, and highlights limitations in current surveillance systems and policy instruments that do not sufficiently address the environmental component of AMR. We discuss the underutilized opportunity of using wildlife as sentinel species in a holistic, One Health-centred AMR surveillance system. By better integrating wildlife into systematic AMR surveillance and policy, and leveraging advances in high-throughput technologies, we can track and predict resistance evolution, assess the ecological impacts, and better understand the complex dynamics of environmental transmission of AMR across ecosystems.

1T-MoS2: UMA BREVE REVISÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES E APLICAÇÕES DESTE POLIMORFO METÁLICO DO DISSULFETO DE MOLIBDÊNIO

1T-MoS2: A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF THIS METALLIC POLYMORPH OF THE MOLYBDENUM DISULDIFE. Due to its excellent physicochemical properties, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as one of the most promising two-dimensional materials, comparable to graphene. This material can occur in three polymorphic/polytypic structures (1T, 2H and 3R) but this article will only focus on the polymorph 1T-MoS2 and its distorted variants 1T’, 1T” and T”’. Thus, our objective is to summarize recent advances in understanding the properties of this metallic polytype. Due to their sui generis structures, anisotropic properties, and possibilities of being delaminated and exfoliated and their layers manipulated and reassembled in the most diverse ways, they offer a world of opportunities for future applications, it is enough to have a fertile imagination for important contributions to emerge, even in research centers that have instrumental limitations and specialized personnel.

Machine learning-integrated droplet microfluidic system for accurate quantification and classification of microplastics.

Microplastic (MP) pollution poses serious environmental and public health concerns, requiring efficient detection methods. Conventional techniques have the limitations of labor-intensive workflows and complex instrumentation, hindering rapid on-site field analysis. Here, we present the Machine learning (ML)-Integrated Droplet-based REal-time Analysis of MP (MiDREAM) system. Utilizing a compact peristaltic pump, the system achieved high-throughput droplet generation (> 200 Hz) while encapsulating MPs in uniform droplets (142 ± 8 μm). A high-resolution complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor combined with an optimized YOLO v8 ML model was employed for real-time analysis, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.982 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 97.64 %. Comparative analysis with hemocytometer counting and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) demonstrated the superior performance of the system, demonstrating high correlation (R² = 0.9965) and minimal deviation (6.36 %) from theoretical values. The system accurately classified MPs of different sizes, achieving accuracies of 95.4 %, 87.9 %, 95.3 %, 85.3 %, and 92.5 % for 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50 μm particles, respectively. Validation with real-world water samples confirmed the system adaptability, while maintaining high detection accuracy (> 90 %). The on-site field tests of MiDREAM system also demonstrated its robust performance for environmental monitoring in a variety of environments. Therefore, our portable and integrated MiDREAM system offers a promising solution for real-time environmental monitoring applications.

A review of wrist mechanism design and the application in gastrointestinal minimally invasive surgery of multi-degree-of-freedom surgical laparoscopic instruments.

This paper aims to comprehensively review current designs of Multi-degree-of-freedom (Multi-DOF) wrist mechanisms and the applications of Multi-DOF surgical instruments in gastrointestinal minimally invasive surgery (MIS). By reviewing the advantages and limitations of traditional laparoscopic and robotic surgical instruments, we present the development of Multi-DOF surgical instruments. Then, we summarize the Multi-DOF wrist mechanisms, delineating their pros and cons. Finally, the surgical outcomes and efficiency of Multi-DOF surgical instruments are reviewed. The utilization of Multi-DOF surgical instruments for both benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases demonstrates perioperative outcomes comparable to traditional laparoscopic and robotic surgeries. In certain aspects, it exhibits advantages such as shorter operative times and faster gastrointestinal function recovery. Further research is needed to effectively combine these driving mechanisms to achieve a new type of transmission mechanism with high rigidity and precision, ample working space, and decoupled degrees of freedom. Multi-DOF surgical instruments offer the advantages of high flexibility and lower costs, displaying good feasibility and safety in practical clinical applications within gastrointestinal surgery. Their promotion in primary care hospitals could benefit a larger patient population. However, more extensive sample-sized multicenter studies are still warranted to elucidate such surgical instruments' advantages further.

Transoral Robotic Posterior Glottic Scar Lysis and Partial Arytenoidectomy: Report of a Novel Application of TORS for Benign Glottic Surgery.

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for benign glottic conditions is scarcely represented in the literature. We aimed in this study to report on the technical feasibility of an explicitly transoral robotic approach for a patient with posterior glottic stenosis, and to highlight extant limitations in exposure and robotic instrumentation of the glottis. Retrospective chart review of a single patient undergoing a TORS approach to maximize the posterior glottic aperture. A 42-year-old female patient with posterior glottic stenosis and a tracheotomy was consented for a robotic posterior glottic scar lysis, KTP-laser assisted partial arytenoidectomy, balloon dilation, and steroid injection. The da Vinci Intuitive Surgical single-port robotic platform was used with 2 robotic arms (needle driver and scissors), and an FK-WO transoral retractor with a straight tongue blade was deployed to facilitate endolaryngeal exposure. KTP laser fiber was passed through a robotic, semi-flexible drop-in guide, and manipulated with the needle driver. Case duration was 40 minutes. There were no perioperative or immediate post-operative complications noted on short-term follow-up. We demonstrate technical feasibility and equipoise between an explicitly robotic approach and a standard endoscopic approach to posterior glottic stenosis, a common glottic condition. Further technological development and adaptation of surgical technique are necessary to advance benign robotic laryngeal surgery.

Ultrasensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Gatifloxacin Using Au@Ag Nanoparticles as a Signal-Enhancing Label.

Gatifloxacin (GAT), an antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone (FQ) class, is a toxicant that may contaminate food products. In this study, a method of ultrasensitive immunochromatographic detection of GAT was developed for the first time. An indirect format of the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was performed. GAT-specific monoclonal antibodies and labeled anti-species antibodies were used in the LFIA. Bimetallic core@shell Au@Ag nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) were synthesized as a new label. Peroxidase-mimic properties of Au@Ag NPs allowed for the catalytic enhancement of the signal on test strips, increasing the assay sensitivity. A mechanism of Au@Ag NPs-mediated catalysis was deduced. Signal amplification was achieved through the oxidative etching of Au@Ag NPs by hydrogen peroxide. This resulted in the formation of gold nanoparticles and Ag+ ions, which catalyzed the oxidation of the peroxidase substrate. Such "chemical enhancement" allowed for reaching the instrumental limit of detection (LOD, calculated by Three Sigma approach) and cutoff of 0.8 and 20 pg/mL, respectively. The enhanced assay procedure can be completed in 21 min. The enhanced LFIA was tested for GAT detection in raw meat samples, and the recoveries from meat were 78.1-114.8%. This method can be recommended as a promising instrument for the sensitive detection of various toxicants.

Electron Transfer Dissociation of Alkali-Cationized Phosphatidylcholines Allows Easy Double Bonds and sn-1/sn-2 Localizations.

The emergence of new mass spectrometry (MS) dissociation methods has highlighted lipid isomers as new biomarkers. Only a few commercial methods without derivatization are available to characterize phosphatidylcholines (PCs) at the isomeric level. We propose to use electron transfer dissociation (ETD) as a method to determine the position of both double bonds and stereo numbering (sn) on glycerol for PC species. Doubly charged PCs were analyzed using alkali salts to promote the formation of [PC + 2Alk]2+ species. ETD-MS2 experiments were performed using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer with an ESI source to annotate sn-positions. ETD-CID-MS3 experiments were then done on ETnoD [M + 2Alk]+• or [M + 2Alk-N(CH3)3]+• species to localize double bond positions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and cyclic ion mobility spectrometry c-IMS-MS/MS experiments were used to support fragmentation assumptions. ETD-MS2 experiments exhibit a systematic sn-2 favorable cleavage, allowing sn-positioning through a radical cation-driven mechanism supported by DFT calculations. This behavior contrasts with CID experiments, in which the initial positioning of alkali cations influences ester bond cleavage, as shown by c-IMS-MS/MS experiments. The dissociation process studied for ETD-CID-MS3 experiments on 10 different PC isomers allowed us to localize double bonds for either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated species. The dissociation rules established for ETD-MS2 and ETD-CID-MS3 experiments on PC isomers enable their annotation at the isomeric level without instrumental modification or complex sample preparation. This method could be easily coupled to LC separation using post-column introduction of an alkali salt for complex mixture analysis.

Defence and political integration in the EU: France's particular role

In 2023 INION RAS published a monograph entitled “The Military-Political Dimension of European Integration: The Position of France” by Alexander S. Sidorov, the reputable specialist on France and military expert. The release of such a study seems to be very timely because of a broad expert discussion regarding the European Union's quest for strategic autonomy and its feasibility amid the confrontation between Russia and the West. The author of the book proposes to re-explore the history of political integration in the EU and highlights the special role of France as the initiator of many projects. He emphasizes that the French elites sought to focus the integration process in favor of their own national interests, seeing the emergence of a European power as a way to reinforce France's global positions. Based on the book this article states that, despite some continuity in the European policy of the French presidents, their strategy has been implemented differently over time. The key problem was the limited room for maneuver: realizing the limitations of national instruments of great-power politics, Charles de Gaulle's successors made more and more concessions to their European partners to deepen the integration process. Nowadays, the “Europe of defense” has a wide range of directions and formats, the expansion of which has been achieved by the current president Emmanuel Macron. Yet, there is still no unconditional unity of approaches to this process, and French diplomacy has not fully achieved its goals. As Alexander S. Sidorov rightly summarizes, a united Europe has not become a self-sufficient military and political power, and is unlikely to become one in the nearest future. This raises questions for further discussion on the effectiveness of France's leadership and the extent of its real influence in a changing world.

Screen-Printed PVDF Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer for Unsteadiness Study of Oblique Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction.

Shock wave boundary/layer interactions (SWBLIs) are critical in high-speed aerodynamic flows, particularly within supersonic regimes, where unsteady dynamics can induce structural fatigue and degrade vehicle performance. Conventional measurement techniques, such as pressure-sensitive paint (PSP), face limitations in frequency response, calibration complexity, and intrusive instrumentation. Similarly, MEMS-based sensors, like Kulite® sensors, present challenges in terms of intrusiveness, cost, and integration complexity. This study presents a flexible, lightweight polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric sensor array designed for high-resolution wall-pressure measurements in SWBLI research. The primary objective is to optimize low-frequency pressure fluctuation detection, addressing SWBLI's need for accurate, real-time measurements of low-frequency unsteadiness. Fabricated using a double-sided screen-printing technique, this sensor array is low-cost, flexible, and provides stable, high-sensitivity data. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations indicate that the sensor structure also has potential for high-frequency responses, behaving as a high-pass filter with minimal signal attenuation up to 300 kHz, although the current study's experimental testing is focused on low-frequency calibration and validation. A custom low-frequency sound pressure setup was used to calibrate the PVDF sensor array, ensuring uniform pressure distribution across sensor elements. Wind tunnel tests at Mach 2 verified the PVDF sensor's ability to capture pressure fluctuations and unsteady behaviors consistent with those recorded by Kulite sensors. The findings suggest that PVDF sensors are promising alternatives for capturing low-frequency disturbances and intricate flow structures in advanced aerodynamic research, with high-frequency performance to be further explored in future work.

µ-NMR Technology for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a versatile method that non-invasively provides detailed insights into the atomic and molecular information of samples containing non-zero spin nuclei, facilitating observations of their structure, dynamics, and interactions. By miniaturizing NMR systems, micro-NMR (µ-NMR) devices overcome the limitations of traditional bulky NMR instruments, making them more portable, cost-effective, and suitable for a wide range of applications. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and potential applications of µ-NMR in the field of biomedicine. Beginning with an overview of the principles underlying NMR, this paper explains the fundamental concepts essential for understanding µ-NMR technology. It then delves into miniaturization techniques, detailing advancements in microcoils and probes and the development and integration with microfluidics, which have enhanced the sensitivity, portability, and versatility of µ-NMR devices. Ultimately, this review discusses the current biomedical applications of µ-NMR, including molecular imaging, metabolomics, biomarker detection, and point-of-care diagnosis, and highlights the potential of this technology to revolutionize precision medicine and healthcare. Despite the promising applications, challenges such as sensitivity, spectral resolution, and integration with other technologies are discussed, along with recent advances and innovations aimed at addressing these limitations.

Burnout: a comprehensive review

Burnout has been the focus of extensive scientific research. The World Health Organization officially recognized burnout as an occupational phenomenon, defined as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress that remains unmanaged and characterized by three dimensions: exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. Existing literature highlights limitations in current measurement instruments for diagnostic purposes. These tools often yield scores that overlap with other conditions such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Chronic exposure to high job demands and low job resources emerges as the primary trigger for burnout. While individual characteristics (such as neuroticism) may increase susceptibility, specific personality traits associated with higher risk remain unclear. Burnout has adverse effects on both individuals and organizations. Typical interventions focus on stress relief and coping strategies to manage high job demands, but their effectiveness diminishes over time. Evidence from organizational interventions suggests that improving employees’ working conditions can reduce burnout risk. Combined interventions offer promise by creating a healthy work environment while empowering employees to handle occasional stress. Social partners should advocate for support in researching burnout, aiming for a clear diagnosis, effective treatment, and preventive measures to mitigate psychosocial risks in the workplace.Practical Relevance: The findings of this article highlight the importance of addressing both job demands and job resources to mitigate burnout in organizational settings. Implementing interventions that improve working conditions and provide adequate support can significantly reduce burnout risk and enhance employee well-being. Organizations should prioritize creating a healthy work environment and empowering employees with the necessary resources to manage workload effectively.

Post-ICP Chemical Ionization MS for Total Extractable Organic Fluorine Quantitation.

Total extractable organic fluorine (EOF) quantitation complements targeted analyses to ensure complete accounting of all fluorochemicals in a sample. Notably, the prevalence of perfluoroalkyl substances has increased the need for total EOF quantitation due to the myriad forms of these chemicals and the limited availability of standards for targeted analysis. Here, we evaluate postplasma chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS), an approach developed to address the limitations of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS in F analysis, for total EOF quantitation. Organofluorine-containing samples are introduced into an ICP, leading to the post-ICP formation of HF, which is then ionized to ScFNO3(H2O) n + and detected by quadrupole MS. We report optimal F detection across a wide range of ICP operating parameters, highlighting robust ion generation processes. We then compare sample introduction methods and show that a single-pass spray chamber mitigates volatility-related biases, yielding compound-independent F response factors and an instrumental detection limit of 2.2 ng of F mL-1 by using flow injections. This detection limit is 10-fold better than that offered by ICP-MS and comparable to that of combustion ion chromatography. Subsequently, we conduct total EOF quantitation of food contact paper products via methanolic extraction of 3 cm × 3 cm samples followed by 8-fold preconcentration with solid phase extraction and flow injections, achieving a detection limit of 1.2 ng F cm-2. We show that organic fluorine is detected on all 9 locally collected food contact paper products with total EOF contents of 22-363 ng F cm-2. These studies expand elemental MS capabilities in F analysis and highlight post-ICP chemical ionization MS as a facile total EOF quantitation technique.

Three-Component Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method for Far Detection in Boreholes

Abstract Time-domain electromagnetic measurement technology in boreholes enables geological exploration on a reservoir scale using short-distance detectors. This technology overcomes the limitations of conventional frequency-domain instruments, which require long-distance detection by reducing frequency and increasing source distance. It provides panoramic, forward, and deep borehole perspectives. Time-domain electromagnetic logging provides timely information on the distance to the formation interface ahead of the detector. This introduces a novel method for borehole measurements, useful for geological boundary detection, fracture effect evaluation, and identifying the water drive front. Research the response characteristics of time-domain electromagnetic waves in boreholes under various scenarios using time-domain finite element numerical simulation. Pilot experiments demonstrate the promising potential of time-domain electromagnetic remote detection technology for borehole exploration.