Limited Period Research Articles

Insights Into Medicine Expiry Awareness Among the Population of Rural South India: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

The practice of noticing the expiry date of medicines has improved in recent decades. But, still, there are various factors that hinder this practice and make people use medicines that are expired. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of the expiry date of medicines among the rural population at Thiruvennainallur, in Tamil Nadu, India, and to explore the barriers that hinder the viewing of the expiry date of medicines among the rural population. The study involved both the quantitative phase and the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, consenting participants who were residing in the service areas of our Rural Health Training Center (RHTC) at Thiruvennainallur were recruited as study participants by systematic random sampling technique. For the qualitative phase, we conducted in-depth interviews with the study participants using the purposive sampling method. Out of 182 participants, the number of females (92, 50.5%) was more when compared to males. The majority of the participants were married (152, 85.7%). Around 84 (46.2%) of participants had completed secondary education, and 80 (44%) belonged to Class IV socioeconomic status. About 80.2% purchased medicine using a prescription. The majority of the participants had the awareness that manufactured medicines can be used only for a limited period of time (70.3%) and awareness that expired medicines can cause harm (155, 85.2%). Tablets (159, 87.4%) were the most common form of medicine used. The majority, around 63 (34.6%) of the respondents, considered illiteracy as a reason for not checking the expiration date of medicines. Lack of knowledge regarding the expiry date of medicine and not considering it as necessary were the major reasons for not noticing the expiry date of medicine by the majority of the respondents. Creating awareness about the ill effects of expired medicines would improve the practice of noticing the expiry date of the medicine.

Biophysical Approach to Understand Life and Cancer

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrom the perspective of biology, the characteristics of life can be categorized as cellular organizations, homeostasis, metabolism, growth, reproduction and heredity, response to stimuli and adaptation to the environment. From the perspective of physics, living organisms are highly ordered, complex, thermodynamically open systems; they are in non‐equilibrium phase. According to the second law of thermodynamics, every system in the universe is going to the disorder spontaneously. Maximum entropy signifies a thermodynamic equilibrium which means the death. Today, cancer is a major global health problem and despite the explosive development of our knowledge about the carcinogenesis the “war on cancer” has not yet been won.AimsTo examine life and cancer together based on current biophysical approach and to shed light on new paradigms.Materials & MethodsA systematic literature search for publications on a thermodynamic approach to understand life and cancer was conducted in PubMed without language restrictions. The reference lists of identified studies were also used as additional knowledge.ResultsLiving organisms exchange entropy and they gain information from the external environment. Information can be stored as memory. Life is a category of emergence like art composed from correct modules. On the contrary, cancer is the emergence of a disease formed by incorrect modules. Cancer is a chaotic disease at least for a limited period and cannot arise from healthy functional tissue units. Chaos of the lower level may be associated with the entropy increase of upper level.ConclusionsBiologic chaos control is possible.

Suspension of the limitation period due to notification ofthe legal successor about the initiation of proceedings ina case concerning a tax crime or tax off ense

The article discusses the controversies related to Article 70 6 point 1 of the Tax Ordinance Act of August 29,1997, which provides for the suspension of the limitation period for tax liabilities in the event of initiating proceedingsfor a tax crime or tax offense. Referring to the controversies previously discussed in doctrine and case law,concerning the lack of a requirement to notify the taxpayer about the initiation of proceedings and subsequentlythe instrumental use of tax crime proceedings to suspend the limitation period for tax liabilities, the article raisesthe question of the effectiveness of suspending the limitation period due to notifying the taxpayer’s legal successor.The practice of initiating proceedings against the legal successors of the taxpayer after the cessation of itslegal existence or transformation of its legal form applies, for example, to situations where a company, againstwhich tax authorities have initiated a control or tax proceedings, undergoes a division through acquisition. Adoptingthe primacy of the literal interpretation of Article 70 6 point 1 of the Tax Ordinance, it should be consideredthat the suspension of the limitation period due to notification of the legal successor is ineffective. On the otherhand, applying a purposive interpretation allows preventing practices of avoiding tax liability by taxpayers undergoingreorganization.

Supervised learning based iterative learning control platform for optimal HVAC start-stop in a real building context

In comparison to commonly employed iterative learning controls and reinforced learning techniques in model predictive controls for buildings, a supervised learning based iterative learning control platform that is more suitable and computationally efficient for real-world applications is proposed. The proposed control system relies on a data-driven model and utilizes the Random Forest algorithm to develop an HVAC start-stop model; this model considers only a limited system history period that can influence the current state, thus avoiding prolonged learning periods and time-consuming exploration. Specifically, within the current timeframe, the HVAC start-stop model learns from daily errors, and start and stop times “labeled as adjusted” accordingly.The proposed platform was validated against the TRNSYS baseline of a research facility, which was meticulously calibrated with actual measurements. In comparison with the convention, the proposed approach yielded significant energy savings of 6.5–7.6 % in HVAC annual energy consumption, while maintaining temperature comfort for approximately 97–98 % of the annual operating days. Notably, by implementing supply air volume ramp-up in conjunction with HVAC optimal start control, temperature comfort for up to 99 % of the annual operating days was achieved, along with a notable 9.7 % reduction in HVAC annual energy consumption.

Olfactory training: perspective from people who were disturbed by their smell problems

PurposeOlfactory training (OT) is an effective and affordable option in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Despite significant progress in the field in recent years, some factors influencing OT participation remain unclear.MethodsBased on an anonymous online survey orchestrated by AbScent.org the present study enrolled 450 participants and divided them into OT (n = 161) and No OT (n = 289) groups based on their OT participation. Participants also provided information on demographics, medical history, quality of life, OT duration for those who engaged in OT, and the reasons for non-participation in OT among those who did not.ResultsPatients who had greater loss of quality of life participated more in OT. Similarly, more participation was observed in patients who noticed an improvement in their ability to smell. Notably, most of the sample engaged in OT trained less than four weeks (73%). In the No OT group, the primary barrier to OT participation was the unawareness of OT treatment (37%) and these barriers differed by age, where older people expressed interest but were unaware of OT treatment, while younger individuals exhibited more cautiousness about its effectiveness.ConclusionLower quality of life drives active OT participation. Limited training periods and unawareness of OT serve as potential barriers to olfactory recovery. Clinicians should actively promote the background of OT and underscore the significance of adhering to the “prescribed” training regimen.

Investigating the market share convergence and welfare potentials of asymmetric train access charges for the commercial passenger rail services

A recent market liberalisation of commercial passenger rail services since 2020 has brought a new era for long-distance transport in the EU. However, drawing from the experiences of countries with unsuccessful entry attempts, we investigate the effects of asymmetric train access charges (TAC). Asymmetric access regulation is based on lower access charges for entrants than for incumbents for a limited period in order to induce convergence of railway undertakings' (RU) market shares. Intending to compare the effects of symmetric and asymmetric TAC, we model oligopoly competition in the number of offered seats between the incumbent (Inoui) and entrant (Trenitalia) on the Paris–Lyon line, the first case of asymmetric TAC regulation on railways. In the first year of competition, consumer surplus, entrant's profit, and total welfare without infrastructure manager's profit increased with asymmetric TAC compared to symmetric TAC without discounts. As the discount for entrant diminishes over time, all previous welfare elements monotonically decline. By introducing new departures and running double trainsets, the entrant can reverse this monotonically declining trend. This implies that asymmetric TAC should provide additional incentives for entrants to increase their frequency and number of offered seats.

Enhancing operational scale in SMEs through coopetition: Insights from the Portuguese ornamental stone industry

This study explores whether coopetition enhances scale determinants for SMEs, focusing on a case study in the Portuguese Ornamental Stone sector. The findings show that transitioning to coopetition networks positively impacts scale determinants in this sector. These improvements highlight coopetition's potential to drive operational efficiency, resource optimization, and market responsiveness, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 9, and 12. However, the study's limitations include a specific focus on Portuguese SMEs and a limited data collection period, indicating the need for broader and longer-term research. Future research should extend to different sectors and regions, incorporate a broader range of KPIs, and consider external factors affecting coopetition outcomes. This would provide a more comprehensive understanding of coopetition's role in fostering sustainable growth and innovation in SMEs. This research contributes to theory by leveraging S-D Logic and open innovation to enhance coopetition, showcasing their practical application in SMEs.

The key role of extreme weather and climate change in the occurrence of exceptional fire seasons in south-central Chile

Unprecedentedly large areas were burned during the 2016/17 and 2022/23 fire seasons in south-central Chile (34-39°S). These seasonal-aggregated values were mostly accounted for human-caused wildfires within a limited period in late January 2017 and early February 2023. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the meteorological conditions during these events, from local to hemispheric scales, and formally assess the contribution of climate change to their occurrence. To achieve this, we gathered monthly fire data from the Chilean Forestry Corporation and daily burned area estimates from satellite sources. In-situ and gridded data provided near-surface atmospheric insights, ERA5 reanalysis helped analyze broader wildfire features, high-resolution simulations were used to obtain details of the wind field, and large-ensemble simulations allowed the assessment of climate change's impact on extreme temperatures during the fires. This study found extraordinary daily burned area values (>65,000 ha) occurring under extreme surface weather conditions (temperature, humidity, and winds), fostered by strong mid-level subsidence ahead of a ridge and downslope winds converging towards a coastal low. Daytime temperatures and the water vapor deficit reached the maximum values observed across the region, well above the previous historical records. We hypothesize that these conditions were crucial in exacerbating the spread of fire, along with longer-term atmospheric processes and other non-climatic factors such as fuel availability and increasing human-driven ignitions. Our findings further reveal that climate change has increased the probability and intensity of extremely warm temperatures in south-central Chile, underscoring anthropogenic forcing as a significant driver of the extreme fire activity in the region.

The priorities for a prisoner are food, being able to talk to their family, and taking a shower: the experiences of prisoners placed in emergency isolation due to COVID-19 in a Catalan prison

PurposeThis study aims to learn about the experiences of inmates who experienced long periods of isolation due to a COVID-19 outbreak in the Brians 1 penitentiary centre. This approach is relevant, as it sought to understand the experiences from the perspective of the prisoners during periods of isolation. The aim was to gain in-depth knowledge, based on the idiosyncrasies of this population, of their emotions and coping strategies in the prison context. This information that may be useful to prison institutions and prison primary healthcare teams to guide the organisation in future health emergencies involving the isolation of prisoners.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative interpretative phenomenological study was conducted. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 30 people who had undergone a period of isolation due to a COVID-19 outbreak in one or two of the last two outbreaks at the Brians 1 (Barcelona) prison in 2022, in the days following periods of social isolation. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using the content analysis approach, and were coded using the NVivo 12 qualitative software. The credibility and validity of the data analysed were increased through triangulation at different levels. In this study, data was collected from a heterogeneous sample of prisoners, capturing different views among the prison population.FindingsThis research gave us the opportunity to collect prisoners’ accounts of isolation due to COVID-19, in which it became clear that it conditioned the management of time and space in daily prison life. The restrictions amplified negative emotions such as anxiety, stress and restlessness and led to disruptions in communication with the outside world, daily prison activities and judicial processes. Despite these changes, the prisoners understood the imperatives of isolation and the need to adapt to the new situation for a limited period of time. Faced with the detrimental effect on their well-being, the prisoners employed coping strategies focused on emotional management, social supports and occupational engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is subject to several limitations related to the characteristics of the sample. No women participated in the study as the modules studied were exclusively for men. People with impaired cognitive abilities, were not included. With regard to the method, it is understood that conducting the interviews in the days after the isolation may have influenced the content and enthusiasm of the participants. Despite these limitations, we are confident that the data triangulation may have given us reliable insight that will further our knowledge of prisoners’ experiences in this type of situation.Originality/valueThe issue of the negative impact of restrictive measures in the prison environment has rarely been studied from the perspective of prisoners. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide qualitative data on the experiences of prisoners during periods of social isolation due to COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons in Catalonia (Spain). The narratives allowed the authors to determine what impact the restrictions had on the emotional well-being and daily life of the prison population, information that can help prison institutions and healthcare teams understand how prisoners experienced this type of situation. The authors were also able to carry out an in-depth study of the coping strategies used by the prisoners to deal with negative emotions during the COVID-19 outbreaks, which may serve to guide the organisation of material and human resources in future emergencies or regimented situations involving social isolation.

Introducing PLEMS: the application of a low-cost, portable monitoring system in environmental walks.

The application of innovative systems using low-cost microcontrollers in human biometeorology studies is a promising alternative to conventional monitoring devices, which are usually cost-intensive and provide measurements at specific points, as in stationary meteorological stations. A Portable Low-cost Environmental Monitoring System (PLEMS) aimed at the pedestrian scale is introduced. The backpack-type equipment consists of a microcontroller with attached sensors that assess environmental conditions in a broad sense, integrating measurements of air quality, lighting and noise levels alongside variables typically measured at meteorological stations. The application of the system took place in altogether 12 environmental walks carried out with questionnaire-surveys with concurrent environmental monitoring with the PLEMS in Curitiba, Brazil, a subtropical location characterized by a Cfb climate type. Results allowed us to test the equipment and method of data gathering within a limited period (approximately 50 min) and for a short walking circuit of 800 m. The equipment was successfully able to capture even slightest differences in environmental conditions among points of interest, whereas subjective responses (n= 3843 responses to a total of 11 questions) showed consistency with measured data. From a multi-domain perspective, relevant insights could be obtained for the measured variables.

Spontaneous pneumothorax in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Background & Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) claimed thousands of the lives during a limited period of time, but also enriched our scientific knowledge, especially regarding the respiratory pathogenesis and intensive care dynamics. This study was carried out to bridge the gap in the literature regarding the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) that develops during the course of COVID-19. Methodology: The population of this single-center retrospective study consisted of all critically ill adult patients who tested positive for COVID-19, developed SP, and were admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of Acibadem University School of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, between March 21, 2020 and May 31, 2021. Detailed medical records, clinical findings, chest computed tomography (CT) scans, and X-ray images of critically ill COVID-19 patients complicated by SP were obtained and analyzed. Results: Of the 753 patients admitted to the ICUs during the study period, 600 tested positive for COVID-19 viral pneumonia. Of these patients, 549 met the diagnostic criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), of whom 472 were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and 77 were treated without IMV. SP developed in a total of five (0.8%) patients, 4 (0.9%) of whom were on IMV support and 1 (1.2%) of whom was breathing spontaneously. Of these patients who developed SP, one patient on IMV support was female, and the remaining four were male. The median age of these five patients was 42 (33-64) years. Two (40%) of the five patients died in ICU. Conclusion: The actual incidence of COVID-19-related spontaneous pneumothorax is yet to be elucidated and may require a large scale, multi-center study. COVID-19-related spontaneous pneumothorax is similar to ARDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax without COVID-19 in terms of clinical features and outcomes, its risk of occurrence is higher. Abbreviations: COVID-19 - Coronavirus disease 2019; CT - computed tomography; IMV - invasive mechanical ventilation; SP - spontaneous pneumothorax Keywords: SARS-Cov-2; COVID-19; Spontaneous Pneumothorax Citation: Heppekcan D, Hazar EU. Spontaneous pneumothorax in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(4):646−651; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i4.2506 Received: May 15, 2024; Reviewed: June 01, 2024; Accepted: June 22, 2024

Impact on the scape of Farfugium japonicum var. japonicum (Asteraceae) under strong wind conditions based on morphological and mechanical analyses.

Adaptation of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae) to the strong wind environment of coastal areas has been shown to reduce lamina size and shorten petioles; however, their effects on other traits of this species remain unknown. Our morphological analyses showed that shortening of the scape of this species is correlated with shortening of the petiole in coastal areas. The results suggested that when the height of the scapes became higher than that of the petioles, the wind stress on the scapes became stronger and their growth was suppressed. Therefore, the populations in coastal areas with strong winds had significantly shorter scapes than inland populations, and the height of petioles and scapes in the coastal populations were correlated. Further mechanical analysis by three-point bending tests revealed that the scapes had higher strength than the petioles. This species is evergreen and can produce new leaves regardless of the season, even if it loses its leaves by strong winds; however, because scapes only develop above ground for a limited period of the year, the loss of the scapes by strong winds has a significant impact on reproduction in that year. Therefore, even though the scapes were stronger than the petiole, shortening the scapes plays an important role in reducing strong wind stress in coastal areas.

Limitation Period for a Disciplinary Offense Committed by a Polish Tax Advisor

Limitation Period for a Disciplinary Offense Committed by a Polish Tax Advisor

Analisis Faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Terhadap Pelaksanaan Proyek Konstruksi

In general, the implementation of construction projects can be interpreted as a temporary activity that lasts for a limited period of time. During the implementation of construction project work, construction project delays are very often found. Construction project delays are a common problem in the construction industry. Construction projects often involve many parties, including the project owner, contractors, subcontractors, and material providers. Delays can occur for various reasons. This research will be carried out to determine the factors of delays in high school building construction projects in Gorontalo Province. The data collected is in the form of a questionnaire. The data processing method uses SPSS analysis and the help of Microsoft Excel. The results obtained from this research are that the most dominant factor is Variable (X1) Labor Factor with a mean value of 3.21, Material Factor (X2) with a mean value of 3.12 and equipment factor (X3) 2.94.

Substrate and nutrient manipulation during continuous cultivation of extremophilic algae, Galdieria spp. RTK 37.1, substantially impacts biomass productivity and composition.

The extremophilic nature and metabolic flexibility of Galdieria spp. highlights their potential for biotechnological application. However, limited research into continuous cultivation of Galdieria spp. has slowed progress towards the commercialization of these algae. The objective of this research was to investigate biomass productivity and growth yields during continuous photoautotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation of Galdieria sp. RTK371; a strain recently isolated from within the Taupō Volcanic Zone in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Results indicate Galdieria sp. RTK371 grows optimally at pH 2.5 under warm white LED illumination. Photosynthetic O2 production was dependent on lighting intensity with a maximal value of (133.5 ± 12.1 nmol O2 mgbiomass -1 h-1) achieved under 100 μmol m-2 s-1 illumination. O2 production rates slowed significantly to 42 ± 1 and <0.01 nmol O2 mgbiomass -1 h-1 during mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth regimes respectively. Stable, long-term chemostat growth of Galdieria sp. RTK371 was achieved during photoautotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth regimes. During periods of ammonium limitation, Galdieria sp. RTK371 increased its intracellular carbohydrate content (up to 37% w/w). In contrast, biomass grown in ammonium excess was composed of up to 65% protein (w/w). Results from this study demonstrate that the growth of Galdieria sp. RTK371 can be manipulated during continuous cultivation to obtain desired biomass and product yields over long cultivation periods.

Impact of light and nutrient availability on the phagotrophic activity of harmful bloom-forming dinoflagellates

Abstract Phagotrophy is a key nutritional mode for many bloom-forming dinoflagellates that can supplement their carbon and nutrient requirements. However, the environmental drivers and ecological relevance of phagotrophy in algal blooms are still poorly understood. This study evaluates the effect of light and nutrient availability on the phagotrophic activity of three common bloom-forming dinoflagellates (Alexandrium minutum, Heterocapsa triquetra and Prorocentrum micans) using three fluorescently labeled preys: bacteria, Synechococcus and the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana. The three dinoflagellates exhibited distinct responses to light and nutrient availability in terms of growth, cell size, prey ingestion and preference. A. minutum and H. triquetra showed higher cell-specific ingestion rates on bacteria (0.53 ± 0.13 and 1.64 ± 0.39 prey dinoflagellate−1 h−1, respectively) under co-limited nutrient and light availability, whereas P. micans showed higher ingestion on Synechococcus (0.93 ± 0.22 prey dinoflagellate−1 h−1) under low-light availability alone. However, the three dinoflagellates exhibited the highest carbon and nitrogen-specific ingestion rates when feeding on the larger prey I. galbana. Our findings indicate that phagotrophy could be of advantage in short periods of light or nutrient limitation and may play different roles during the development of blooms, likely influencing the energy transfer through the food web.

IMPACTO DA LIMPEZA DE PRAIAS NA CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA BEIRA, MOÇAMBIQUE

This study investigated the environmental awareness of volunteers during beach cleaning activities in Estoril, Beira, Mozambique. The research involved 150 volunteers, of whom 42 were interviewed. Structured questionnaires were administered after the activities to assess knowledge about marine pollution. Additionally, participant observations were conducted to record volunteer involvement and the efficiency of the cleaning activities. Quantitative analysis of the questionnaire data revealed a significant increase in environmental awareness among volunteers after participating in the activities. Qualitative analysis identified factors influencing volunteer engagement, highlighting the importance of environmental education and awareness campaigns. The main limitations of the study included the sample size and the limited observation period. The study followed strict ethical principles, ensuring informed consent from participants and confidentiality of collected data. This work contributes to the understanding of the effects of beach cleaning activities on environmental civic awareness and underscores the need for ongoing environmental education programs to promote marine conservation.

Priority analysis of educational needs for new nurses in the intensive care unit: A cross-sectional study.

New intensive care unit (ICU) nurses often experience stress because of concerns about potentially harming their patients in a work environment that demands the rapid development of several skills in a limited training period. This study aimed to investigate the prioritisation of educational needs within adult ICUs, focusing on how new nurses evaluate their current knowledge and perceive the most critical competencies. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 102 new ICU nurses in general and tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Educational needs were assessed using a structured questionnaire for new ICU nurses. This study investigated educational needs using paired t-tests, Borich's assessment model and the Locus for Focus model. Only 48% of participants were satisfied with their education. The highest-rated educational content included preparing to use a defibrillator (95% CI = 2.44-3.28, p < .001), administering emergency drugs for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (95% CI = 2.09-2.91, p < .001), starting and maintaining continuous renal replacement therapy (95% CI = 1.50-2.42, p < .001), applying and maintaining a ventilator (95% CI = 1.42-2.08, p < .001), preparing for intubation (95% CI = 1.23-1.97, p < .001), reporting to the emergency team, preparing equipment for CPR (95% CI = 1.12-1.94, p < .001) and drug calculation (95% CI = 0.87-1.53, p < .001). These findings indicate that educational programmes for new ICU nurses should be developed considering the aforementioned priorities. Furthermore, nurse educators should adopt a practical and active instructional method to repeatedly clarify content, prioritising the improvement of knowledge and performance of new ICU nurses. This study guides clinical educators and managers in focusing on areas where new ICU nurses need additional training. Effective nurse residency programmes tailored to the specific needs of new ICU nurses can enhance their confidence and ability to handle ICU nursing challenges.

3D engineered scaffold for large-scale Vigil immunotherapy production

Previously, we reported successful cellular expansion of a murine colorectal carcinoma cell line (CT-26) using a three-dimensional (3D) engineered extracellular matrix (EECM) fibrillar scaffold structure. CCL-247 were grown over a limited time period of 8 days on 3D EECM or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Cells were then assayed for growth, electroporation efficiency and Vigil manufacturing release criteria. Using EECM scaffolds, we report an expansion of CCL-247 (HCT116), a colorectal carcinoma cell line, from a starting concentration of 2.45 × 105 cells to 1.9 × 106 cells per scaffold. Following expansion, 3D EECM-derived cells were assessed based on clinical release criteria of the Vigil manufacturing process utilized for Phase IIb trial operation with the FDA. 3D EECM-derived cells passed all Vigil manufacturing release criteria including cytokine expression. Here, we demonstrate successful Vigil product manufacture achieving the specifications necessary for the clinical trial product release of Vigil treatment. Our results confirm that 3D EECM can be utilized for the expansion of human cancer cell CCL-247, justifying further clinical development involving human tissue sample manufacturing including core needle biopsy and minimal ascites samples.

Sharing Session pada Kegiatan Immersion sebagai Wadah Pertukaran Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan

An immersion is an intensive activity in which participants are fully involved in a particular environment or context for a short or limited period of time. In the entrepreneurship immersion arranged by Atma Jaya Incubator Business, one of the activities is a sharing session which is a presentation of material and discussion between Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (Unika Atma Jaya) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) students. There were three keynote speakers from Atma Jaya and UTM who provided material, The three speakers shared about the use of technology in developing entrepreneurship in both countries, as well as sharing about the use of technology in various community service activities in Unika Atma Jaya. This sharing session activity had a positive impact in increasing students' knowledge, both regarding entrepreneurship and the culture of entrepreneurship from both countries.