Limit Load Research Articles

Optimizing energy storage density of the multi–layer composite of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and nano–Ni plated CaCu3Ti4O12 with an ultralow filling content

Surface modification of nanoceramics with high dielectric constant can increase dielectric constant of polymer composites voiding excessive dielectric loss, however, low discharged energy density (Ud) of composites at a low loading limits potential applications in high–energy–storage devices under low electric field. Herein, Ni–plated CaCu3Ti4O12 nanoparticle (CCTO@Ni) is used to improve the electric properties of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) monolayer composites (C/PVDF), and an ultralow loading of 0.5 vol% promotes the largest Ud of 2.53 J/cm3 at 230 MV/m, resulting from MWS interface polarization and Coulomb barrier effect included by CCTO@Ni fillers, which is used to further prepare three kinds of multi–layer structured C/PVDF composites by solution casting layer by layer. Comprehensive testing shows that the PVDF–C/PVDF–PVDF–C/PVDF–PVDF five–layer film (P–C–P–C–P) enhances the dielectric constant and breakdown strength to contribute the maximal Ud of 6.65 J/cm3 at 297.8 MV/m, which is 118% larger than that of pure PVDF. Above excellent characteristics are attributed to the interface polarization of the middle C/PVDF layer and the alleviating and blocking effect of the middle and outer PVDF layers, which are clarified in depth by the finite element simulation and enhanced breakdown model.

Potential Use of PLA-Based Films Loaded with Antioxidant Agents from Spent Coffee Grounds for Preservation of Refrigerated Foods.

The aim of this work concerned the production of an active food packaging suitable for refrigerated foods. Polylactic-acid-based films were produced by optimizing the solvent casting technique and testing different loadings of extracts obtained from spent coffee grounds. Indeed, an extract obtained by high-pressure and -temperature extraction (HPTE) and a further purified extract by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were separately used as active agents, and the effects on packaging features and active compounds migration were analyzed. The selected active agents showed antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition effects on food simulants (peroxide values of 9.2 ÷ 12.0 meqO2/kg extra virgin olive oil), demonstrating the possibility of enhancing food shelf life. In addition, significant effects on the packaging structure due to the presence of the extract were observed, since it can enhance gas barrier properties of the polymer (O2 permeability of 1.6 ÷ 1.3 × 10-9 cm2/s) and confer better processability. In general, the HPTE extract exhibited better performances than the further purified extract, which was due to the presence of a complex pool of antioxidants and the browning effect on the film but a limited loading capacity on the polymer (840 μg caffeine/g PLA), while higher loading capabilities were enabled using LLE extract.

Hosting capacity of distribution networks for controlled and uncontrolled residential EV charging with static and dynamic thermal ratings of network components

AbstractThe ongoing electrification of road transportation sector, which is expected to continue to strongly increase over the next years, will result in the connection of a significant number of electric vehicle (EV) chargers in LV and MV distribution networks, particularly in residential applications with on‐board (“slow”) EV chargers. In order to evaluate loading limits of existing distribution networks for the maximum number of EV chargers that can be safely connected (commonly denoted as a network EV “hosting capacity”, HC), this paper introduces a general approach to determine one commonly used network design parameter (after‐diversity maximum demand, ADMD) and one new parameter (maximum daily energy demand, MDED), which are both obtained from the load profiles of maximum per‐hour demands for uncontrolled residential EV charging. The presented approach uses actual EV charging data from the UK as the inputs in Monte Carlo simulations to generate daily EV charging profiles for arbitrary numbers of EVs, enabling to identify related ADMD, MDED and per‐hour maximum demand values, as well as their seasonal variations. The assessed ADMD, MDED and hourly maximum EV charging demands for uncontrolled EV charging are then combined with available UK residential daily load profiles before the EVs are connected (“pre‐EV demands”), where their combined coincidental and noncoincidental maximum demands are evaluated against the static thermal rating (STR) and dynamic thermal rating (DTR) loading limits of network components (transformers and overhead lines), taking into account relevant weather/ambient conditions. This is denoted as a network HC for uncontrolled EV charging. Finally, evaluating the resulting per‐hour maximum demand values against the STR and DTR loading limits and MDED values allows to select one particular scheduling method for controlled EV charging, which gives the absolute maximum number of EVs that can be safely connected in the considered network, that is, maximum network HC for fully controlled EV charging. The presented approach is illustrated on the example of the IEEE 33‐bus test network (modelled using typical UK network components), for the pre‐EV residential demands taken from the recordings at a UK MV substation, and for ambient data taken from a UK Met Office weather station. Obtained results allow to evaluate the range of network EV HC values for uncontrolled and controlled EV charging, that is, lower and upper HC limits, which can be correlated with the commonly used allocations of the firm and non‐firm network HC, respectively.

Crankshaft High-Cycle Bending Fatigue Experiment Design Method Based on Unscented Kalman Filtering and the Theory of Crack Propagation.

The high-cycle bending fatigue experiment is one of the most important necessary steps in guiding the crankshaft manufacturing process, especially for high-power engines. In this paper, an accelerated method was proposed to shorten the time period of this experiment. First, the loading period was quickened through the prediction of the residual fatigue life based on the unscented Kalman filtering algorithm approach and the crack growth speed. Then, the accuracy of the predictions was improved obviously based on the modified training section based on the theory of fracture mechanics. Finally, the fatigue limit load analysis result was proposed based on the predicted fatigue life and the modified SAFL (statistical analysis for the fatigue limit) method. The main conclusion proposed from this paper is that compared with the conventional training sections, the modified training sections based on the theory of fracture mechanics can obviously improve the accuracy of the remaining fatigue life prediction results, which makes this approach more suitable for the application. In addition, compared with the system's inherent natural frequency, the fatigue crack can save the experiment time more effectively and thus is superior to the former factor as the failure criterion parameter.

CROSSFIT AND RECURRING JOINT INJURIES

CrossFit is an intense and multifaceted physical training modality that has gained a lot of popularity in recent years. However, it has also raised concerns about the risk of injury, especially to the joints. Recurrent joint injuries are a relevant concern for CrossFit practitioners, as the modality involves high-intensity movements, such as weight lifting, jumping, running and exercises that place significant pressure on the joints. Joint injuries in CrossFit can occur due to a variety of reasons, including lack of proper technique, overload, lack of adequate warm-up, muscle fatigue, and repetitive movements. The joints most susceptible to injury include the shoulders, knees, hips and wrist joints. Joint injuries can range from mild to severe and can include strains, sprains, cartilage injuries and even ligament tears. To prevent recurring joint injuries during CrossFit practice, it is essential that practitioners receive adequate guidance from a qualified trainer. This includes learning the correct technique for each movement, not exceeding personal load limits, warming up thoroughly, and taking appropriate recovery measures after training. Furthermore, listening to your own body and respecting signs of fatigue and pain is essential to avoid injuries. The present study aims to identify recurrent injuries in CrossFit. The methodology used to prepare the study is qualitative research, through a bibliographic review. It is concluded that CrossFit is a challenging modality that can expose practitioners to the risk of recurrent joint injuries, especially when inadequate technique and lack of safety precautions are involved. With the correct guidance, adequate training and respect for personal limits, it is possible to minimize these risks and enjoy the benefits of CrossFit in a safer and healthier way.

Behavior evolution and deformation prediction of RC beams with double openings under fatigue loading

In the design of complex high-speed railway platforms, bridges, and other transport hub structures, openings need to be made in the reinforced concrete (RC) beam web due to the laying of pipeline lines. The performance degradation caused by the openings is a concern for the RC beam under fatigue load. To study the fatigue performance of RC beams with double openings, six RC beams with double openings were designed, with the load level ratio, location of loading points, and number of fatigue cycles as changing parameters. Fatigue tests were carried out under repeated loads. The stress state and failure mode of RC beams with double openings under fatigue load were studied, and the influence of various parameters on the fatigue performance of beams with double openings was discussed. The deformation compatibility model of opening and mid-span deformation was proposed, and the deformation evolution law of double-opening RC beam is analyzed based on the model. The results indicate that under cyclic loading, the fatigue failure modes of double opening RC beams are inclined cracks in the upper and lower beams of the opening and cracks in the corner of the opening. The specimen with a maximum load limit of 0.7Pu and a load position acting on the middle of the opening undergoes fatigue failure. The double opening RC beam has a fatigue life of at least 410000 cycles under a load level of 0.5Pu. After the fatigue test, the remaining ultimate bearing capacity, flexural stiffness, and ductility of the RC beams deteriorate with the increase of load level. The residual performance of the specimen after fatigue is even worse when the load is located in the middle of the opening. Increasing the fatigue cycle to 410000 cycles has an impact on the remaining ultimate bending moment of about 7% and the remaining flexural stiffness and ductility degrade by about 25%. Based on existing research results, a fatigue deformation prediction method for RC beams with double openings was proposed, with an error of less than 7%.

Effect of bending stress parallel to the crack plane on J and the limit load of plates with surface cracks

The effect of bending stress parallel to the crack plane on J-integral of plates containing semi-elliptical surface cracks is investigated in this paper. Elastic and elastic–plastic finite element (FE) analyses are used to obtain J values for the surface-cracked plates under membrane stress or through-thickness bending stress normal to the crack plane or under biaxial membrane stresses plus through-thickness bending normal to the crack plane with/without bending stress parallel to the crack plane. The FE results show that, as predicted by linear elastic fracture mechanics, the applied bending stress parallel to the crack plane does not affect the crack tip elastic J. However, it does affect the elastic–plastic J. A limit load (or reference stress) solution for a plate containing a rectangular surface crack under combined biaxial membrane stresses and biaxial bending stresses is developed, which shows good correlation to the elastic–plastic FE J via the reference stress J scheme, for both cases with/without the bending stress parallel to the crack plane. Based on the results of the investigation, a newly-developed local limit load model is updated to include the effects of bending stress parallel to the crack plane for use in structural integrity assessments.

Quadrupole Electromagnetic Linear Positioning System (QELPS):

In linear motion systems, including linear motors and actuators, precise and controlled linear motion is provided for various applications. However, they have several drawbacks: high costs, complexity, limited stroke length, high energy consumption, speed limitations, heat generation, noise and vibration, limited load capacity, environmental considerations, and integration challenges. High costs are especially significant for applications requiring high precision. The components' complexity and additional control electronics can increase maintenance and trouble-shooting requirements. Ensuring accurate and efficient operation necessitates regular maintenance. The limitation in stroke length, determined by the drive's size and guide length, can pose challenges for applications requiring long strokes. High energy consumption can be a concern, and speed limitations may be challenging. Managing heat generation is crucial to prevent component damage. Noise and vibration can be problematic, particularly in quiet applications. Integration challenges can arise when dealing with complex systems or automation processes. To overcome some of these drawbacks, an innovative coil configuration design for linear positioning system applications is proposed. The proposed design focuses on the Quadrupole Electromagnetic linear Positioning System (QELPS), comprising four coils generating a uniform electromagnetic field to produce a Lorentz force on the slider. The QELPS design is meticulously crafted using 3D modeling in ANSYS software, and the magnetic characteristics indicate the potential for scaling this model to different levels. The power circuit of the QELPS is simulated using ANSYS Simplorer and incorporates silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) and a pulse width modulation (PWM) pulse generator. The design achieves a force of 27.6 newtons with the paper presenting current and force plots in comprehensive detail. Furthermore, an interactive design algorithm is introduced, facilitating the customization of this model for various linear track dimensions. This research aims to advance linear drive technology and enhance linear motion applications by developing this new coil configuration design and harnessing the Quadrupole Electromagnetic System.

Study on the truck axle load limit for rural roads based on the cost of the concerned entities in China

The axle load limit represents the maximum permissible mass that an axle can carry when a vehicle is operating on a road. This limit is closely associated with the expenses incurred in highway construction, truck transportation, and other related sectors. Consequently, it needs to be determined by carefully weighing the relevant costs. As freight demand continues to rise, many rural roads have failed to meet the requirements for maximizing the social benefits derived from truck transportation in China. To address this issue, this study examines the optimization of the axle load limit for rural roads, taking into consideration advancements in road construction technology, construction funding, and vehicle manufacturing techniques. Initially, the entities affected by the axle load limit, namely, road agencies, truck companies, commodity producers, and consumers, are analyzed. Subsequently, a programming model is developed to optimize the truck axle load limit for rural roads, aiming to maximize the cost gap between the scenarios with the incremental limit and those without the incremental limit. Finally, a case study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the model, using the rural road network in Guiyang city (China) as an illustrative example. The findings indicate that a limit below 17 tons results in a greater increase in benefits compared to costs. However, if the limit increases to 17 tons, the benefit increment decreases to a smaller value than the cost increment. In conclusion, the optimal axle load limit for the rural road network in Guiyang should be 13 tons, at which point the system cost reduction is maximized, resulting in an annual amount of 17.94 million RMB.

Design method for determining appropriate stiffness for end point braces

The high dependence of end point braces on rotational restraint conditions differentiates them from intermediate point braces. Although the point brace stiffness equation of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) design specifications applies to both braces, it restricts the stiffness to only the buckling load based on the unbraced length and an effective length factor of 1, which is too conservative for end point braces. This study investigated the relationship between end point brace stiffness and column buckling loads through buckling analyses using slope–deflection equations with stability functions, considering diverse supports, end rotation constraints, and column counts. Irrespective of the column count, the columns with end point braces exhibited a non-sway elastic buckling load of up to four times the Euler buckling load depending on the rotational restraint at the column ends. The proposed procedure enhances the AISC regulations by introducing a new equation that allows up to 90% utilization of the buckling load based on the unbraced length and an effective length factor of 1 or less, considering column end rotational constraints. The procedure was applied to six frames undergoing elastic or inelastic buckling and validated by assessing the buckling loads and related point brace stiffness. The proposed procedure significantly enlarged the load-bearing capacity of the column compared with the AISC design procedure, although both approaches obtained comparable point brace cross-sectional areas. It extends the buckling load limit for columns or frames with an end point brace, providing predictive insights into brace stiffness to improve structural design.

Lipid-based mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a paradigm shift in management of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a devastating disease, has the worst cancer prognosis in humans. It often develops resistance to common chemotherapy medications, such as gemcitabine, taxol and 5-fluorouracil. The dense stroma limits therapeutic efficacy in treating this disease. Low or limited drug loading capacity is another problem with current chemotherapeutic agents. There is a need to develop novel approaches to overcome these issues. Hence, an innovative approach has been proposed to co-deliver both hydrophilic (Gemcitabine) and hydrophobic (Paclitaxel) drugs in a single carrier using lipid bilayer-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LB-MSNP). MSNPs offer effective drug delivery due to their superior bioavailability and physicochemical properties. Further, in order to achieve clinical translation and regulatory approval, toxicity and biodegradability of MSNPs must be resolved.

Design and Implementation of Device-level Load Dynamic Adjustment System for Electric Vehicles

The development of electric vehicles is an important means to deal with the energy crisis, relieve environmental pressure, and achieve sustainable development. The rapid growth of electric vehicle ownership brings great challenges to the planning and safe and stable operation of the power system. To ensure the stable operation of the power grid and meet the changing needs of users to the greatest extent in the case of extreme power shortage and demand response, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the power of charging piles according to the actual situation. At present, many operators cannot accurately and dynamically control the power of each charging pile in the station in the face of power limit demand, so they can only turn off some or all charging piles, which not only affects the charging experience of users but also leads to the decline of operators’ reputation and profits. To solve the above problems, this paper proposed a charging load dynamic adjustment system, which uses the TCN model based on similar days to predict the charging load. It proposed a load decomposition algorithm to control the device-level charging load. Experiments show that the load prediction model used in this system has higher accuracy than LSTM, and the load decomposition algorithm can reasonably allocate limited load resources, which means the system can meet the user’s charging demand to the greatest extent while meeting the power limit demand and improve the user experience.

Potential-estimation of thermal micro-grids in urban areas based on heat load and building clustering

As a result of climate change, fossil heating systems must be replaced with renewable systems. The question arises whether it makes sense for each building to have its own new heating system or whether a thermal micro-grid is possible. In this paper a model is presented which allows to aggregate buildings into thermal micro-grid clusters. All gas-heated residential buildings of Basel (Switzerland) are marked via geo-data. The heat demand of each building is determined depending on the year of construction and is then converted into the heat load. Each building then is grouped into thermal micro-grids according to a given grid load limit. The thermal micro-grids generated in this way are marked in color, so that the potential of any given city district can be easily and quickly identified. If the grid load limit is increased, the number of possible micro-grids increases, also.

Evaluation of full thread screw and different fixation configurations in Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of full thread screw and different fixation configurations in Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture. MethodsA total of 40 artificial femoral model specimens were chosen, and Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture was simulated upon osteotomy at 80°. According to random number table, models were divided into four groups (10 cases in each group): Group A received the paralleled fixation with three partial thread screws (PTSs), group B received the crossed fixation with three PTSs, group C received the paralleled fixation with two full thread screws (FTSs) and one PTS, and group D received the crossed fixation with two FTSs and one PTS. Changes including the model rigidity, axial displacement in fatigue test and limit loads for Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture models were analyzed through MTS 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ test system. ResultsAmong four groups, the model rigidity, axial displacement in fatigue test and limit loads were the highest in group D, and they were the lowest in group A. However, the model rigidity, axial displacement in fatigue test and limit loads between group B and group C showed no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05). Eventually, all the specimens were displaced along the fracture lines while the femoral head was split at varying degrees. After splits, the removal rate of fixation screws in group A (60.0 %) and group C (40.0 %) was significantly higher than that of group B (10.0 %) and group D (0 %) (P＜0.05), but it showed no statistically significant difference between group A and group C, and between group B and group D (P＞0.05). ConclusionsThe crossed fixation configuration with two FTSs and one PTS in group D is proven to be more effective, which can go against the shear stress, tension and introversion in Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture models.

Electrically Heated High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage with Dual Operating Modes: From Concept to Validation

The expansion of renewable energy sources and sustainable infrastructures for the generation of electrical and thermal energies and fuels increasingly requires efforts to develop efficient technological solutions and holistically balanced systems to ensure a stable energy supply with high energy utilization. For investigating such systems, a research infrastructure was established within the nationally funded project Energy Lab 2.0 including essential components for generation, conversion and storage of different energy sources. One element includes a thermal energy storage (TES) system based on solid materials, which was supplemented by an electrically heated storage component. Hereby, the overall purpose is to efficiently generate and store high-temperature heat from electrical energy with high specific powers during the charging period and provide thermal energy during the discharging period. Today’s solutions focus on convective electrical heating elements, creating, however, two major challenges for large-scale systems: limited load gradients due to existing systemic inertias and limited operating temperatures of 700 °C in the MW scale. To overcome such restrictions, a novel electrically heated storage component with dual operating modes was developed. The central component of this solution is a ring-shaped honeycomb body based on an SiC ceramic with electrical heating registers on the inside and outside. This configuration allows, in storage operation, instantaneous direct heating of the honeycomb body via thermal radiation. At the end of systemic start-up procedures, an operational change toward a convective heating system takes place, whereby the high-temperature heat previously stored is transferred to downstream components. The simulation studies performed for such a component show, for both operating modes, high operating temperatures of over 800 °C with simultaneous high electrothermal efficiencies of up to 90%. Experimental investigations on a 100 kW scale at the DLR test facility HOTREG in Stuttgart confirmed the feasibility, performance and good agreement with simulation results for a selected honeycomb geometry with a mass of 181 kg. With its successful testing and good scalability, the developed component opens up high use case potentials in future Power-to-Heat-to-Power applications, particularly for Brayton process-based Carnot batteries and adiabatic compressed air energy storage systems.

Design and Non-Linear Modeling of New Wind Girder Used for Bolted Tanks

Large-capacity bolted cylindrical tanks for liquid storage are used in many applications. The tanks are made of thin steel sheets that are connected by bolts. A common problem associated with tanks is deforming under extreme loads. Adding wind girders to the tank increases the tank’s buckling capacity, which is defined as the limit load at which the structure loses stability. The girders are usually placed in the horizontal joints of the tank wall. The girders are bent from standard or non-standard steel bars with a uniform cross-section. This type of design is difficult to produce, especially with large profiles or large curvatures, to avoid distortion of the cross-section during bending. Furthermore, the girders are customized to the given openings and curvature for various tank diameters. The resulting solution is then uneconomical and more complicated to store. This paper deals with the design and non-linear modeling of a new shape of wind girder for bolted tanks that eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages. To analyze the new shape of the girder, a non-linear numerical model of an open-topped tank with various dimensions is designed to study its buckling capacity.

Upper Bound Limit Analysis of 2D Structures Using Lagrange Extraction-Based Isogeometric Analysis

This work presents a new approach that uses Lagrange extraction-based isogeometric analysis and Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) to determine the limit load factor in two-dimensional problems. This methodology makes use of an upper-bound limit approach and a rigid-perfectly plastic material model. Lagrange extraction is used to link a C0 nodal basis to a smooth B-spline basis. This enables the use of straightforward methods for isogeometric analysis in conventional finite element systems. A SOCP problem is created from the limit analysis problem, which may then be solved using Mosek optimization software. The numerical results indicate the correctness and effectiveness of the current technique by contrasting it with other approaches mentioned in the literature.

Similar electronic state effect enables excellent activity for nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction on both high- and low-density double-atom catalysts.

Double-atom catalysts (DACs) for harmful nitrate (NO3-) electroreduction to valuable ammonia (eNO3RR) is attractive for both environmental remediation and energy transformation. However, the limited metal loading in most DACs largely hinders their applications in practical catalytic applications. Therefore, exploring ultrahigh-density (UHD) DACs with abundant active metal centers and excellent eNO3RR activity is highly desired under the site-distance effect. Herein, starting from the experimental M2N6 motif deposited on graphene, we firstly screened the low-density (LD) Mn2N6 and Fe2N6 DACs with high eNO3RR activity and then established an appropriate activity descriptor for the LD-DAC system. By utilizing this descriptor, the corresponding Mn2N6 and Fe2N6 UHD-DACs with dynamic, thermal, thermodynamic, and electrochemical stabilities, are identified to locate at the peak of activity volcano, exhibiting rather-low limiting potentials of -0.25 and -0.38V, respectively. Further analysis in term of spin state and orbital interaction, confirms that the electronic state effect similar to that of LD-DACs enable the excellent eNO3RR activity to be maintained in the UHD-DACs. These findings highlight the promising application of Mn2N6 and Fe2N6 UHD-DACs in nitrate electroreduction for NH3 production and provide impetus for further experimental exploration of ultrahigh-density DACs based on their intrinsic electronic states.

Ultrahigh Enzyme Loading Metal-Organic Frameworks for Deep Tissue Pancreatic Cancer Photoimmunotherapy.

Protein drugs hold promise in treating multiple complex diseases, including cancer. The priority of protein drug application is precise delivery of substantial bioactive protein into tumor site. Metal-organic-framework (MOF) is widely considered as a promising carrier to encapsulate protein drug owing to the noncovalent interaction between carrier and protein. However, limited loading efficiency and potential toxicity of metal ion in MOF restrict its application in clinical research. Herein, a tumor targeted collagenase-encapsulating MOF via protein-metal ion-organic ligand coordination (PMOCol ) for refining deep tissue pancreatic cancer photoimmunotherapy is developed. By an expedient method in which the ratio of metal ion, histidine residues of protein and ligand is precisely controlled, PMOCol is constructed with ultrahigh encapsulation efficiency (80.3 wt%) and can release collagenase with high enzymatic activity for tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation after reaching tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, PMOcol exhibits intensively poorer toxicity than the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 biomineralized protein. After treatment, the pancreatic tumor with abundant ECM shows enhanced immunocyte infiltration owing to extracellular matrix degradation that improves suppressive TME. By integrating hyperthermia agent with strong near-infrared absorption (1064 nm), PMOCol can induce acute immunogenicity to host immunity activation and systemic immune memory production to prevent tumor development and recurrence.

DRNAS: Differentiable RBF neural architecture search method considering computation load in adaptive control

In this work, we investigated an online differential neural network search control algorithm using a backstepping method with a radial basis function (RBF) neural network (NN) framework. In this approach, we mainly focused on searching a neural network architecture with optimal control performance and optimal computation load by learning NN parameters among a finite number of RBF NNs with different architectures. The previous works on RBFNN and backstepping methods mainly considered the control performance of systems, and the computation load limitations of control computers were rarely considered. In this paper, we herein propose a differentiable RBF neural architecture search (DRNAS) method. First, we built a hypernetwork and constructed an appropriate optimization objective function with information of a tracking error and a computation load. This hypernetwork consists of different networks with weight parameters. Then, through backpropagation and based on the gradient descent method, we updated the parameters of the hypernetwork and determined the optimal RBF NN architecture in the search space. Finally, we performed simulations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, where we designed an RBF NN adaptive backstepping controller for aircraft pitch rate dynamics and used the DRNAS method to train the hypernetwork based on different mission scenarios. The simulation results verified that the proposed method can effectively balance the controller’s tracking capability with its computation load.