Restricted Food Intake Research Articles

Reduction in eating disorder symptoms among adults in different weight loss interventions

Restriction of food intake and counting calories as part of weight loss programs are thought to trigger eating behaviors and attitudes which can lead to eating disorders. We have developed a treatment model, Regulation of Cues (ROC), that targets appetitive traits, including food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness, which could address overeating at an implicit level and reduce risk of detrimental behaviors and attitudes. This manuscript evaluates eating disorder symptoms, attitudes, and behaviors among adults with overweight or obesity randomized to ROC, behavioral weight loss (BWL), a combination of ROC + BWL (ROC+) and an active comparator (AC). Participants included 271 adults with a body mass index of 25 to 45, age 18 to 65 years, and a lack of comorbidities that could interfere with participation. Assessments occurred at baseline, mid-treatment (6 months), post-treatment (12-months) and 6- and 12-month follow-up. During treatment, participants in all four arms showed decreases in Eating, Weight, and Shape concerns on the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and binge eating symptoms on the Binge Eating Scale which were maintained at 6-month follow-up but increased at the 12-month follow-up. Both the ROC+ and BWL arms showed increases in Restraint during treatment which dissipated after treatment ended. This study contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating that weight loss programs are not associated with increases in eating disorder symptoms. Future studies should evaluate interventions to maintain improvements in eating disorder symptoms following weight loss programs.

Differences in Hemodynamic Response to Passive Leg Raising Tests during the Day in Healthy Individuals: The Question of Normovolemia.

The passive leg-raising (PLR) test was developed to predict fluid responsiveness and reduce fluid overload. However, the hemodynamic response of healthy individuals to the PLR test and how it changes during the day, between the morning and evening, after individuals have consumed food and fluids, has not been profoundly explored. This study aimed to compare the systemic hemodynamic changes in healthy individuals between morning and evening PLR tests. In this study, the PLR test was performed twice a day. The first PLR test was performed between 08h00 and 09h00 in the morning, while the second PLR test was performed between 20h00 and 21h00 in the evening. Hemodynamic parameters were measured using an impedance cardiography monitor, and a cutoff value of a 10% increase in stroke volume (SV) during the PLR test was used to differentiate between preload responders and non-responders. We included 50 healthy volunteers in this study. When comparing the morning and evening PLR test results, we found no PLR-induced differences in heart rate (-3 [-8-2] vs. -2 [-8-4] beats/min, p = 0.870), SV (11 [5-22] vs. 12 [4-20] mL, p = 0.853) or cardiac output (0.7 [0.2-1.3] vs. 0.8 [0.1-1.4] L/min, p = 0.639). We also observed no differences in the proportion of preload responders during the PLR test between the morning and evening (64% vs. 66%, p = 0.99). However, there was a moderate agreement between the two PLR tests (morning and evening) (kappa = 0.429, p = 0.012). There was a moderate correlation between the changes in SV between the two PLR tests (rs = 0.50, p < 0.001). In young, healthy individuals, we observed no change in the systemic hemodynamic responsiveness to the PLR test between the morning and evening, without restriction of fluid and food intake.

Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Pediatric Patient with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Rare Presentation of Thiamine Deficiency.

BACKGROUND Wernicke encephalopathy is traditionally associated with chronic alcoholism, nutritional imbalance, prolonged intravenous feeding, hyperemesis, anorexia nervosa, and malabsorption syndromes. We report a case of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a 12-year-old girl with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. CASE REPORT The patient had lost 45.4 kg of body weight due to self-imposed changes to her diet, before presenting with decreased oral intake for 2-3 weeks, intermittent nausea, crampy epigastric pain, and post-prandial emesis. Her weight on admission was 78.2 kg. She received intravenous fluids of dextrose 5% with normal saline while she initially attempted to eat, but the post-prandial emesis persisted. She developed a fear of vomiting, which led to even more severe food intake restriction. After a week, she began to report double vision and blurred peripheral vision, with physical findings of nystagmus and an ataxic gait. She was empirically started on thiamine after negative neurology workup, with improvement of her gait, blurry vision, and nystagmus. Thiamine deficiency was later confirmed. CONCLUSIONS In patients with large amounts of weight loss presenting with neurological symptoms, Wernicke's encephalopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder is rarely reported to cause Wernicke's encephalopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pediatric case demonstrating that Wernicke encephalopathy can occur in this type of eating disorder and not just in anorexia nervosa.

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder and pediatric feeding disorder: the pediatric gastroenterology perspective.

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) are the newest evolutions of frameworks for dysfunctional feeding and share overlapping features but maintain notable differences. This review will compare the two frameworks, highlighting some of the latest advances in diagnosis and management. Dysfunctional feeding, particularly withing the PFD definition, benefits from multidisciplinary care with equal attention to medical, nutritional, skill-based, and behavioral domains. Management requires medical attention, often with functional gastrointestinal disease and anxiety. Pharmacologic appetite stimulation may play a role. A single empirically proved behavioral approach has not been described and multiple options exist regarding type, location, and intensity of feeding therapy. ARFID and PFD not only share areas of overlap, but also differ, likely based on the origins of each framework. Ultimately, both frameworks describe dysfunctional feeding and require input from medical providers. The more effective approaches tend to be multidisciplinary, addressing medical, nutritional, skill-based, and/or behavioral aspects of the disorder (the PFD model). Future evolution of both ARFID and PFD frameworks is likely to generate refinement in their defining criteria, hopefully generating a structured link between the two.

Ketone bodies supplementation restores the barrier function, induces a metabolic switch, and elicits beta-hydroxybutyrate diffusion across a monolayer of iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells

Glucose constitutes the main source of energy for the central nervous system (CNS), its entry occurring at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the presence of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). However, under food intake restrictions, the CNS can utilize ketone bodies (KB) as an alternative source of energy. Notably, the relationship between the BBB and KBs and its effect on their glucose metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of glucose deprivation on the brain endothelium in vitro, and supplementation with KBs using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial cell-like cells (iBMECs).Glucose-free environment significantly decreased cell metabolic activity and negatively impacted the barrier function. In addition, glucose deprivation did not increase GLUT1 expression but also resulted in a decrease in glucose uptake and glycolysis. Supplementation of glucose-deprived iBMECs monolayers with KB showed no improvement and even worsened upon treatment with acetoacetate. However, under a hypoglycemic condition in the presence of KBs, we noted a slight improvement of the barrier function, with no changes in glucose uptake. Notably, hypoglycemia and/or KB pre-treatment elicited a saturable beta-hydroxybutyrate diffusion across iBMECs monolayers, such diffusion occurred partially via an MCT1-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of glucose metabolism and the reliance of the brain endothelium on glucose and glycolysis for its function, such dependence is unlikely to be covered by KBs supplementation. In addition, KB diffusion at the BBB appeared induced by KB pre-treatment and appears to involve an MCT1-dependent mechanism.

Visions of recovery: a cross-diagnostic examination of eating disorder pro-recovery communities on TikTok

Individuals seeking support or inspiration for eating disorder recovery may turn to pro-recovery content on social media sites such as TikTok. While research has thus far treated pro-recovery social media as a fairly homogeneous space, many pro-recovery hashtags single out particular eating disorder diagnoses. This exploratory study used codebook thematic analysis of 241 popular pro-recovery videos on TikTok to compare the presentation of eating disorders and eating disorder recovery across five different diagnosis-specific hashtags: #anarecovery, #arfidrecovery, #bedrecovery, #miarecovery, and #orthorexiarecovery. These hashtags refer to the following eating disorder diagnoses respectively: anorexia nervosa, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and orthorexia nervosa. Our analysis generated the following qualitative themes across the entire dataset: (1) centrality of food to eating disorders and recovery, (2) what eating disorders look and feel like, (3) recovery as a process, (4) getting and giving help, and (5) negotiating diet culture in recovery. To supplement our qualitative findings and facilitate cross-diagnostic comparisons, we also conducted one-way ANOVAs and chi-square tests to probe for statistically significant differences in audience engagement and code prevalence across the different hashtags. Our results indicate that there are clear differences in how recovery is envisioned on TikTok based on which diagnostic hashtags are employed. Such variations in how different eating disorders are imagined on popular social media demand further investigation and clinical consideration.

P18-057-23 In Couples With Obesity, Poor Paternal Tendency To Eat in Response to Food Cues and Limit Food Intake Is Associated With Higher Total and Rate of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain

P18-057-23 In Couples With Obesity, Poor Paternal Tendency To Eat in Response to Food Cues and Limit Food Intake Is Associated With Higher Total and Rate of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE INCIDENCE AND/OR PREVALENCE OF EATING DISORDERS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH FOOD ALLERGIES.

Chronic diseases involving strict dietary adherence have been associated with an increased risk of eating disorders. This is the first systematic review investigating the rate of eating disorders among individuals with food allergies. To report the incidence, prevalence, and types of eating disorders in individuals with food allergies. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched four databases for studies published to January 2022 that reported the prevalence or incidence of eating disorders in samples with IgE or non-IgE-mediated allergy. Risk of bias was assessed and evidence qualitatively synthesised. From 1180 papers identified, nine met inclusion criteria. There were 4161 adult and paediatric participants with IgE-mediated food allergies or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) or anorexia/bulimia nervosa were the main eating disorders identified. The prevalence of eating disorders in samples with food allergy ranged from 0.8%-62.9%. Among studies investigating IgE-mediated food allergy (n=6), the prevalence of anorexia and/or bulimia ranged from 17.6-61%, ARFID was 62.9% and unspecified eating disorders was 0.8-6%. Among samples with EoE (n=3), ARFID prevalence ranged from 4.5-51%. Most studies were limited by small sample size, possible selection bias, and lack of diagnostic eating disorders tools validated for food allergic populations. Eating disorders appear prevalent in individuals with food allergy, however prevalence estimates varied widely. Large studies with healthy control groups and validated measures to identify eating disorders in individuals with food allergy are needed to accurately determine the prevalence of eating disorders.

BEHAVIORS OF NON SUICIDAL SELF INJURY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENT

Aim of study was to assess behaviors of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) in University Students. Research design was correlational. Assessment measures used were: DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure—Adult, Alexian Brothers Assessment of Self-Injury (ABASI) and Inventory of Statement about Self Injury (ISAS). Sample comprised of hundred students of 19 to 24 years who were diagnosed with of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI). The results indicated that hitting one self, hair pulling and interference in wound healing were more commonly used methods of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI). Moreover, it was found that mostly students use more than one method of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI). Furthermore, the results revealed that indirect methods of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) were taking over dose of some medicine, smoking, drug use and restricted food intake. . It could be concluded that students who engage in more than one method of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) are at greater risk of suicide. Early identification and intervention can be helpful in prevention of Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI).

1594-P: Interorgan Insulin-Leptin Signal Cross Talk Originating in the Liver Enhances Survival under Food-Shortage Conditions

The liver can store energy and distribute it to other tissues/organs, according to the energy states involving hepatic insulin action. In addition, we and others have shown that the liver transmits metabolic information to other organs, via neuronal and humoral mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate a novel form of inter-organ crosstalk originating in the liver, which links hepatic insulin action with hypothalamic leptin signaling and promotes survival during food shortage. We first observed that tamoxifen-inducible liver insulin receptor (IR) knockout (iLIRKO) mice ate more and consumed less oxygen with decreased hypothalamic leptin action, thereby gaining body weight. Circulating soluble leptin receptor (sLepR) levels were elevated in iLIRKO mice. We then produced tamoxifen-inducible liver leptin receptor (LepR) and IR double-knockout (iLLepRIRKO) mice. In iLLepRIRKO mice, sLepR elevations were not seen. Moreover, increased body weights, hyperphagia and decreased whole-body oxygen consumption seen in iLIRKO mice were reversed, indicating the importance of hepatic sLepR production in the liver-hypothalamus crosstalk. Human hepatic lepr and circulating sLepR levels also correlated negatively with hepatic insulin action indices. Additionally, we restricted food intake in wild type mice. Food restriction decreased hepatic insulin action and whole-body oxygen consumption with increased circulating sLepR. We furthermore performed food restriction in tamoxifen-inducible liver LepR knockout (iLLepRKO) mice. Notably, in iLLepRKO mice, the decreases in basal metabolic rates were blunted and mortality was markedly increased during food restriction. Collectively, the liver translates metabolic cues regarding energy-deficient status, which is reflected by decreased hepatic insulin action, into sLepR, thereby suppressing energy dissipation. This novel inter-organ crosstalk may assure survival of individuals facing food shortages in nature. Disclosure K.Takahashi: Speaker's Bureau; Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd. T.Yamada: Speaker's Bureau; MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Abbott Japan Co., Ltd. H.Katagiri: None. Funding Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K08522, 22H03126, 20H05694); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJPS2023)

Avoidant restrictive eating disorder and panic attacks in an adult man: A case report/Trastorno evitativo restrictivo de la ingesta alimentaria y ataques de pánico en un hombre adulto: Reporte de caso

Avoidant or Restrictive Food Intake Disorder ( ARFID ) is an eating disorder (ED) not common in adults. In this article we present a clinical case of ARFID in a 37-year-old male patient treated in an ED center in Medellin, Colombia; displaying anxious symptoms that began a year earlier and concomitant weight loss, following a traumatic event causing an overall impairment with that patient. Several medical evaluations/examinations looking for organic causes, were excluded. Interventions were implemented by a psychiatry, a psychotherapist using cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), and a nutritionist, all in face-to-face modality, which were carried out weekly for the first three months, then biweekly and subsequently quarterly. each lasting approximately 40-60 minutes. After the set of pharmacological interventions and psychotherapy, a great improvement in the functionality of the patient was observed. Improvement was found with respect to eating in public, food variation and panic attacks. In the absence of guidelines, it is important to use standardized and replicable treatments in this population.

Obesity, Chronic Stress, and Stress Reduction.

The obesity epidemic is caused by the misalignment between human biology and the modern food environment, which has led to unhealthy eating patterns and behaviors and an increase in metabolic diseases. This has been caused by the shift from a "leptogenic" to an "obesogenic" food environment, characterized by the availability of unhealthy food and the ability to eat at any time of day due to advances in technology. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most commonly diagnosed eating disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of loss of control over eating, and is treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy-enhanced (CBT-E). Shift work, especially night shift work, can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythms and increase the risk of obesity and other negative health consequences, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. One dietary approach to address circadian dysregulation is time-restricted eating (TRE), which involves restricting food intake to specific periods of the day to synchronize the body's internal clock with the external environment. TRE has been found to cause modest weight loss and improve metabolic outcomes such as insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, but the extent to which it is beneficial may depend on adherence and other factors such as caloric restriction.

Parent-reported child appetite moderates relationships between child genetic obesity risk and parental feeding practices.

Food parenting practices are associated with child weight. Such associations may reflect the effects of parents' practices on children's food intake and weight. However, longitudinal, qualitative, and behavioral genetic evidence suggests these associations could, in some cases, reflect parents' response to children's genetic risk for obesity, an instance of gene-environment correlation. We tested for gene-environment correlations across multiple domains of food parenting practices and explored the role of parent-reported child appetite in these relationships. Data on relevant variables were available for N = 197 parent-child dyads (7.54 ± 2.67 years; 44.4% girls) participating in RESONANCE, an ongoing pediatric cohort study. Children's body mass index (BMI) polygenic risk score (PRS) were derived based on adult GWAS data. Parents reported on their feeding practices (Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire) and their child's eating behavior (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Moderation effects of child eating behaviors on associations between child BMI PRS and parental feeding practices were examined, adjusting for relevant covariates. Of the 12 parental feeding practices, 2 were associated with child BMI PRS, namely, restriction for weight control (β = 0.182, p = 0.011) and teaching about nutrition (β = -0.217, p = 0.003). Moderation analyses demonstrated that when children had high genetic obesity risk and showed moderate/high (vs. low) food responsiveness, parents were more likely to restrict food intake to control weight. Our results indicate that parents may adjust their feeding practices in response to a child's genetic propensity toward higher or lower bodyweight, and the adoption of food restriction to control weight may depend on parental perceptions of the child's appetite. Research using prospective data on child weight and appetite and food parenting from infancy is needed to further investigate how gene-environment relationships evolve through development.

Prevalence and Characterization of Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in a Pediatric Population

Prevalence and Characterization of Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in a Pediatric Population

Energy poverty and food insecurity: Is there an energy or food trade-off among low-income Australians?

Large price rises can lead to what has been termed a ‘heat or eat’ trade-off, where some low-income individuals must choose between energy use and putting food on the table. Low-income individuals are particularly at risk. There are effects on physical health from either restricted energy use or restricted food intake (in terms of quantity or nutritional value) and there may also be effects on mental health due to stress associated with being unable to pay bills or buy food. Considering escalating energy and food prices, this study investigates the energy or food trade-off among low-income people in Australia. While there is some literature on the heat or eat trade-off, our contribution lies in our use of detailed longitudinal population-representative data and multivariable analysis with a focus on low-income individuals who are most vulnerable. Among all low-income households, a 1% increase in the relative price of electricity increases energy expenditure by 0.44% and reduces food expenditure by 0.09% and these effects are statistically significant. For those in poverty, we find a 1% increase in the relative price of electricity increases energy expenditure by 0.37% but has no significant effect on food expenditure. This is consistent with individuals in poverty having economised as far as possible and being unable to reduce expenditure any further. For those near poverty the increase in price reduces food expenditure by 0.20% although there is no significant effect on energy expenditure, indicating individuals are economising on energy use to offset the price increase. For the remaining low-income individuals, the price increase results in a trade-off in which energy is prioritised over food. Reduced food expenditure, however, does not seem to translate into going without meals.

COGNITIVE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN WITH CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE SMALL INTESTINE : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

It is possible that children who suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders have a less-than-ideal nutritional status, particularly as a result of malabsorption and symptoms that are brought on by a restricted food intake. A cognitive function is any conscious mental action, including thinking, remembering, learning, or utilizing language. Examples of cognitive functions include these. Attention, memory, consideration, the ability to solve problems, and executive abilities such as planning, assessing, supervising, and evaluating are all aspects of cognitive function. Neurodevelopment issues in intestinal failure (IF) children have surfaced. The researchers Hukkinen et al. reviewed the existing research and came to the conclusion that children with IF are at a high risk of delayed psychomotor and cognitive development. However, this conclusion was drawn from a small number of studies that used a variety of research methods. This study reveals that children with IF and surgical NEC are at a greater risk of having bad cognitive outcomes in patients with illnesses affecting the small intestine who require PN. These patients include individuals with conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Brief Report: Decreased Bone Health in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and food selectivity are at increased risk for nutritional deficiencies which could affect bone health. We report on four male patients with ASD and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) with significant bone conditions including rickets, vertebral compression fractures, osteopenia, and slipped capital femoral epiphyses. Each patient was at risk for at least one nutritional deficiency. Two out of four patients had deficiencies in Vitamins A, B12, E, and zinc. Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency were noted in all four. Two out of four patients with Vitamin D deficiency developed rickets. Provisional evidence suggests that children with ASD and ARFID are at elevated risk for serious adverse bone health outcomes.

Comparison of Adiponectin Levels in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, Obesity, Constitutional Thinness, and Healthy Controls: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Adiponectin is a protein hormone that is produced and secreted primarily by adipose tissue. The levels of adiponectin in those with eating disorders, obesity, and healthy controls have been extensively studied. However, the general picture of the differences in adiponectin levels across the mentioned conditions is still unclear and fragmented. In this study, we pooled previous studies and performed a network meta-analysis to gain a global picture of comparisons of adiponectin levels across eating disorders, obesity, constitutional thinness, and healthy controls. Electronic databases were searched for anorexia nervosa, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, healthy controls, night eating syndrome, obesity, and constitutional thinness in studies where adiponectin levels were measured. A total of 4262 participants from 50 published studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in participants with anorexia nervosa than in healthy controls (Hedges' g = 0.701, p < 0.001). However, adiponectin levels in constitutionally thin participants were not significantly different from those of healthy controls (Hedges' g = 0.470, p = 0.187). Obesity and binge-eating disorder were associated with significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to those of healthy controls (Hedges' g = -0.852, p < 0.001 and Hedges' g = -0.756, p = 0.024, respectively). The disorders characterized by excessive increases or decreases in BMI were associated with significant changes in adiponectin levels. These results suggest that adiponectin may be an important marker of severely disequilibrated homeostasis, especially in fat, glucose, and bone metabolisms. Nonetheless, an increase in adiponectin may not simply be associated with a decrease in BMI, as constitutional thinness is not associated with a significant increase in adiponectin.

Eating disorders - what the gastroenterologist needs to know

Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening disorders that go along with severe psychiatric and somatic comorbidities. It is expected that the number of patients will dramatically increase in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.Four main eating disorders are mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD-11): anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) und avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Many traditional assumptions in eating disorders are currently challenged due to recent research results. The gastroenterologist is usually not the first point of contact for patients with eating disorders. However, he is crucial, especially in the management of gastroenterologic complications of eating disorders.Focus of the overview will be on relevant gastroenterologic aspects and less on the psychiatric treatment. Basics of the most common eating disorders will be repeated, opportunities in diagnosing an eating disorder and the most relevant gastroenterologic complications will be described. Obesity and its management, an entity that often goes along with an eating disorder, is not in the spotlight of the review.

Intermittent fasting interventions to leverage metabolic and circadian mechanisms for cancer treatment and supportive care outcomes.

Intermittent fasting entails restricting food intake during specific times of day, days of the week, religious practice, or surrounding clinically important events. Herein, the metabolic and circadian rhythm mechanisms underlying the proposed benefits of intermittent fasting for the cancer population are described. We summarize epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical studies in cancer published between January 2020 and August 2022 and propose avenues for future research. An outstanding concern regarding the use of intermittent fasting among cancer patients is that fasting often results in caloric restriction, which can put patients already prone to malnutrition, cachexia, or sarcopenia at risk. Although clinical trials do not yet provide sufficient data to support the general use of intermittent fasting in clinical practice, this summary may be useful for patients, caregivers, and clinicians who are exploring intermittent fasting as part of their cancer journey for clinical outcomes and symptom management.