Fault Current Limiter Research Articles

Impact of saturated iron-core superconducting fault current limiters on traveling wave based fault location in DC transmission lines

Impact of saturated iron-core superconducting fault current limiters on traveling wave based fault location in DC transmission lines

Study on vibration characteristics of magnetic saturation AC fault current limiter

Study on vibration characteristics of magnetic saturation AC fault current limiter

Simulation Analysis and Steady-State Operation Tests of Magneto-Biased Superconducting Fault Current Limiter on a 66 kV Power Substation in China

Simulation Analysis and Steady-State Operation Tests of Magneto-Biased Superconducting Fault Current Limiter on a 66 kV Power Substation in China

A review of the optimal configuration of fault current limiter in power system

A review of the optimal configuration of fault current limiter in power system

Multi-Physics Characteristic Simulations of a Current-Limiting CORC Conductor for a 35 kV/1.5 kA Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)

Multi-Physics Characteristic Simulations of a Current-Limiting CORC Conductor for a 35 kV/1.5 kA Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)

Development of a novel multifunctional superconducting device for performance enhancement of DC microgrids

DC microgrids have become an important infrastructure for increasing the integration of renewable energy sources in power grids. However, these DC microgrids suffer from inherent fluctuations from renewable energy sources as well as high fault currents during grid disturbances. Addressing these challenges simultaneously with a single device is a significant technical issue. This paper proposes a novel Multifunctional Superconducting Device (MSCD) with dual functionality to overcome these challenges. The MSCD can operate as a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system during normal operation, providing mitigation of renewable energy fluctuations through its shunt connection. During grid faults, the MSCD transits to operate as a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) in series with the grid, limiting the fault current. The proposed MSCD has only an additional controlled switch to the conventional power electronic converter of SMES. The dual functionality of the proposed MSCD has been evaluated using the PSCAD/EMTCD computer package under various operating conditions, validating its ability to seamlessly transition between SMES and SFCL modes. The proposed MSCD could effectively smooth DC bus voltage fluctuations caused by variations in wind speed and solar radiation and could significantly limit the fault current contribution from the DC microgrid under fault conditions. Furthermore, a superconducting coil with a pancake structure has been built and integrated with a control circuit to experimentally validate the functionality of the MSCD. Two experimental case studies were conducted - the first testing the charging and discharging behavior, and the second evaluating the current limiting capability of the MSCD prototype.

Presaturated iron‐core fault current limiters for MVDC power system applications

AbstractThis paper presents design and dynamic performance investigation of a full‐scale, modular topology (arranged on the sides of a regular hexagon), medium voltage direct current (MVDC) permanent magnet (PM) biased presaturated fault current limiter (PMFCL). This PMFCL represents a cost‐effective design with enhanced longevity, reliability, scalability, and controllability. The scalability of this modular design can be extended by adding or removing CI (letters: CI) core units for different power system applications in a voltage range from to or more. The rated steady‐state (DC) and fault currents of and , respectively. The detection free and self‐triggering performance of this PMFCL is designed and simulated through a 3D coupled model of electric‐circuit magnetic‐field of COMSOL Multiphysics. Accurate representation of PM behaviour, especially in the second quadrant of its hysteresis loop of Jiles‐Atherton method gives realistic performance of the PMFCL. Comprehensive finite element simulations are carried out to study the effect of design parameters on the dynamic performance of PMFCL. Good agreement is found between COMSOL simulation results of DC‐biased PFCL and experimental results of a developed small‐scale prototype. Results reveal that the MVDC PMFCL shows significant improvement and satisfactory performance, in terms of fault current clipping ratio, fault current slope, and power losses, as compared to the conventional MVDC DC‐biased presaturated CI iron‐core fault current limiter (PFCL).

Возможность ограничения токов короткого замыкания в электрических сетях, содержащих сверхпроводящие линии электропередач, с помощью ВТСП-предохранителя

2G HTS conductors are known to have high critical parameters what gives an opportunity of making various fault current limiting devices. One of them is proposed in this paper the HTS fuse – HTSF), the design of which was developed and previously protected by a patent. Due to its simplicity, this device has a low cost as compared with others and can be replaced very easily after actuation and burning out. Another advantage of the HTSF is a low capacity of its cryogenic system, due to its low mass and dimension characteristics, but if it is used together with a HTS cable there is no necessity of having a special cryogenic system at all, since the HTSF cooling down can be performed by that one of the HTS cable. Here are given the calculations of the fault current limitation efficiency of the HTSF within the electric power system having a HTS transmission line.

Influence of fast switching fault current limiter on electromagnetic transient of extra-high voltage transmission line

Abstract The rapid advancement of power systems has led to an increase in short-circuit currents. The short-circuit current can be effectively limited by adding a fast-switching fault current limiter. However, incorporating a current-limiting reactor into ultra-high voltage lines may impact electromagnetic transients. This study utilizes PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software to develop a typical 330kV transmission line model for simulation analysis. The paper aims to study whether the current limiting reactor will affect the switching overvoltage in the automatic reclosing overvoltage. The results show that the input of the current-restricting transformer efficiently constrains the magnitude of short-circuit currents and exerts minimal influence on the automatic reclosing overvoltage in ultra-high voltage transmission lines.

Current Limit Transfer and Recovery Characteristics of Resistive-Inductive Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Current Limit Transfer and Recovery Characteristics of Resistive-Inductive Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Electromagnetic Thermal Analysis on Variable Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Electromagnetic Thermal Analysis on Variable Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

Impacts of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters on Undervoltage Protection for the Distribution Network

Impacts of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters on Undervoltage Protection for the Distribution Network

Research on Fault Current Limiting of Magneto-Biased Superconducting DC Current Limiter in DC Distribution Network

Research on Fault Current Limiting of Magneto-Biased Superconducting DC Current Limiter in DC Distribution Network

Influence of wind farm fault current control strategies on distance protection during unsymmetrical faults

Abstract This paper evaluates the performance of distance protection near a wind farm with type IV wind turbines with various basic fault current control strategies implemented in the power converters. The considered fault control strategies include control of purely positive sequence currents or combined positive and negative sequence currents for reactive power support of various magnitudes. A multi-variable study is performed in PSCAD to show performance of a basic algorithm of distance protection at a 420 kV line in a vicinity of the wind farm. The results show that the majority of relay failures occur for phase-phase-ground faults, that reactive current control has less influence in strong grid than in weak grid, and that standard wind turbine fault control procedure of providing balanced current might result in fault currents much smaller than maximum allowed (usually 1.2 pu).

Design and experimental results of a 10 kV resistance-inductance type superconducting fault current limiter

Design and experimental results of a 10 kV resistance-inductance type superconducting fault current limiter

The Identification of Microstructural Changes in High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes for Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

HTS 2G tapes used in Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) have properties that allow for the effective limitation of short-circuit currents; however, due to the specificity of the device operation, they should be characterized by the high stability of the parameters when repeatedly leaving the superconducting state. During the operation of SFCLs, a situation may occur in which the parameters of the HTS tapes used will change several times as a result of the action of short-circuit currents that exceed the critical current IC of the superconductor of the tape used. This paper presents the results of microstructural tests of 2G HTS tapes intended for SFCLs, subjected to surge currents corresponding to prospective short-circuit currents with values higher than their critical currents IC and for which IC changes were observed. The HTS tapes were examined using a JEOL 7600F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The test results indicate the possibility of micro-damage in the form of cracks in the superconductor layer, as well as the interruption of the buffer layers and the oxidation of the silver layers. The analysis of the chemical composition of the HTS tape layers may indicate the occurrence of diffusion processes.

Fault Current Limiting and Grid Code Compliance for Grid-Forming Inverters—Part I: Problem Statement

Fault Current Limiting and Grid Code Compliance for Grid-Forming Inverters—Part I: Problem Statement

A Voltage-Clamping Type DC Fault Current Limiter With Low Power Losses

A Voltage-Clamping Type DC Fault Current Limiter With Low Power Losses

Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Model for Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Future Electric Aircraft

Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Model for Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Future Electric Aircraft

A Dual-Stage Solid-State Fault-Current Limiter for Flexible DC Distribution Networks

A Dual-Stage Solid-State Fault-Current Limiter for Flexible DC Distribution Networks