Waste Lime Research Articles

Optimizing groundwater decarbonation in Bordj Bou Arreridj Highlands (Algeria): comparative study of carbide lime waste from linde gas and caustic soda

Optimizing groundwater decarbonation in Bordj Bou Arreridj Highlands (Algeria): comparative study of carbide lime waste from linde gas and caustic soda

Resin-based dental pulp capping restoration enclosing silica and portlandite nanoparticles from natural resources

Natural-based materials represent green choices for biomedical applications. In this study, resin pulp capping restoration enclosing strengthening silica and bioactive portlandite nanofillers were prepared from industrial wastes. Silica nanoparticles were isolated from rice husk by heat treatment, followed by dissolution/precipitation treatment. Portlandite nanoparticles were prepared by calcination of carbonated lime waste followed by ultrasonic treatment. Both were characterized using x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray, and transmission electron microscopy. For preparing pulp capping restoration, silica (after silanization) and/or portlandite nanoparticles were mixed with 40/60 weight ratio of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Groups A, B, and C enclosing 50 wt.% silica, 25 wt.% silica + 25 wt.% portlandite, and 50 wt.% portlandite, respectively, were prepared. All groups underwent microhardness, compressive strength, calcium release, pH, and apatite forming ability inspection in comparison to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) positive control. In comparison to MTA, all experimental groups showed significantly higher compressive strength, group B showed comparable microhardness, and group C showed significantly higher calcium release. Groups B and C showed prominent hydroxyapatite formation. Thus, the preparation of economic, silica-fortified, bioactive pulp capping material from under-utilized agricultural residues (rice husk) and zero-value industrial waste (carbonated lime from sugar industry) could be achieved.

Utilizing sugar factory lime waste and crumb rubber for sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

Ultra-High-performance Concrete (UHPC) offers significant advancements in construction due to its superior strength and durability. However, its traditional formulation demands extensive cement use, leading to high costs and adverse environmental impacts. This research explores the feasibility of repurposing lime waste, a by-product of sugar production, as a substitute for cementitious materials in UHPC, while also examining the use of crumb rubber powder as a complementary filler within the UHPC matrix. Glass, steel, and synthetic macro fibers are also added to improve the ductility of the concrete mix. A series of mechanical tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed concrete. The results are compared with those of conventional cement and other cement substitutes. It is found that replacing 10 % of cement with lime waste and rubber powder produces the optimal UHPC mix, with 104 MPa compressive strength, 7.1 MPa bending strength, 5.8 MPa tensile strength, and 32.8 GPa modulus of elasticity. Moreover, steel fibers are the best reinforcement option, as they significantly improve the ductility and malleability of the concrete, achieving 13,456 J rupture energy and 17.4 MPa bending strength. However, a microstructure analysis reveals that the cement substitutes cause a slight deterioration in the concrete quality, but this is compensated by the benefits of the fibers. It is also shown that the use of lime waste and rubber powder reduces the carbon footprint and the cost of UHPC, making it a more sustainable and economical choice for construction materials. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of lime waste and rubber powder as cement substitutes in UHPC is a feasible and beneficial strategy for developing environmentally friendly UHPC with enhanced mechanical properties. This study contributes to the advancement of eco-conscious UHPC and opens new avenues for future research.

Replacing Potassium Hydroxide with Carbide Lime Waste in Preparing Sludge-Based Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Replacing Potassium Hydroxide with Carbide Lime Waste in Preparing Sludge-Based Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Fertilizer Management Strategies of Glycine max L. (Soybean) in Northcentral and North-Western North Dakota

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a new cash crop grown in north central and northwestern North Dakota (ND). Soils and climate in these new soybean areas differ from current fertilizer guidelines. A three-year study to evaluate soybean fertility best management practices was initiated in the spring of 2016 and concluded in 2018. Each year had two sites and twelve treatments. One site was acidic (pH < 6.2) and the other was alkaline (pH > 7.2). Both site treatments were: untreated check, inoculated with rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum L.), broadcast urea (55 kg ha−1), broadcast MAP (110 kg ha−1), In-furrow 10-34-0 (28 L ha−1), in-furrow 6-24-6 (28 L ha−1), foliar 3-18-18 (28 L ha−1) at V5 and R2, and foliar 3-18-18 (28 L ha−1) with sulfate (1.1 kg ha−1) at V5 and R2. The acidic site had two treatments of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) waste lime (4411 kg ha−1 and 8821 kg ha−1). The alkaline site received treatments of iron ortho-ortho-EDDHA (7.1 L ha−1), and naked ortho-ortho-EDDHA (7.1 L ha−1). An in-furrow treatment of cobalt (2.9 kg cobalt-sulfate ha−1) was added in 2018. Fertilizer treatments did not impact soybean yield, protein content and oil content at the 0.05 significance level.

Pressurized liquid extraction assisted by high-intensity ultrasound to obtain hesperidin from lime waste: Integration of in-line purification and on-line chromatographic analysis

Hesperidin is a phenolic compound usually found in citrus fruits, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This bioactive compound has already been used to formulate medications to treat chronic venous insufficiency. In this work, through a system which allows the in-line coupling of the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) with solid phase extraction (SPE), and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV–Vis detector (HPLC-UV) in on-line mode, a method was developed to obtain, separate, and quantify hesperidin from the industrial waste of lime. An eco-friendly approach with water and ethanol as extraction solvents was used. Parameters such as temperature (80, 100, and 120 °C) and HIUS power (0, 200, and 400 W) were evaluated regarding hesperidin yield. In this context, the higher hesperidin yield (18.25 ± 1.52 mg/g) was achieved using water at a subcritical state (120 °C and 15 MPa). The adsorbent SepraTM C-18-E isolated hesperidin from the other extracted compounds employing 50% ethanol in the SPE elution. The possibility ofon-lineanalysis coupling a high-performance liquid chromatograph to an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) system was studied and shown to be a feasible approach for developing integrated technologies. Conventional extractions and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated, highlighting the advantages of the HIUS-PLE-SPE extractive method. Furthermore, the on-linechromatographic analysis showed the potential of the HIUS-PLE-SPE- HPLC-UV system to quantify the extracted compounds in real time.

Effect of Porosity/Binder Index on Strength, Stiffness and Microstructure of Cemented Clay: The Impact of Sustainable Development Geomaterials.

Searching for alternative material options to reduce the extraction of natural resources is essential for promoting a more sustainable world. This is especially relevant in construction and infrastructure projects, where significant volumes of materials are used. This paper aims to introduce three alternative materials, crushed ground glass (GG), recycled gypsum (GY) and crushed lime waste (CLW), byproducts of construction industry geomaterials, to enhance the mechanical properties of clay soil in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. These materials show promise as cementitious and frictional agents, combined with soil and cement. Rigorous testing, including tests on unconfined compressive strength (qu) and initial stiffness (Go) and with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), reveals a correlation between strength, stiffness and the novel porosity/binder index (η/Civ) and provides mixed design equations for the novel geomaterials. Micro-level analyses show the formation of hydrated calcium silicates and complex interactions among the waste materials, cement and clay. These new geomaterials offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional cementation, contributing to geotechnical solutions in vulnerable tropical regions.

Transforming Carbide Lime Waste into Marketable PCC: Effect of Mechanical Disturbance

The acetylene market is anticipated to be driven by the growing applications across numerous industries particularly chemical synthesis, oxy-acetylene welding, and metal cutting. Attributable to wide-range uses, acetylene witnesses stable growth in the global market. However, the production of acetylene results in increasing generation of carbide lime waste that is classified as a scheduled waste under Malaysian Environmental Quality Act: EQA 1974 (SW427) due to its high alkalinity. The rising amount of the waste has warranted the need for repurposing its usage to avert handling and disposal difficulties. In overcoming this crucial environmental issue, the carbide lime waste was transformed into a more marketable product so-called precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) via feasible carbonation, promoted using natural sucrose solution. During the carbonation process, stirring rate was manipulated (i.e 300, 500, 700 and 1000 rpm) in investigating its effects on the PCC formation. Increasing the mechanical disturbance resulted in significant time reduction from 28 minutes to only 9 minutes and particle refinement. The production of PCC with purity above 98% suggested that the carbide lime waste was successfully transformed into high-grade PCC, which not only may help in preserving environmental sustainability yet can also offer profitable return to industry.

Physical and thermal insulation properties of foam concrete with the use of lime sludge (chemical waste)

The article investigates the physical and thermal insulation, the physical display of sand and lime sludge (waste), the electron microscopic analysis of foam concrete of the application of lime sludge (waste) to foam concrete. The results of a study of the physical and thermal insulation of foam concrete with lime waste and the compressive strength of structural foam concrete are presented.. For more efficient use in the development of new energy-saving foam concrete building products, laboratory experiments have established that lime slurry can be used as a filler for foam concrete.

Effectiveness of Carbide Lime Waste as CO<sub>2 </sub>Capturing Materials of Mortar at Early CO<sub>2 </sub>Curing Age

This study explored the use of Carbide Lime Waste (CLW) in mortar production and its exposure to controlled CO2 curing for 24 hours. The results indicate that CLW mortar under CO2 curing has improved compressive strength and early CO2 capturing performance due to the reaction between Ca (OH)2 in CLW and CO2 gas. With a cement replacement rate of 20, a 60% solid carbonates precipitation was recorded after just 7 days of curing. In general, the longer the curing durations, the higher the CO2 capturing capability. Further investigations into the long-term mechanical and durability properties are recommended to assess its feasibility for practical applications. Re-utilization of waste materials like CLW can make significant strides towards more eco-friendly and sustainable practices.

Waste Lime Earthwork Management Using Drone and BIM Technology for Construction Projects: The Case Study of Urban Development Project

Recently, there has been a recognized need to use waste lime landfills for land reclamation projects. Waste lime earthwork is more challenging than general earthwork operations due to potential health and safety hazards and significant changes in earthwork volume. There has been substantial research undertaken on the role of advanced construction technologies in general earthwork; however, their potential in hazardous waste lime environments for earthwork management is yet to be explored. This research proposes a methodology that integrates drone and BIM construction technology for effective and efficient hazardous waste lime earthwork management for construction projects. Drones are used for surveying, providing as-built information, and BIM to model, process, and evaluate the progress of waste lime earthwork. Volume change analyses are conducted using BIM to calculate dehydration time due to the ripple effect of waste lime for cost-efficient earthwork haulage. The case study provides evidence that the proposed method using advanced construction technologies improves productivity, safety, cost control, and better project management for earthwork related to hazardous waste materials.

Carbon dioxide cured building materials as an approach to decarbonizing the calcium carbide related industry

Storing CO2 in building materials is an effective way to utilizing CO2 and mitigating climate change. This study presents a new approach connecting the decarbonization of the coal-to-chemical industry with the production of CO2 cured building materials. This approach uses calcium carbide residue (CCR), a byproduct of the CaC2-to-acetylene process, as an alternative lime source for CO2 sequestration, and it is generally applicable to all scenarios where alternative lime wastes are available. For the first time, the feasibility of achieving two cementation mechanisms, i.e., lime carbonation and lime-silica reaction, in one autoclave was demonstrated at the industrial level. By doing so, the building materials prepared are capable of sequestering up to 20% CO2 by the weight of raw binders, meanwhile being applicable for structural usage. This approach facilitates the reuse of various solid and gaseous wastes associated with the coal-to-chemical industry. More importantly, the low-carbon nature of industrial byproducts serving as raw materials and the vast CO2 taken up via CCR carbonation makes the materials prepared CO2 negative. Considering only the calcium carbide industry of China, this approach brings an opportunity to mitigate 129 Mt to 311 Mt CO2 eq global warming potential by 2050.

Early CO2 capturing mortar by incorporating a new potential carbide lime waste under controlled CO2 curing

Early-age cement paste or mortar can be enhanced by curing it in a CO2 chamber. The study was initiated with investigation on the optimum compressive strength by replacing cement to carbide lime with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of Carbide Lime Waste (CLW) content. The desired CLW mortar at 28 normal curing age was selected and the similar mix proportion was again casted and the fresh CLW mortar was cured for 1,3 and 7 days under controlled CO2 curing. The CO2 concentration and temperature were fixed at 20% and 60% respectively. The compressive strength and depth of carbonation of CLW mortar was investigated. In addition, their microstructural properties under TGA test was analysed at the early curing ages by using cement pastes. It was found that the mortar containing 5% of CLW had the desired optimum compressive strength and UPV under water curing condition. Overall, the strength properties of control mortar and CLW mortar significantly enhanced at early strength gained by controlled CO2 curing as compared to the water curing technique. The used of 5% of CLW as the potential to substitute the cement portion has provide better understanding on CO2 sequestration in cement mortar. The microstructural result shows the CaCO3 precipitation in the CLW mortar was higher than the control mortar as CLW has Ca(OH)2 behaviour which effectively react with CO2 and formed stable CaCO3 precipitation in the mortar.

The Effect of Fruit Waste Compost with Inorganic Fortification on Spinach Quality

Abstract: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), locally known as Palak, is one of the most essential vegetables of the Chenopodiaceae family. It is a rich source of fiber, vitamins A, C, E, K, B6, B2 as well as magnesium, manganese, iron, calcium, potassium, copper, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, folate, betaine, folic acid, collagen, niacin, omega 3 fatty acids, beta carotene, lutein, carotenoids, and quercetin bioflavonoid with many other flavonoids. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different type of compost(T1 - Control, T2 -Sweet lime compost 2 Ton/ha, T3 -Sweet lime compost 4Ton/ha, T4 -Sweet lime compost with Zinc and Iron 2 Ton/ha, T5 -Sweet lime compost with Zinc and Iron 4Ton/ha, T6-Pineapple compost 2 Ton/ha, T7 -Pineapple compost 4Ton/ha, T8-Pineapple compost with Zinc and Iron 2 Ton/ha), T9 -Pineapple compost with Zinc and Iron 4Ton/ha) on spinach. The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during the Rabi seasons of 2019 and 2020, respectively. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The whole field was first divided into three blocks, and each block was further divided into nine plots. An analysis of variance for all the treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) was carried out. For testing the hypothesis, the ANOVA table was used. Except fat content, the results of the sweet lime waste compost were good in terms of the overall proximate composition of spinach. Maximum antioxidant levels in spinach were found at fortified pineapple waste compost rates of 2 and 4 tonnes per hectare, respectively.

Enhancing the Gamma-Radiation-Shielding Properties of Gypsum–Lime–Waste Marble Mortars by Incorporating Micro- and Nano-PbO Particles

In the current study, the gamma-radiation-shielding characteristics of novel gypsum-lime-waste marble-based mortars reinforced with micro-PbO and nano-PbO powders were investigated. In total, seven mortar groups, including a control mortar (named GLM), were prepared. The other groups contained10, 20, and 30 wt.% of both micro-PbO and nano-PbO as a waste marble replacement. This study aimed to explore the effect of particle size and concentrations of PbO powders on the γ-ray-shielding capability of GLM mortars. For this purpose, an HPGe detector and five standard radioactive point sources (241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co, and 152Eu) were employed to measure different shielding parameters, including the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μm), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth-value layer (TVL), for the prepared samples in the energy range between 59.53 keV to 1408.01 keV. On the basis of μm values, other significant shielding parameters such as effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were also computed to explore the potential usage of the proposed mortars as radiation protective materials. The results reported that the smallest HVL, TVL, and MPF, as well as the largest attenuation values, were obtained for mortars reinforced by nano-PbO compared to those containing micro-PbO. It can be concluded from the results that the mortar samples containing nano-PbO had a remarkably improved gamma-radiation-shielding ability. Thus, these mortars can be used for radiation shielding on walls in nuclear facilities to reduce the transmitted radiation dose.

The influence of superplasticizers on the porous structure and thermal conductivity of lime foam concrete waste

the results of laboratory experiments are presented, where the use of lime waste (sludge) in foam concrete and the possibility of their use as a filler for foam concrete are analyzed. It is shown that the total porosity, thermal conductivity and structural quality of foam concrete with waste lime were taken as parameters of the porous structure.

Preparation and Study of Borosilicate Foam Glass with High Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Strength

Foam glass is a kind of green building material that is widely used because of its excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties. In this study, the borosilicate foam glass was fabricated by powder sintering method using recycled soda lime waste glass, quartz, and borax as the primary raw materials. CaCO3 was used as a foaming agent and Na2CO3 as a flux agent. Results showed that as the quartz content decreases from 30 to 17.5 wt.% and borax content increases from 5 to 17.5 wt.%, the pore size, porosity, and thermal insulation of borosilicate foam glass increase significantly, while the compressive strength decreases slightly. When the content of quartz and borax are both 17.5 wt.%, borosilicate foam glass with outstanding performance can be prepared, whose pore distribution is uniform, mean pore size is 1.93 mm, total porosity is 83.44%, thermal conductivity is 0.0711 W/(m⋅K), and compressive strength is 2.37 MPa. Finally, the influences of foaming agent content, flux agent content, foaming temperature, and holding time on the pore structure and various properties of borosilicate foam glass were investigated by orthogonal test. According to the results, the foaming temperature has a significant effect, and appropriate foaming agent content, flux agent content, and holding time help to form a uniform pore structure, thereby improving the thermal insulation and mechanical strength of the borosilicate foam glass.

Low energy synthesis of anhydrite cement from waste lime mud

AbstractBackgroundThe re‐use of waste is the most important aspect of sustainable development for human health and environmental protection. Millions of tons of hazardous spent sulfuric acid and lime mud are produced by water treatment facilities every year. Unlike other types of waste, lime mud can sometimes be used for the thermal regeneration of lime. However, this approach requires a high energy consumption and, thus, cannot be considered a sustainable or green process. Compared to the latest research, the method presented here allowed for the production of anhydrite in one step at very low temperatures and in a short time while also bypassing the stage of gypsum phase formation.ResultsCalcium sulfate anhydrite was synthesized from the water treatment waste of lime mud by a low‐temperature method at temperatures of 25 and 45 °С. The resulting samples were composed of anhydrite with different crystal morphologies. This was confirmed by XRD, DTA, SEM, TEM, and thermochemical calculations. Dependences of the influence of the shape of crystals on the main technological properties of anhydrite cement and the influence of additives on the activation of the binding properties were established.ConclusionThe research shows that different types of calcium sulfate anhydrite require different additives and in different amounts. Introducing the optimal composition of additives‐activators made it possible to obtain anhydrite cement with a water‐anhydrite ratio of 0.25, an onset of setting no earlier than 40 min, an end of setting no later than 12 h, and a strength of 28.8 MPa. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Optimization and enhancement of CO2 sequestration in industrial wastes for environmental applications

This paper explores carbon capture and storage (CCS) through carbide lime waste (CLW), a by-product of acetylene production, under different conditions. This process is specifically designed to provide an onsite waste management solution for several industries that can easily be integrated into existing systems. In addition, the effect of the carbonation process on collected solids morphology and average particle size was studied. The structural and chemical characteristics of the carbonated carbide lime samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, TGA analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of carbonation conditions on the total dissolved solids and change in pH was studied. All carbonated products exhibited a calcite crystal structure with a specific morphology at each carbonation condition. High CLW concentration helped to form singular long rods and agglomerated spheroidal particles. In contrast, low CLW concentration promoted truncated prismatic morphology. The maximum pH reduction was honored at the highest CLW to water ratio. In addition, a maximum conductivity reduction of 96.87% was obtained at pH 12.7, and a CLW to water ratio of 1:10. Raman analyzer, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the minimum CO2 uptake value for the higher carbide lime to distilled water ratio. This is due to the increase in the concentration of calcium species in the CLW–water mixture, which will form a thin carbonation layer that is distributed among calcium species.

ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING HIGH-MOISTURE IRON-CONTAINING SLUDGE

The existing methods of iron briquettes production from metallurgical sludge are based on their preliminary dewatering, multistage and energy-consuming technologies of pelletizing. The importance of solving the problem of dewatering of high-moisture fine iron sludge for creating resource-saving metallurgical processes is shown. The research results present the combined process of chemical dewatering of high-moisture iron-containing sludge with pulverized waste lime and dolomite and their hardening and pelletizing by pressing in a single technological cycle. In the process of laboratory study the following parameters were controlled: temperature, weight, rate of dewatering, chemical composition, moisture of the mixtures, appearance of produced briquettes and mechanical strength of the briquettes. A kiln-free method has been developed to produce iron-containing briquettes from sludge, which combines the processes of dewatering and self-hardening of the mixture and the process of pelletizing in a single technological cycle. The proposed technology does not require slime drying and briquette firing. The strength of briquettes increases as they cool in the air during 1 day. The proposed technology would allow organizing the production of iron-containing material for melting cast iron and steel from iron-containing slime and finely ground waste of limestone and dolomite firing.