LIM System Research Articles

Majelis Ta’lim sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Non Formal di Indonesia

Majelis ta’lim is a non-formal Islamic educational institution that has its own curriculum, is held regularly, and is attended by relatively large congregations. It aims to build polite and harmonious relationships between humans and Allah SWT, humans and others, and the environment, fostering a community that is devoted to Allah SWT. The majlis ta’lim system has developed since the beginning of the spread of Islam in the Arabian continent, then spread throughout the Islamic world in Asia, Africa, and Indonesia, especially those that continue to grow today with the main mission of teaching Islam to Muslims. Even in Indonesia, the majlis ta’lim is a component of national education activities. The role of the ta’lim assembly in society is to strengthen the foundation of human life in the field of Islam in order to improve the quality of life integrally, physically and spiritually, worldly and spiritually, in accordance with Islamic teachings, namely faith and piety, which underlie life in the world and all areas of its activities. This research is library research by collecting various information from books and journals. This article explains the meaning, development, and role of the Majlis Ta’lim as a non-formal Islamic educational institution in Indonesia.

Assessing the SAIN,LIM nutrient profile of foods sold by fast food restaurants in Tunisia: Exploring ways for improvement

ObjectivesNon-communicable diseases have increased in Tunisia after the epidemiological transition. That is why the national strategy to prevent and control obesity was elaborated and implemented. Improving the quality of foods is one axis of this strategy. The purpose of this paper was to estimate and evaluate the nutritional profiles of Tunisian foods sold by fast food restaurants, and explore ways for improvement. Material and methodsNutritional quality of 35 average recipes or items was assessed by 70 recipes of dishes sold by fast food restaurants. The SAIN,LIM French scoring system was used. Foods were classified into the four SAIN,LIM classes, i.e. from the healthiest (class 1) to the least healthy (class 4). The recipes were then reformulated and improved by deleting or reducing some unfavorable ingredients like salt. ResultsBefore reformulation, the items were spread over the 4 SAIN,LIM classes (class 1: 42.9%; class 2: 8.6%; class 3: 20.0% and class 4: 28.6%). After reformulation, the items were spread over class 1 (85.7%) and class 3 (14.3%), showing clear improvement of their nutritional quality. ConclusionIn Tunisia, an important percentage of foods sold by fast food restaurant have a good nutrient profile (43%). After reformulation, most items were in the healthiest class. This study is the first to show that it is possible to improve the nutritional quality of foods sold by fast food restaurants, and that the SAIN,LIM system can help to that end.

Nutritional Quality of <i>Solanum nigrum L</i>. Leaves during Traditional Boiling

Background and objectives: Green vegetables are considered an important source of some nutritionally constituents that have health benefits. Generally, food composition databases related to raw foods are available, but data on cooked foods in Cote d’Ivoire are still lacking. The current study aimed to evaluate antioxidant compounds, Fatty acids and determine nutritional profile using the LIM and SAIN system of Solanum nigrum leaves before and after boiling. Materials and Methods: The leaves were subjected to boiling in cooker for 10, 15 and 20 min. Fatty acids and carotenoids and were determined according to standard methods for nutritional guidelines. Results The polyunsaturated, unsaturated fatty, omega-6 and omega-3, were investigated and the results obtained were as follow: (880.52 ± 0.06 - 3634.32 ± 3.20 mg /100g), (1047.03±0.63-2466.76 ± 0.48 mg/ 100g), (177.96 ± 0.33 - 1415.42 ± 0.31 mg/100 g), (459.21 ± 0.31-969.29± 0.05 mg/100g). The Carotenoids, β-Carotene and lycopene contents were high with remarkable amount (65.70 ± 0.12 - 37.38 ±0.03 mg / 100g), (17.65 ± 0.12 - 26.37 ±0.31 mg / 100g) and (1.64 ± 0.03 - 6.33 ± 0.01 mg / 100g). All samples have score SAIN > 5 and LIM score Conclusion: These results revealed that Solanum nigrum leaves was important source of some nutritionally constituent. However, longer time of boiling (higher than 10 min) caused negative impacts by reducing nutritive compounds. It suggested that the recommended time for domestic cooking must be less than 10 min for the studied leafy vegetables in order to contribute efficiently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population.

Pendidikan Nilai-Nilai Kebangsaan Di Pesantren : Riset di Pesantren Ashidiqiyah Jakarta Barat

In addition to transferring knowledge, education is the way to cultivate the values, such as civic values. Recently, the urgency of civic education is deemed important regarding the emergence of national crisis (the lack of civic and public values). Therefore, civic values must be implemented in educational institution such as pesantren. This paper is research summary on education values in Ashidiqiyah Pesantren Kedoya South Jakarta. The result inferred that civic education was cultivated in the Pesantren, including the personal character and nation character building. Personal character encompasses honesty, truthfulness, love to knowledge, sincerity, patient, self-restraint and others values of piety. While civic character constitutes tolerance, equality, and national unity and others. Civic values educated in the Pesantren are referenced to the Qur‟an, hadith and classical Islamic works (yellow book) and implemented through two systems: education (ta‟lim) and care systems. Ta‟lim system is implemented in formal education (madrasah) surrounding the Pesantren, starting from the lowest level (ibtidaiyyah) to the higher level Madrasah (aliyah) and Ma‟had Ali (as university). Ta‟lim system is also conducted through routine studies on Yellow Book and discussion forum (bahsul masa‟il), and the like. While care system tends to emphasize the habitual (ta‟dib). By the care, control and discipline systems, santri as subject of education is accustomed to practice the higher values of Islam, including civic values and self-defend to the bad values which polluted the civic values.

Pendidikan Nilai-Nilai Kebangsaan Di Pesantren : Riset di Pesantren Ashidiqiyah Jakarta Barat

In addition to transferring knowledge, education is the way to cultivate the values, such as civic values. Recently, the urgency of civic education is deemed important regarding the emergence of national crisis (the lack of civic and public values). Therefore, civic values must be implemented in educational institution such as pesantren. This paper is research summary on education values in Ashidiqiyah Pesantren Kedoya South Jakarta. The result inferred that civic education was cultivated in the Pesantren, including the personal character and nation character building. Personal character encompasses honesty, truthfulness, love to knowledge, sincerity, patient, self-restraint and others values of piety. While civic character constitutes tolerance, equality, and national unity and others. Civic values educated in the Pesantren are referenced to the Qur‟an, hadith and classical Islamic works (yellow book) and implemented through two systems: education (ta‟lim) and care systems. Ta‟lim system is implemented in formal education (madrasah) surrounding the Pesantren, starting from the lowest level (ibtidaiyyah) to the higher level Madrasah (aliyah) and Ma‟had Ali (as university). Ta‟lim system is also conducted through routine studies on Yellow Book and discussion forum (bahsul masa‟il), and the like. While care system tends to emphasize the habitual (ta‟dib). By the care, control and discipline systems, santri as subject of education is accustomed to practice the higher values of Islam, including civic values and self-defend to the bad values which polluted the civic values.

From the SAIN,LIM system to the SENS algorithm: a review of a French approach of nutrient profiling.

Nutrient profiling aims to classify or rank foods according to their nutritional composition to assist policies aimed at improving the nutritional quality of foods and diets. The present paper reviews a French approach of nutrient profiling by describing the SAIN,LIM system and its evolution from its early draft to the simplified nutrition labelling system (SENS) algorithm. Considered in 2010 by WHO as the 'French model' of nutrient profiling, SAIN,LIM classifies foods into four classes based on two scores: a nutrient density score (NDS) called SAIN and a score of nutrients to limit called LIM, and one threshold on each score. The system was first developed by the French Food Standard Agency in 2008 in response to the European regulation on nutrition and health claims (European Commission (EC) 1924/2006) to determine foods that may be eligible for bearing claims. Recently, the European regulation (EC 1169/2011) on the provision of food information to consumers allowed simplified nutrition labelling to facilitate consumer information and help them make fully informed choices. In that context, the SAIN,LIM was adapted to obtain the SENS algorithm, a system able to rank foods for simplified nutrition labelling. The implementation of the algorithm followed a step-by-step, systematic, transparent and logical process where shortcomings of the SAIN,LIM were addressed by integrating specificities of food categories in the SENS, reducing the number of nutrients, ordering the four classes and introducing European reference intakes. Through the French example, this review shows how an existing nutrient profiling system can be specifically adapted to support public health nutrition policies.

Deep-fat frying process induces nutritional composition diversity of fried products assessed by SAIN/LIM scores

This paper analyzes the impact of deep-fat frying options on the nutritional profile of fried plantain-based products by using the SAIN, LIM system. 23 nutrients and 4 disqualifying compound including acrylamide were used to calculate SAIN and LIM scores. Experimental data for heat, mass transfers and reactions modeling were from previous studies. The options of the frying were oil type, micronutrient-enrichment or not, thickness of final product, frying temperature and number of baths. Frying turned plantain from neutral food to positive or negative categories as a function of process variables. The most impacting parameters were the oil type (SAIN and LIM scores of crisps varied by 6.5 and 7.5-fold respectively) and product thickness assimilated with the final oil content (LIM scores increased by 5-fold from 6% to 33% final fat content). Acrylamide increased LIM scores by 2 to 11-fold in crisps while the use of oils enriched with β-carotene impacted the SAIN scores by 10–20%. The best trade off process time/nutritional score was obtained for thick products (fat content <25%) fried in sunflower oil in non-isothermal conditions. The use of geometrical mean to calculate SAIN scores enabled a more sensitive evaluation of the effect of number of bath.

A multimodal framework for tracking Sesshomaru's character development in an anime movie – Inuyasha: Swords of an Honourable Ruler – an appraisal and gestural perspective

In this article, I propose an integrated multimodal framework for tracking a Japanese character's development, that of Sesshomaru, in the anime movie, Inuyasha: Swords of an Honourable Ruler. The language part of the framework focuses specifically on the appraisal analysis of the language spoken by the characters. The visual framework builds on Lim's system of gesture by integrating Martin and White's system nodes for appraisal analysis into Lim's gesture framework for a nuanced analysis of the characters' gestures. The framework is then illustrated through a close comparative analysis of two scenes from the anime movie. I explain how the relationship between the language and visual semiotic resources based on appraisal analysis changes from convergence between the language and visuals to divergence, which could be correlated with character development. I conclude by discussing how the narrative context influences the semiotic representation of the character Sesshomaru.

Quantifying the contribution of foods with unfavourable nutrient profiles to nutritionally adequate diets

That 'all foods can fit' into a healthy diet is a long-standing principle of dietetic practice. The present study quantified the relative contributions of foods to encourage and foods to limit, using new techniques of individual diet optimisation and nutrient profiling. Individual foods from every food group were assigned to four nutrient profile classes based on the French SAIN,LIM system. Foods with the most favourable nutrient profiles were in class 1, and foods with the least favourable nutrient profiles were in class 4. An optimised diet that met the recommendations for thirty-two nutrients and that respected the existing eating habits was designed for each adult in the nationally representative 'Enquête Individuelle et Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires 1' dietary survey (n 1171). The relative proportions of the four nutrient profiling classes were assessed before and after the optimisation process. The contribution of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, milk and fish was significantly increased, whereas the contribution of refined grains, meats, mixed dishes, sugars and fats was decreased. The optimised diets derived more energy (30 v. 21% in the observed diets) from class 1 foods and less energy (41 v. 56%) from class 4 foods. They also derived a higher amount of class 1 foods (61 v. 51%) and a lower amount of class 4 foods (22 v. 32%). Thus, nutrient adequacy was compatible with the consumption of foods with an unfavourable nutrient profile (one-fifth the basket weight), provided that the diet also contained almost two-thirds of foods with the most favourable profile. Translating these results into concrete and quantified advice may have very tangible public health implications.

Nutrient profiles discriminate between foods according to their contribution to nutritionally adequate diets: a validation study using linear programming and the SAIN,LIM system

Background: The nutrient profile concept implies that it is possible to discriminate between foods according to their contribution to a healthy diet on the basis of their nutrient contents only.Objective: The objective was to test the compatibility between nutrient profiling and nutrient-based recommendations by using diet modeling with linear programming.Design: Food consumption data from the French “Individuelle et Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires” dietary survey and its associated food-composition database were used as input data. Each food was allocated to 1 of 4 classes, according to the SAIN,LIM system—a nutrient profiling system based on 2 independent scores, including a total of 8 basic plus 4 optional nutrients. The possibility to model diets fulfilling a set of 40 nutrient recommendations (healthy models) was tested by using foods from a given nutrient profile class only or from a combination of classes. The possibility to fulfill a set of nutrient constraints in contradiction with the recommendations (unhealthy models) was also tested. For each model, the feasible energy range was assessed by minimizing and maximizing total energy content.Results: With foods from the most favorable nutrient profile class, healthy diets could be modeled, but it was impossible to design unhealthy diets within a realistic range of energy intake with these foods. With foods from the least favorable class, unhealthy, but not healthy, diets could be designed. Both healthy and unhealthy diets could be designed with foods from intermediate classes.Conclusion: On the basis of a few key nutrients, it is possible to predict the ability of a given food to facilitate—or to impair—the fulfillment of a large number of nutrient recommendations.

'PACLIMS': A component LIM system for high-throughput functional genomic analysis

BackgroundRecent advances in sequencing techniques leading to cost reduction have resulted in the generation of a growing number of sequenced eukaryotic genomes. Computational tools greatly assist in defining open reading frames and assigning tentative annotations. However, gene functions cannot be asserted without biological support through, among other things, mutational analysis. In taking a genome-wide approach to functionally annotate an entire organism, in this application the ~11,000 predicted genes in the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea), an effective platform for tracking and storing both the biological materials created and the data produced across several participating institutions was required.ResultsThe platform designed, named PACLIMS, was built to support our high throughput pipeline for generating 50,000 random insertion mutants of Magnaporthe grisea. To be a useful tool for materials and data tracking and storage, PACLIMS was designed to be simple to use, modifiable to accommodate refinement of research protocols, and cost-efficient. Data entry into PACLIMS was simplified through the use of barcodes and scanners, thus reducing the potential human error, time constraints, and labor. This platform was designed in concert with our experimental protocol so that it leads the researchers through each step of the process from mutant generation through phenotypic assays, thus ensuring that every mutant produced is handled in an identical manner and all necessary data is captured.ConclusionMany sequenced eukaryotes have reached the point where computational analyses are no longer sufficient and require biological support for their predicted genes. Consequently, there is an increasing need for platforms that support high throughput genome-wide mutational analyses. While PACLIMS was designed specifically for this project, the source and ideas present in its implementation can be used as a model for other high throughput mutational endeavors.

Laboratory Information Management Systems for Life Science Applications

This paper discusses different aspects of laboratory information management systems in life science applications. Although different LIM systems are available on the market, the state of the art LIMS do not fulfill all requirements regarding flexibity and process connectivity. A fully web oriented LIM system is described in the article. The approach shown in the paper presents a system's model based on modern web oriented software technologies. It includes planning tools, a virtualized lab, and on-line process adaptation as well as an interface for computational data processing and data mining.

GEO-INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DECISION MAKERS

The notion of a Stakeholders' Forum was discussed at a United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Ad Hoc Expert Group Aleeting held in November, 1998. Such a Forum should be set up to develop the Land Information Management system of Member States, because there have been few success stories in regard to GIS/LIS systems in Africa, and decision makers often have had to make decisions based on little or no information. The paper discusses who should sit on such a Stakeholders' Forum, its functions in relation to the creation and maintenance of a country's LIM system, its structure, and its role in undertaking a Users' Requirement Analysis. Some of the outcomes from such a Forum should be an LIM system that primarily serves decision makers, facilitates decentralization, participatory land use planning and network connectivity (institutional and technical) and develops an integrated information and mapping system.

GEO-INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DECISION MAKERS

The notion of a Stakeholders' Forum was discussed at a United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Ad Hoc Expert Group Aleeting held in November, 1998. Such a Forum should be set up to develop the Land Information Management system of Member States, because there have been few success stories in regard to GIS/LIS systems in Africa, and decision makers often have had to make decisions based on little or no information. The paper discusses who should sit on such a Stakeholders' Forum, its functions in relation to the creation and maintenance of a country's LIM system, its structure, and its role in undertaking a Users' Requirement Analysis. Some of the outcomes from such a Forum should be an LIM system that primarily serves decision makers, facilitates decentralization, participatory land use planning and network connectivity (institutional and technical) and develops an integrated information and mapping system.

Les chances et les risques du tourisme dans les régions suisses de moyenne montagne / The opportunities and risks of tourism in the Swiss mid-altitude

Abstract : The opportunities and risks of tourism in the Swiss mid-altitude mountain areas. It is generally accepted that a sound regional tou- rism policy should be based on the principle of a market economy, which is a pre-requisite for the long- term viability of economic activities, and should aim at qualitative growth, respecting as far as possible both the natural and socio-cultural environment. In Switzerland in general, and in the Gruyère region in particular, tourism policy is shaped by three levels of government. At the federal level exists a Swiss concept of tourism (1979), at the level of the cantons, there is legislation concerning the promotion and operation of the tourism sector (1990) and, finally, for the region itself, the planning, development and installation of tourist facilities are the responsibility of an association (1978), set up as part of the LIM system. This association has the advantage of ensuring a more direct and more democratic approach to tourism development. Between 1960 and 1990, regional tourism was one of the factors which contributed to the development of the Gruyère region. However, the results obtained in Gruyère cannot be generalised to every mid-altitude mountain area of Switzerland, or of any other country. Considerable care must be taken in such an exercise. Given the complexity of the factors involved, and their interdependence, it seems advisable to recommend as many communal programmes and measures as possible for such areas and as many specific actions as appear necessary. The mid-altitude mountain areas, which are worthy of separate study, enjoy unique opportunities for tourism development on the one hand, but they are also exposed to special risks.

Development of high speed surface transport system (IISST)

Our first electromagnetically levitated, LIM-propelled test vehicle, HSST-01, reached a maximum speed of 307.8 km/h on a 1,300-meter long test track in February, 1978, whereas our second test vehicle, HSST-02, has demonstrated manned test flights successfully covering an aggregate total of about 1,500 passengers since April, 1978. The 1-ton HSST-01, designed for high speed testing incorporates eight electromagnets and a LIM with a maximum thrust of 340 kg. The levitation power supply is taken from the vehicle-borne batteries and the 3-phase variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) power for the LIM propulsion is supplied from wayside power lines. The 9-seat HSST- 02 has a laden mass of 2.3 tons. Additional functions realized in the 2nd test vehicle include: (1) Improved riding comfort achieved through the provision of a mechanical suspension with the electromagnets mounted on the flexible chassis. (2) A rectified power supply to the LIM enabling continuous levitation. Test results have shown that the predicted performances of the magnets, LIM and power collector system have been satisfactorily established. The design of an 80-seat pre-operational test vehicle is now underway, and its test flight is scheduled to be initiated in 1980 at a cruising speed of 300 km/h.