Lily Research Articles

Possibility of co-protection for populations of steppe and forest plants in alone location: A case study in Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Senchugova MA, Khapugin AA. 2018. Possibility of co-protection for populations of steppe and forest plants in alone location: a case study in Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1387-1395. In conditions of vegetation mosaicity of forest-steppe zone, many threatened plant species from different coenologic groups could growth in spatially close habitats. In this study, we tested whether steppe-related (Iris aphylla) and forest-related (Lilium martagon) plants could inhabit an alone location in conditions of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It would allow a probability to establish a Protected Area for preservation of two target plant species. For this purpose, we studied populations of I. aphylla and L. martagon in different locations, including habitats typical and atypical for these species. Using Jacquard similarity index and Tsyganov ecological scales, we compared floristic compositions and environmental variables of all studied locations. As a result, we revealed 25.3%-probability of co-habitation of I. aphylla and L. martagon in conditions of the Republic of Mordovia. Moreover, a proposed habitat was typical for L. martagon. This species has not been found in grassland habitats, while I. aphylla was registered within forest habitats. Obtained results allow to improve the Protected Areas management in the region by organization of a smaller Protected Area by conserving higher number of threatened plant species.

The History of My Family: W.B. “Leda”, her Murder and Why he Abandoned his Son

William Butler Yeats had an extra-marital lover, Lily O’Neill or Honor Bright, from 1918 to 1925. Garda Superintendent Leopold Dillon murdered her on orders from Kevin O’Higgins, Minister of Justice of the Irish Free State. George, Yeats’s wife, reported falsely that Lily was a Republican spy. O’Higgins wanted to restore credence in the Free State, which would otherwise have been reclaimed by the British due to maladministration. Afterwards a bogus trial was concocted outside the court circuit by Chief Superintendent David Neligan, at which Lily was reinvented as a prostitute to conceal Yeats’s affair and son and hide the involvement of Free State officials. On the strength of false evidence the jury unanimously acquitted the assassin after three minutes’ deliberation.

The study of phenolic compounds in Canna lily flowers using HPLC

Purpose . The purpose of our work was the research of phenolic compounds in canna lily ( Canna x hybrida Hort.) flowers for a further detailed study of canna lily plant raw material phytochemical composition. Materials and methods . Canna lily flowers of red color collected in Ukraine in summer 2014-2016 were chosen as the object of the study. Ethanol extracts obtained from dried flowers were used for the research. The extracts were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique on a liquid chromatograph equipped by diode-array detector Shimadzu HPLC-system, ser 20. HPLC technique was used to detect phenolic compounds in canna lily flowers. Results and conclusions . Rutin, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, caffeic and rosemarinic acids were identified in canna lily flowers. The obtained experimental data can be used in the development of the standardization parameters of canna lily flowers.

Photoinhibition and photoprotection during flower opening in lilies

Although most studies to extend vase life in cut flowers have focused on flower senescence thus far, flower opening is a complex process of major biological significance in the determination of flower commercialization. In order to better understand flower opening, this study evaluated to what extent photoinhibition and photo-oxidative stress are associated with tepal de-greening during flower opening in lilies (Lilium “Litouwen”). We estimated the degree of photoinhibition, the capacity for photo- and antioxidant protection, and the extent of lipid peroxidation at four flower opening stages, from closed flowers to anthesis. Additionally, we evaluated to what extent and by which mechanisms related to photo- and antioxidant protection, Promalin® (a combination of gibberellins and cytokinins) delays flower opening. Results showed that chlorophyll content decreased progressively during flower opening, while a sharp decrease of the maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) was observed just before anthesis. Moreover, content of secondary lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and jasmonic acid) increased just before anthesis, which was preceded by an enhanced production of primary lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxides). While both tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) increased during flower opening, β-carotene and xanthophyll content decreased sharply, which may be associated with the sharp decline in the Fv/Fm ratio before anthesis. Flowers treated with Promalin®, which showed delayed opening, experienced transient increases of lipid hydroperoxide and jasmonic acid contents at early stages of flower opening, together with reduced vitamin E and malondialdehyde contents just prior to anthesis. We conclude that the extent of photoinhibition, the capacity of photo- and antioxidant protection and the production of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation are finely controlled in a time-dependent manner to allow a correct development of lily flowers.

Morphological and anatomical observation during the formation of bulbils in Lilium lancifolium

Aerial bulbil, other than axillary branch and tendril, is a special propagative organ in Lilium lancifolium, but the development events occurring during bulbil formation of L. lancifolium have not been reported. In this study, we observed the changes of morphology and anatomical structure during the process of bulbil formation in L. lancifolium. The results indicated that bulbils of L. lancifolium formed in the joint region of leaf and stem and were derived from the division and differentiation of axillary meristem cells. Bulbils first generated on a certain leaf axil in the upper portion of stem, and then formed upward along the upper stem. The present study provides histological information for further studying the mechanism of bulbil formation.

The floristic lists as a source to characterize environment conditions of habitats using phytoindication methods: A case study for Iris aphylla (Iridaceae) and Lilium martagon (Liliaceae) in central Russia

The floristic lists as a source to characterize environment conditions of habitats using phytoindication methods: A case study for Iris aphylla (Iridaceae) and Lilium martagon (Liliaceae) in central Russia

Analysis of the Transformation Efficiency and Induced Differentiation of Lilium brownii Scales

Analysis of the Transformation Efficiency and Induced Differentiation of Lilium brownii Scales

Characterization of the chloroplast genome of a rare species in China, Lilium martagon var. pilosiusculum

Lilium martagon var. pilosiusculum is an endangered species with high ornamental value in Xinjiang province (China). In this study, we reported a complete chloroplast genome of L. martagon var. pilosiusculum, which was de novo assembled using the next-generation sequencing data. The complete chloroplast genome is 152,816 in length, including a large single copy region of 82,265 bp and a small single copy region of 17,541 bp and two inverted repeat regions of 26,505 bp. A total of 110 functional genes were encoded, consisting of 76 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes. The overall AT content of the chloroplast genome is 63.00%. In addition, 68 SSRs and 31 large repeat sequences were found. In the maximum likelihood tree, a strong phylogenetic signal showed that L. martagon var. pilosiusculum is a species of lilium.

Teaching Materials for Observation of the Structure of Flowers: An Investigation Utilizing Dried Lily Flowers

Teaching Materials for Observation of the Structure of Flowers: An Investigation Utilizing Dried Lily Flowers

Rare case of symmetrical tricotyledony in combination with an irregular phyllotaxis in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Monocots and dicots are two categories of angiosperm plants. The eponymous characteristic of these groups is the number of cotyledons. Monocots, like the different species of grasses and lilies, have one cotyledon, while dicots have two. Aberrations are rarely found, but three cotyledons were documented for some species like Opuntia ficus-indica, Ceropegia mahabalei and Withania somnifera .

Effects of NAA and BA on Lily (lilium spp.) Propagation by Scaling

Effects of NAA and BA on Lily (lilium spp.) Propagation by Scaling

APPLICATION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND BIOREACTOR TECHNIQUES IN MICROPROPAGATION OF TROPICAL LILY CONCA D’OR (ORIENT X TRUMPET)

The lily is considered one of the highest value cutting flowers as well as is popular to the majority. Bulbs are often imported from the Netherland with an expensive price. Thus, it is difficult to sell commercial lily flowers in the domestic market and international trade. This study focused on mass producing the source of somatic embryos with a high regeneration ability used for the lily micropropagation. Internodes were cultured on MS medium and supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA to induce callus, while embryogenic cells reached the highest value at 98.2% before such embryogenic callus was then multiplied on the same media within 5 weeks. The suitable media for somatic embryos regeneration was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.25 mg/l NAA which after 5 weeks of culture gave us a shoot number of 3.7 shoots/clusters, a shoot height of 87.3 mm, a leaf diameter of 7.7 mm. Multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic cells were then used as materials for micropropagation. Results showed that the highest data for multiple shoot multiplication was reached in the bioreactor culture system with the maximum number of shoot height (100.25 mm), shoot number (7.1 shoot/cluster) and fresh weight of shoots (1470.94 mg/cluster). The suitable medium for rooting was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA.

The Effects of Some Hormone Applications on Lilium martagon L. Germination and Morpholgical Characters

The Effects of Some Hormone Applications on Lilium martagon L. Germination and Morpholgical Characters

Micropropagation and bulblet transplantation of Lilium cernuum

Micropropagation and bulblet transplantation of <i>Lilium cernuum</i>

The water lily sign.

The water lily sign.

FIRST REPORT OF A GRAY MOLD ON LILIUM CERNUUM KOMAR.

Lilium cernuum Komar. a rare Lilium purple species, is a perennial herb, low in height and fragrant, pale purple-red tepals, with deep purple spots toward base (Wang and Tang, 1980). In September 2012, gray mold symptoms were seen for the first time in Benxi City. In August 2013, the disease had spread up to Liaoning Province. Symptoms initially appeared as yellowish brown to reddish-brown water-soaked spots which enlarged and developed into oval, round or large irregular spots, with identifiable borders. For pathogen identification, leaf pieces (3 to 5 mm) including both symptomatic and healthy tissue, were surface-disinfected in 75% ethanol for 5 s, and in 0.1% aqueous mercuric chloride for 1 min,,rinsed with sterilized water three times, and incubated on potato dextrose agar at 25°C for 14 days in darkness. Single spore isolates were obtained from individual conidia. Isolates grown on synthetic nutrient agar in slide cultures, produced hyphae clusters, straight and dark gray with a few branches and separating membranes of 20-25 µm, and colorless conidia, circular or elliptical, nearly obtuse or slightly tipped at the top, 10-15 µm × 5-10 µm in size. Conidiophores germinated in one or two ends or intermediately with more slender germ tubes. Based on morphological characterization the fungus was tentatively identified as B. cinerea (Coley-Smith et al., 1980). For molecular identification, internal transcribed spacer region was amplified by PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 primers and sequenced (GenBank accession No. KU951145), The sequence showed 100% similarity with an undescribed B. cinerea species isolated from deep sea fungi in Xiamen, Fujian, China (KP003819). To fulfill Koch's postulates, eight 1-year-old seedlings were inoculated with conidial suspensions (107 conidia ml-1 ) and incubated under moist conditions for 3 to 4 days at 25°C. All leaf spots developed on inoculated leaves were similar to those observed in the field. B.cinerea was recovered from the lesions and its identity was confirmed by morphological and molecular analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of B.cinerea in Lilium cernuum Komar. in China, causing a disease with economical impact.

Effect of irrigation with nutrient solutions mixed with treated wastewater on Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ grown in a closed soilless culture

A plastic greenhouse study was implemented to evaluate the potential use of treated wastewater for irrigation of Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ grown in zeolite. Plants received the following treatments: a nutrient solution (N) alone, (N) mixed with treated wastewater (W) at rates of 3N:1W, 1N:1W and 1N:3W respectively. A closed system was used in which the drain solution was circulated for several days until its electrical conductivity reached 2.3 dS m-1, after which fresh irrigation solutions were used to start a second cycle of circulation. The results indicated that plants irrigated with (N) or 3N:1W solution had the longest stems (34.4 and 36.2 cm) respectively, peduncles and buds (about 4.5 cm), and the greatest shoot (3.4 and 3.8 cm) and bud mass (14.95 and 17.6 g) respectively. Plants irrigated with 1N:3W solution had the highest dry mass tissue content of K (3.06 g kg -1) and B (35.5 mg kg-1). Plants irrigated with 1N:1W or 1N:3W were inferior to other plants. It can be concluded that 1N:3W mixture may be used for production of high quality cut flowers of lily. Moreover, it is expected to save 3.4 litres m-2 of a nutrient solution and 1850, 347 and 1870 mg m-2 day-1 for N, P, and K respectively.

First report of collar rot caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on calla lily ( Zantedeschia elliottiana )

Collar rot of calla lily cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, India, was recorded during 2011–2013, and the pathogen causing the disease was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The disease occurred on roots, rhizomes and stems of host plants, causing severe rotting and breakage, and was predominant during the rainy season (June-August) each year. . This is the first record of Pseudomonas aeruginosa affecting calla lily worldwide.

Marketing of Flowers in Central Gujarat

The present was undertaken with a view to study pattern and practices of marketing, price spread, constraints faced by rose, lily and marigold flower growers of Central Gujarat. The data were collected from 240 producers of flowers and from selected marketing intermediaries during 2014–15. Three marketing channels identified in the study area which were used for marketing of flowers of (Channel-I: Producer → Wholesaler cum Commission Agent → Retailer → Consumer, Channel-II: Producer → Village level Merchant → Wholesaler cum Commission Agent → Retailer → Consumer and Channel-III: Producer → Retailer → Consumer). The average quantity marketed of rose flower was 99.47 quintals per farm. Out of total marketed flowers, about 79.00 per cent rose flowers were marketed through Channel-I. In the case of lily and marigold flowers, average marketed quantity per farm was 158.58 and 127.84q, respectively. Out of which, 76.95 per cent lily flowers, and 71.53 per cent marigold flowers were marketed through Channel-I. Thus, Channel-I was the most dominant Channel-of marketing for all three flowers under study.

6 Effect of fresh lily and rhubarb powder on chronic stress depression in rats

Objectives To examine the effect of fresh lily and rhubarb powder on chronic stress depression on rats. Methods A chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model of depression was established. Body mass, sugar consumption and open-field behavior were measured to assess the effect of fresh lily and rhubarb powder on rat behavior. Plasma MDA levels and erythrocyte SOD activity were measured using a kit, the fluorescence of brain tissue homogenates was measured to determine the 5-HT, NE and DA content of amine neurotransmitters, and the thymus and spleen were also examined for any changes. Results In the rat chronic stress depression model, rats administered large and small doses of fresh lily and rhubarb powder over 3 weeks significantly increased their body weight (p < 0.05), while rats administered large, medium and small doses of fresh lily and rhubarb powder significantly increased their consumption of sucrose (p < 0.05). There was also a trend towards reduced plasma levels of MDA (p < 0.01) and the 3 min vertical motion score was significantly increased ( p Conclusions Fresh lily and rhubarb powder exhibited a therapeutic effect on rats with depression.