Lightweight Format Research Articles

Flexible Single Microwire X-Ray Detector with Ultrahigh Sensitivity for Portable Radiation Detection System.

Sensitive, flexible, and low false alarm rate X-ray detector is crucial for medical diagnosis, industrial inspection, and scientific research. However, most semiconductors for X-ray detectors are susceptible to interference from ambient light, and their high thickness hinders their application in wearable electronics. Herein, a flexible visible-blind and ultraviolet-blind X-ray detector based on Indium-doped Gallium oxide (Ga2O3:In) single microwire is prepared. Joint experiment-theory characterizations reveal that the Ga2O3:In microwire possess a high crystal quality, large band gap, and satisfactory stability, and reliability. On this basis, an extraordinary sensitivity of 5.9×105µCGyair -1cm-2 and a low detection limit of 67.4nGyairs-1 are achieved based on the prepared Ag/Ga2O3:In/Ag device, which has outstanding operation stability and excellent high temperature stability. Taking advantage of the flexible properties of the single microwire, a portable X-ray detection system is demonstrated that shows the potential to adapt to flexible and lightweight formats. The proposed X-ray detection system enables real-time monitor for X-rays, which can be displayed on the user interface. More importantly, it has excellent resistance to natural light interference, showing a low false alarm rate. This work provides a feasible method for exploring high-performance flexible integrated micro/nano X-ray detection devices.

Designing Educational Media about the Inner Child for Adolescents Using Digital Illustrated Books

Mental health issues are getting more attention since more people open themselves on social media related to psychological problems they experience. The problems they face are likely past traumas that carry over into adulthood. This paper is about designing an illustrated e-book that discusses the inner child or "little child" that exists in every human being. The design method used is The Design Method introduced by Eric Karjoluoto. The design process consists of four stages, namely discovery, planning, creativity, and application. Concept development using the 5W+1H technique. The result of the design is a concise, lightweight format e-book, consisting of 26 pages. The book outlines the Prologue – Characteristics of a wounded Inner child – Transition – How to heal a wounded Inner child – Conclusion – Transition – hook. The arrangement of book content aims to provide knowledge about what the inner child is, and what makes the inner child.

Research on “Six in One” Campus Security System Based on Multi-node Data Feedback

In terms of the current incompatibility of various campus monitoring networks and the difficulty of timely sharing as well as the unified storage and management of heterogeneous data in heterogeneous networks, a security monitoring system for multi-node heterogeneous data is designed in the paper, in which the data communication format, sensor encapsulation protocol, gateway design and implementation, database design and monitoring platform construction are studied, realizing the collection and forwarding of heterogeneous network data. Moreover, the data exchange format uses a lightweight format to facilitate the transmission and storage of data, and the sensor protocol is encapsulated to solve the heterogeneous problem caused by the difference in data conversion formulas and meanings between different sensor networks. Furthermore, simulation experiments have proved that the system can efficiently and reliably collect, store and process heterogeneous data in a heterogeneous network in real time, and the built monitoring platform can centrally display and manage campus monitoring information in real time.

Designing Ultraflexible Perovskite X-Ray Detectors through Interface Engineering.

X‐ray detectors play a pivotal role in development and advancement of humankind, from far‐reaching impact in medicine to furthering the ability to observe distant objects in outer space. While other electronics show the ability to adapt to flexible and lightweight formats, state‐of‐the‐art X‐ray detectors rely on materials requiring bulky and fragile configurations, severely limiting their applications. Lead halide perovskites is one of the most rapidly advancing novel materials with success in the field of semiconductor devices. Here, an ultraflexible, lightweight, and highly conformable passively operated thin film perovskite X‐ray detector with a sensitivity as high as 9.3 ± 0.5 µC Gy−1 cm−2 at 0 V and a remarkably low limit of detection of 0.58 ± 0.05 μGy s−1 is presented. Various electron and hole transporting layers accessing their individual impact on the detector performance are evaluated. Moreover, it is shown that this ultrathin form‐factor allows for fabrication of devices detecting X‐rays equivalently from front and back side.

Rational Energy Band Alignment and Au Nanoparticles in Surface Plasmon Enhanced Si‐Based Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes

AbstractCombining inorganic perovskite quantum dots (IPQDs) devices with Si platform is an interesting topic since it is helpful for realizing the optoelectronic integration as well as the multiple‐functional electronics in a compact and lightweight format. However, the poor energy band alignment between the IPQDs and Si limits the device performance, such as the emitting efficiency. Here, a light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) structure is proposed by inserting a poly‐TPD (poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine]) layer between the n‐type IPQDs and the p‐type Si substrate. The light‐emitting diode based on CsPbI3 quantum dots reaches an output power density of 1.68 mW cm−2 with external quantum efficiency of 0.91%, which is enhanced by 34‐fold compared with the reference device. Similar emission enhancement is also observed in the device based on CsPbBr3 quantum dots but the output power density is only 0.6 mW cm−2. In order to further improve the emission intensity of CsPbBr3 quantum dots devices, Au nanoparticals (Au NPs) are introduced into the hole injection layer, the output power density increases to 1.2 mW cm−2, which is induced by the localized surface plasmon resonance coupling between Au NPs and CsPbBr3 excitons. The results demonstrate that high‐efficiency and stable Si‐based perovskite LEDs can be realized by rational optical and electronic design.

Enhancing the Presence Service Efficiency of Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem-Based Web Services

Over the past decade, voice-over-Internet protocol technologies and multimedia services for mobile devices have become a major trend of mobile networks because of the pervasiveness of handheld devices and the increased availability of advanced cellular networks worldwide. Next-generation network solutions, such as Internet protocol multimedia subsystems (IMS), offer considerable potential for providing various multimedia services. However, current IMS users have been developed separately based on various operating systems or devices. This study adopted a web-based IMS user and deployed a gateway between IMS users and an IMS network. Users can access IMS services by employing any device equipped with a web browser which supports a web real-time communication application programming interface. Since more real-time messaging services have exploited presence services (PSs) to issue user status information, a high number of status messages are generated. Instead of using the extensible markup language (XML) format to exchange presence data in PSs, this study adopted JavaScript object notation (JSON), which has a more compact and lightweight format for reducing the message volume and delay. This study evaluated the system performance based on XML and JSON data formats under realistic conditions. The results show that adopting JSON can effectively reduce the message volume and delay by approximately 40 and 54 %, respectively.

Fabrication of a Micro Lens Array with a High Filling Factor Using a Direct Molding Method

In recent years, micro lens arrays have played a crucial role in optical illumination systems. The function of micro lens arrays (MLAs) is to create a uniform light intensity or shape the light profile. Polymers that are commonly used as MLAs have several advantages, such as cost effectiveness, light weight, and easy formation. In general, the ultra-precision diamond-turning technique and plastic injection molding technique have been combined to fabricate MLAs with polymer materials. However, residual stress and non-balance injection pressure are produced on MLAs during injecting processing. Therefore, this paper presents the fabrication of MLAs using a direct molding method (DMM). The STAVAX with electroless nickel coating and PMMA were used as the mold and polymer preform, respectively. First, a mold of MLA with 100% filling factor was fabricated using the ultra-precision diamond-turning technique. A high filling factor can decrease the non-effective area of the MLA in an optical system. Subsequently, an MLA was formed on the PMMA surface using DMM processing. This paper shows the DMM process parameters, including molding temperature, molding force, and cooling rate. Moreover, the profile of the MLA was measured using a laser confocal microscope. Finally, a high filling factor MLA with a diameter of 11.5 mm, and lenses with a height of 8.5 μm and a radius of 470 μm were formed on PMMA.

Research on the Preparation & Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Composite Materials

Solid polymer electrolyte has the potential application value on secondary battery, electro-chromic device, chemical transistor and other areas, because of its light weight and easy film formation. This article has added Niño silicon oxide into polymer electrolyte to form inorganic polymer composite electrolyte and has taken test on its stability and electrical conductivity; from the test conclusion, the addition of Niño silicon oxide has changed the stability of polymer and destroyed polymer crystallization, which has increased amorphous region that is beneficial for Ionic conduction in the system. The addition of silicon oxide has also changed polymer electrical conductivity which has become higher, comparing with that without silicon oxide. The addition of inorganic particles has reduced system’s crystallinity that is beneficial for the movement of molecular chain segment, which has also improved mobility of ions and electrical conductivity of ions consequently.

Comparison and Evaluation of Lightweight Formats of 3D Models

The 3D models created by the CAD software have different internal formats, which leads to the poor software compatibility. It takes much longer time while loading 3D models containing much more information by CATIA and so on. During the digital collaboration process of the product design, the quickly transmission of the 3D models is the indispensable part. However, the storage space occupied by 3D models of a large document, resulting in a longer transmission time, thereby will reduce the real-time performance of the collaborative process. A good solution in the industry is to use the lightweight format in product collaborative design. Nowadays there are a variety of lightweight formats. This paper focus on the comparisons of three lightweight formats(3D XML、JT、U3D) often used in the industry. Some experiments are given to evaluate the format effectiveness. In the end, the trend of lightweight formats is also predicted.

3차원 CAD 데이터의 제품구조를 포함하는 X3D 기반 데이터로의 변환 기법

There has been a number of attempts to apply 3D CAD data created in the design stage of product life cycle to various applications of the other stages in related industries. But, 3D CAD data requires a large amount of computing resources for data processing, and it is not suitable for post applications such as distributed collaboration, marketing tool, or Interactive Electronic Technical Manual because of the design information security problem and the license cost. Therefore, various lightweight visualization formats and application systems have been suggested to overcome these problems. However, most of these lightweight formats are dependent on the companies or organizations which suggested them and cannot be shared with each other. In addition, product structure information is not represented along with the product geometric information. In this paper, we define a dataset called prod-X3D(Enhanced X3D Dataset for Web-based Visualization of 3D CAD Product Model) based on the international standard graphic format, X3D, which can represent the structure information as well as the geometry information of a product, and propose a translation method from 3D CAD data to an prod-X3D.

Letter to the Editor: SeqXML and OrthoXML: standards for sequence and orthology information

There is a great need for standards in the orthology field. Users must contend with different ortholog data representations from each provider, and the providers themselves must independently gather and parse the input sequence data. These burdensome and redundant procedures make data comparison and integration difficult. We have designed two XML-based formats, SeqXML and OrthoXML, to solve these problems. SeqXML is a lightweight format for sequence records-the input for orthology prediction. It stores the same sequence and metadata as typical FASTA format records, but overcomes common problems such as unstructured metadata in the header and erroneous sequence content. XML provides validation to prevent data integrity problems that are frequent in FASTA files. The range of applications for SeqXML is broad and not limited to ortholog prediction. We provide read/write functions for BioJava, BioPerl, and Biopython. OrthoXML was designed to represent ortholog assignments from any source in a consistent and structured way, yet cater to specific needs such as scoring schemes or meta-information. A unified format is particularly valuable for ortholog consumers that want to integrate data from numerous resources, e.g. for gene annotation projects. Reference proteomes for 61 organisms are already available in SeqXML, and 10 orthology databases have signed on to OrthoXML. Adoption by the entire field would substantially facilitate exchange and quality control of sequence and orthology information.

Annotation of lightweight formats for long-term product representations

Companies operating in today's global economy are increasingly expected to manage the entire lifecycle of their products, and are finding advantage in a distributed, collaborative working style. However, existing three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) systems are not well adapted to this way of working. This paper highlights some limitations in the current applications, and presents a framework for overcoming them based on three strands of current research: lightweight representations, the annotation of CAD models, and representation information as defined by the Open Archival Information System Reference Model (ISO 14721:2003). In the proposed framework, a ‘stand-off’ method is used to layer information, in the form of annotations, on top of both CAD models and lightweight representations alike. These annotations can be circulated independently of the geometry, facilitating more flexible information flow across the whole product lifecycle. The approach is demonstrated with an industrial case study.

Strategies for the Curation of CAD Engineering Models

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) has become increasingly important in the engineering community over the last decade or so, due to the globalisation of markets and the rising popularity of products provided as services. It demands the efficient capture, representation, organisation, retrieval and reuse of product data over its entire life. Simultaneously, there is now a much greater reliance on CAD models for communicating designs to manufacturers, builders, maintenance crews and regulators, and for definitively expressing designs. Creating the engineering record digitally, however, presents problems not only for its long-term maintenance and accessibility - due in part to the rapid obsolescence of the hardware, software and file formats involved - but also for recording the evolution of designs, artefacts and products. We examine the curation and preservation requirements in PLM and suggest ways of alleviating the problems of sustaining CAD engineering models through the use of lightweight formats, layered annotation and the collection of Representation Information as defined in the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. We describe two tools which have been specifically developed to aid in the curation of CAD engineering models in the context of PLM: Lightweight Models with Multilayered Annotation (LiMMA) and a Registry/Repository of Representation Information for Engineering (RRoRIfE).

RSS – MORE THAN JUST NEWS FEEDS

RSS (Really Simple Syndication/RDF Site Summary) is a simple lightweight format that was originally used for news alerts and content syndication. It is now being used in a wide range of applications. This paper describes the background to RSS and describes the various ways in which RSS can be used. Examples are provided of the ways in which RSS can be viewed and the variety of approaches for creating RSS. The paper argues that, although there is still confusion over the different types of RSS standards, the format is an essential for use in digital library services.

A LIGHTWEIGHT CONTROL METHODOLOGY FOR FORMATION CONTROL OF VEHICLE SWARMS

Multi-vehicle swarms offer the potential for increased performance and robustness in several key robotic and autonomous applications. Emergent swarm behavior demonstrated in biological systems shows performance that far outstrips the abilities of the individual members. We demonstrate a lightweight formation control methodology that uses conservative potential functions to ensure group cohesion, and yet has very modest communication and control requirements for the individual nodes. Any arbitrary formation can be formed and held, even while navigating through an unstructured obstacle environment. Simulation studies demonstrate that the formation control is robust, stable, and easily implemented in a distributed fashion.