Lightweight Absorption Research Articles

Interfacical polarization dominant rGO aerogel decorated with molybdenum sulfide towards lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorber

Lightweight reduced graphene oxide aerogel (rGO) has obtained enormous attention as microwave absorber due to anisotropic characteristics in their structure and electromagnetic parameters. However, the controllable preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels with tailored multidimensional structure with broadened effective absorption bandwidth is a thorny difficulty. In this paper, rGO aerogel decorated with molybdenum sulfide (rGO/MoS2) with three-dimensional (3D) layered porous structure were synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method. The unique three-dimensional layered porous structure of graphene aerogel not only effectively avoids the stacking of graphene flake layers, but also provides space for the loading of MoS2 nanosheets. The introduction of MoS2 nanosheets compensates for the imbalance of impedance matching caused by graphene due to the excessive conductivity, and the folded MoS2 nanosheets are uniformly loaded on the graphene lamellae, which is conducive to generate multiple reflections and scattering of electromagnetic waves. Besides, the construction of heterogeneous interfaces strengthens the interfacial polarizability of the composites. As a result, excellent electromagnetic wave attenuation properties were obtained for rGO/MoS2, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 6.56 GHz at 2.1 mm. In addition, the radar cross section (RCS) simulation results further demonstrate the dissipation capability of the composite in practical application scenarios. This paper provides a new idea for the design of lightweight EM wave absorbing materials with broad absorption bandwidth.

Fabrication of core-shell Fe4N@C with sea-island structure by one-step nitriding method as efficient electromagnetic wave composite absorber

Porous structure design and magnetic-dielectric composite are effective ways to develop electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with light-weight, thin-thickness, large effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), and strong reflection loss (RL). This article presents a simple one-step nitridation method for synthesizing Fe4N@C compounds with sea-island like and core-shell structures. The optimal RL value of Fe4N@C is up to -60.01dB, and the EAB (frequency range for RL< -10 dB) is 5GHz (11.1-16.1GHz) with a thickness of 1.9mm. The EAB reaches 5.5GHz (12.5-18GHz) when the matching thickness is 1.7mm. The multi-component design achieved excellent impedance matching properties. The carbon frame connects the core-shell particles to form a three-dimensional porous structure, providing multiple reflection losses. Therefore, this work provides a convenient way to design efficient and lightweight EMW absorbers with special structures.

Energy absorption properties of origami‐based re‐entrant honeycomb sandwich structures with CFRP subjected to low‐velocity impact

AbstractThis paper investigates a honeycomb sandwich structure that draws inspiration from the craft of origami. A specific folding pattern was applied to the honeycomb to create the origami‐based re‐entrant honeycomb (ORH), aimed at improving the energy absorption properties of the sandwich structure. The study on the energy absorption properties of structures under low‐velocity impact (LVI) utilized both experimental and numerical approaches. The energy absorption properties of the sandwich structure were examined by conducting LVI tests with different impact energy and then compared to the mechanical properties of the traditional re‐entrant honeycomb sandwich structures (TRHSS). Additionally, a refined finite element model has been established and its accuracy verified. Numerical studies were conducted to explore the effects of structural parameters on the energy absorption properties of ORH sandwich structure (ORHSS). The results show that the ORHSS exhibited a significant reduction in peak force when subjected to LVI, in contrast to the TRHSS. Furthermore, the ORHSS exhibit significant efficiency in energy absorption. Enhancing the wall thickness or folding angle can significantly improve the energy absorption properties of the ORHSS, thereby boosting the honeycomb's contribution to this process. This optimization results in an improved absorptive effect of the structure. The findings offer new recommendations for developing lightweight absorbent materials with potential applications across various industries.Highlights A novel composite sandwich structure serves as an efficient device for absorbing energy. This sandwich structure exhibits excellent cushioning and energy absorption capabilities. Changing geometric parameters can enhance the impact performance of the structure. A larger folding angle makes the core more prone to deformation. The greater the forward length of the ORH, the lower specific energy absorption (SEA) of the ORHSS.

MOF-derived metal oxides with hollow porous nanocube structure realize ultra-wideband, lightweight, and anticorrosion microwave absorber

High density, skin effect, and environmental instability are significant limitations that restrict the application of metal-based microwave absorbers in achieving lightweight, high performance, and long service life. This study broke from traditional methods for preparing a microwave absorber Mn2O3-Fe3O4@PPy (polypyrrole) by employing an innovative annealing process to convert metal into metal oxide by the introduction of metal organic framework (MOF), which effectively achieving a more lightweight absorber material with hollow porous nanocube structure. Subsequently, PPy was coated onto the metal oxide surface to form a core-shell structure by a situ chemical oxidation synthesis method. The combination of metal oxide of the hollow porous nanocube structure and the core-shell structure formed by highly conductive PPy shell significantly enhanced heterogeneous interfaces and electromagnetic (EM) wave reflection. Excellent dielectric loss and impedance matching contributed evidently to the ultra-wideband EM wave absorption performance. It was demonstrated that, with a filling amount of only 20 wt%, the prepared Mn2O3-Fe3O4@PPy achieved an effective bandwidth (EAB) of 10.0 GHz at a thickness of 3.08 mm, with EABmax reaching 13 GHz. At a filling amount of only 10 wt%, the reflection loss (RL) was −62.13 dB, achieving an EAB of 7.4 GHz at 2.98 mm thickness, with EABmax reaching 11.4 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed strategy incorporating metal oxide and PPy enhanced corrosion resistance with higher charge transfer resistance.

Joule heat induced ultrafine ZrO2/C composites for enhanced microwave absorption

Lightweight absorbers with effective broad absorption and high thermal stability are highly desirable in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. In this work, we introduce a facile carbon thermal shock method to prepare ZrO2/C composites using UIO 66 (Zr) as the precursor. The instant heating and cooling process ensures the uniform deposition of nano-sized ZrO2 (ca. 5–15 nm) on graphene, exhibiting an ultrahigh interfacial number density of ca. 1015 m−2 that favors polarization loss. Due to the synergetic effect of dielectric loss and impedance matching, the prepared ZrO2/graphene composites show tunable wide-microwave absorption performance by adjusting the heat temperature, and possess a wide absorption band covering the entire X and Ku band. Notably, the ZrO2/graphene composites show high thermal stability up to 1000 °C, which presents great potential for microwave absorption applications.

Exploring glass fibers modification conditions and designing lightweight and efficient absorbers based on glass fiber @polypyrrole

Designability of glass fiber (GF) for microwave absorption is frequently neglected in buoyancy matrixes, which overcomes difficulties for their poor polarization loss to realize lightweight and efficient microwave absorption performance. In this study, GF coated with polypyrrole shell (GF@PPy) for multi-layered interface was successfully prepared through surface etching GF and then in-situ growth of PPy. According to the etching process of GF, GF@PPy-t40 (NaOH concentration with 16.67 mol/L, etching time with 40 min) demonstrates the efficient microwave absorption performance. Minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of GF@PPy-t40 (-10.40 dB, 3.0 mm) is 1.5 times that of GF@PPy-w10 (NaOH concentration with 2.78 mol/L) and 1.2 times that of GF@PPy-t60 (etching time with 60 min), which is ascribed to the enhancement of polarized sites caused by surface defects through appropriate etching concentration and time for NaOH. Based on the above etching conditions, we controlled the loading of in-situ polymerized PPy on GF through adjusting the concentration of pyrrole, realizing the impedance matching of 20 wt% GF@PPy in paraffin ring. GF@PPy-c60 (pyrrole concentration as 1.5 g) possesses the best microwave absorption performance, its RLmin is up to −30.40 dB (14.96 GHz, 1.5 mm) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches to 4.8 GHz, which is ascribed to its excellent impedance matching. Especially, the density of GF@PPy-c60 can reach to 1.65 g cm−3, which is far below that of commercial GF (2.4–2.7 g cm−3). This modification lighters GF and effectively enhances microwave absorption performance, providing a basis for the radar stealth of GF in the marine environment.

Lightweight and broadband metamaterial absorber based on ITO impedance film

In this paper, we present a lightweight, broadband metamaterial absorber that exhibits polarization stability and is insensitive to incident angles. The absorber is composed of one layer of indium tin oxide impedance surface, three layers of quartz fiber composite material, and one layer of paper honeycomb on a metal sheet. Our proposed absorber has a 90 % absorptivity bandwidth of 13.19 GHz, ranging from 4.83 GHz to 18.12 GHz at TEM plane wave normal incidence, covering the entire X and Ku band. We illustrate the variation of design parameters and the distribution of electromagnetic field and current to investigate the absorption mechanism. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our design, we fabricate a prototype sample and measure its absorption performance. The results show a bandwidth of 12.38 GHz, ranging from 4.91 GHz to 17.29 GHz, with a low profile of 0.095λL at the lowest operating frequency. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation, effectively verifying our proposed design.

Synergistic enhancing effect for electromagnetic wave absorption via melamine resin-based magnetic core-shell microspheres/multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Rational design of corrosion-resistant electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with wide bandwidth, strong absorption, and low filling ratio remains a significant challenge. In this work, the melamine resin-based magnetic core-shell microspheres (MF@Fe3O4@SiO2) were synthesized via dispersion polymerization and in-situ growth method. Experimental and simulation results indicated that the content and magnetism of the magnetic shell coordinated with the MF-core could be tactfully regulated with a small amount of incorporated Ni content. Moreover, the dispersion and corrosion resistance of MF@Fe3O4 core-shell microspheres were obviously enhanced by coating SiO2. It is worth noting that after the composite of MF@Fe3O4@SiO2 with MWCNTs-20, the presence of numerous heterogeneous interfaces, the tactfully improved conductive loss, and the optimized impedance matching synergistically result in superior EMW absorption properties. When the filling amount was 30 wt%, F9N1-S/MWCNTs-20 with a matching thickness of 1.76 mm, exhibited the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 6.55 GHz, while maintaining a reflection loss (RL) of −62.94 dB at 1.53 mm. When the thickness of F9N1-S/MWCNTs-30 was increased to 3.24 mm, the RLmin at low frequencies was achieved at −67.14 dB. Besides, the simulation of radar cross section values ascertains the enormous potential of F9N1-S/MWCNTs to achieve stealth under radar detection. This study introduces a novel method for producing lightweight and efficient EMW absorbers with corrosion resistance.

On the crashworthiness of novel right-angle fractal gradient hierarchical multi-cell bi-tubular tubes under axial loading

To achieve a thin-walled structure with enhanced crashworthiness, inspired by tree fractals, a new right-angle fractal of gradient hierarchical multi-cellular square bi-tubular tube (RFGHMBT) was proposed. Its energy absorption characteristics under axial impact were systematically studied using numerical simulation methods. The results show that, for both the same wall thickness and the same mass, the high-level hierarchical multicellular bi-tubular tube has a higher energy absorption capacity and crushing force efficiency compared to the low-level hierarchical multicellular bi-tubular tube. This substantially improves crashworthiness performance. Under the condition of the same wall thickness, the specific energy absorption (SEA) and crushing force efficiency (CFE) of the third-order RFGHMBT improved by 270% and 244.13%, respectively, compared to the 0th-order. The energy absorption (EA) and CFE under the same mass condition are 1.96 times and 2.20 times higher than those of the 0th-order RFGHMBT, respectively. Further geometric parameter analysis revealed that structural parameters (inner measured square tube side length 2 l, shape scale factors γ1, γ2, wall thickness t) significantly affect the crashworthiness of the square gradient-layered multicellular bi-tubular tubes. Additionally, a comparative study with other multicellular tubes demonstrated the superiority of the proposed square gradient-layered multicellular bi-tubular tubes. The findings of this study offer an effective design concept for developing lightweight and efficient energy absorbers.

Hierarchical heterostructure Ni2P hollow carbon spheres derived from MOFs for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

In this study, a hierarchical heterogeneous structure of Ni2P hollow carbon spheres (Ni2P-HCS) was synthesized through a two-step process involving carbonization and phosphorization of Ni-metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) precursors. During the construction of the Ni2P/C nanostructure, heterointerface recombination and secondary graphitization were observed, which contribute to the modulation of interface polarization. Structural analysis revealed that the Ni2P/C nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed, forming stable porous structured microspheres, thereby leveraging dielectric and magnetic losses. The combination of Ni2P with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can optimize impedance matching, enhance effective absorption bandwidth, and consequently improve electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The results show that Ni2P-HCS (Ni2P-HCS700) exhibited superior electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption characteristics when the carbonization temperature is 700 ℃. It achieves a maximum reflection loss (RL) of −46.7 dB at a thickness of 2.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.8 GHz at 1.71 mm thickness, almost covering the Ku-band (13.3 GHz−18 GHz). Radar cross-section (RCS) simulations utilizing CST indicated an optimal RCS reduction value of 41 dB m² at theta=0° for Ni2P-HCS700. This work introduces a universal approach to designing high-performance lightweight absorbers derived from MOFs, incorporating transition metal phosphides to form composites for impedance matching control.

Design and characterization of a lightweight and flexible carbon fiber-loaded silicone foam-based broadband metamaterial absorber for microwave applications

This study reports a simple fabrication technique for creating a flexible, organic, and microwave-absorbing material using carbon fiber-loaded silicone foam. The "particle-template" elaboration method, using sugar crystals as sacrificial particles, is conducted. The material's density is adjusted by varying the sugar crystal concentration while ensuring effective dispersion of carbon fibers in the silicone foam matrix. The dielectric characterization of a composite with a density of 0.33 g.cm−3 and loaded with 2 wt.% of 12 mm carbon fibers results in a permittivity ranging from 7 to 1.1 and a dielectric loss ranging from 1.9 to 0.7 across the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. These properties are used in a parametric study to optimize the overall dimensions of a structured absorber to achieve wideband absorption performance. The resulting prototype, with a total thickness of 16 mm, demonstrates promising performance by exhibiting broadband absorption (4–18 GHz), as predicted by simulation.

Controllable synthesis of CeFeO3/Fe+2Fe2+3O4/C composites with improved microwave absorption performances

Magnetic-dielectric component modulation and heterogeneous interface engineering have been acknowledged as a highly potent strategy for the effective development of lightweight and broad-spectrum electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. In this investigation, a series of carbon-based Ce/Fe-MOF derivatives were successfully synthesized via the carbonization process of Ce/Fe-MOF precursors. The EMW absorption characteristics of these derivatives were investigated by manipulating the metal ion ratio and the pyrolysis temperature. Notably, the Ce/Fe-MOF-700 composite, derived from the calcination of Ce/Fe-MOF with a molar ratio of Ce/Fe of 1:2 at 700 °C, demonstrated an impressive minimum reflection loss value of −44.6 dB at 1.38 mm. Furthermore, it exhibited an efficient absorbing bandwidth (EAB) of 6.88 GHz at a thinner coating thickness ranging from 1.38 to 1.8 mm. This remarkable ability of these materials to attenuate EMW can be ascribed to the heightened conductivity dissipation, polarization dissipation, magnetic dissipation, and enhanced impedance matching achieved by these materials. The findings of this study provide a novel point of reference for the design of lightweight and broad-spectrum EMW absorbing materials.

3D multifunctional porous pine carbon aerogels coupled with highly dispersed CoFe nanoparticles for robust electromagnetic wave response

Functional carbonaceous materials with controllable morphology, low apparent density, large surface area, and high porosity starting from natural precursors using environmentally friendly processes are an appealing topic in the electromagnetic wave (EMW) field. In this work, renewable pine woods with ordered pore channels are selected to load highly dispersed CoFe alloy nanoparticles formed by in-situ pyrolysis reaction between Fe3O4 nanospheres and ZIF-67 nanoparticles. The constructed three-dimensional (3D) porous CWA-CoFe-NC aerogel inherits the characteristics of highly dispersed small CoFe alloy nanoparticles, porous carbon aerogel with rectangular honeycomb-like structure, and abundant N heteroatoms. Therefore, CWA-CoFe-NC aerogel achieves an excellent EMW absorption performance with reflection loss (RL) values of −61.6 and −58.2 dB at matching thicknesses of 3.7 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Benefiting from the reasonable design of the composite structure and composition, 3D porous aerogel also enables great potential for multifunctional applications. Particularly, good lightweight and mechanical properties are realized in the CWA-CoFe-NC aerogels due to their ordered pore channels and abundant rectangular pores. Furthermore, good flame retardant performance can ensure the serviceability of the target device in high/low-temperature environments. In addition, CWA-CoFe-NC aerogels show good thermal stability and thermal management characteristics. This work provides a novel and effective method for the preparation of lightweight, high-performance, and multifunctional EMW absorbers.

Joule-Heating-Driven Synthesis of a Honeycomb-Like Porous Carbon Nanofiber/High Entropy Alloy Composite as an Ultralightweight Electromagnetic Wave Absorber.

High entropy alloys (HEA) have garnered significant attention in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption due to their efficient synergism among multiple components and tunable electronic structures. However, their high density and limited chemical stability hinder their progress as lightweight absorbers. Incorporating HEA with carbon offers a promising solution, but synthesizing stable HEA/carbon composite faces challenges due to the propensity for phase separation during conventional heat treatments. Moreover, EMW absorption mechanisms in HEAs may be different from established empirical models due to their high-entropy effect. This underscores the urgent need to synthesize stable and lightweight HEA/carbon absorbers and uncover their intrinsic absorption mechanisms. Herein, we successfully integrated a quinary FeCoNiCuMn HEA into a honeycomb-like porous carbon nanofiber (HCNF) using electrostatic spinning and the Joule-heating method. Leveraging the inherent lattice distortion effects and honeycomb structure, the HCNF/HEA composite demonstrates outstanding EMW absorption properties at an ultralow filler loading of 2 wt %. It achieves a minimum reflection loss of -65.8 dB and boasts a maximum absorption bandwidth of up to 7.68 GHz. This study not only showcases the effectiveness of combining HCNF with HEA, but also underscores the potential of Joule-heating synthesis for developing lightweight HEA-based absorbers.

Divalent metal-ions blowing strategy achieved 3D luffa aerogels heterostructure for lightweight broadband microwave absorber

Explicitly, effective dispersion configuration and hierarchical network construction are two practicable measures to develop the broadband and lightweight absorbers. Based on the newly developed sugar blowing art, 3D Luffa aerogels heterostructure have been successfully developed through metal ion assisted caramel blowing (MCB) strategy. The Luffa foam hierarchical configuration with those dielectric, magnetic, and porous interfaces can be all achieved. Such hierarchical 3D lightweight aerogels are facilitated to building effective impedance matching networks (2.4 wt%) and exhibit an optimized polarization relaxation. Thus, the effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) of the Luffa aerogel can be broadened up to 8.0 GHz. Moreover, the MCB strategy can be applicable to a wide range of divalent metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ et al.). This study provides a new method for efficient synthesis of aerogel network structures and opens a way to realize lightweight and broadband electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials.

Truss structure construction of resource-rich carbon microtube achieved ultralight electromagnetic absorbers

Urgently, renewability and low energy consumption in such a carbon-neutral era is the main scheme for researchers. The renewable and lightweight nature of biomass carbon provides possibilities for the development of lightweight absorbers in aerospace applications. Carbon microtubes were achieved massively from renewing planetree fruit hair with a high aspect ratio of about 400:1. High aspect-ratio carbon microtubes are facilitated to construct three-dimensional (3D) bearing/conductive networks based on the Magpie nesting strategy of truss structure. Carbon aerogel interlocked by carbon microtubes (MTCA) exhibited a good bearing capacity (9987.26 Pa) and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) (ultralow filler loading of 5 wt.%) and shielding performance (57.1 dB). It is confirmed that 3D networks constructed by high aspect-ratio carbon microtubes are facilitated to optimize carbon-based absorbers’ impedance matching. This work explores the important role of high aspect ratio biomass carbon microtubes in regulating the dielectric parameters and provides a feasible strategy of carbon neutral scheme for novel ultralight EWA materials.

Electromagnetic oscillation induced graphene-based aerogel microspheres with dual-chamber achieving high-performance broadband microwave absorption

Graphene-based aerogels have indeed generated significant interest in manufacturing microwave absorbers with ultra-low density and high efficiency. Nevertheless, unitary loss mechanism and impedance mismatch hinder corresponding application. Furthermore, it is essential to address the challenges related to structure control strategy and explanation of the loss mechanism. Dual-chamber graphene-based aerogel microspheres (AMs) with heterogeneous interfaces were fabricated through electrospinning-freeze drying and subsequent calcination. Significant differences are observed in reflecting and scattering of shell and dual-chamber structure against electromagnetic wave (EMW), enabling electromagnetic oscillation, sequential absorption and multi-level coupling of EMW. In addition, the dual-chamber construction is a pivotal role in optimizing impedance matching. In this regard, dual-chamber structure graphene-based AMs with 5 wt% loading were synthesized and exhibited excellent loss ability to EMW in the range of 5–18 GHz, which manifest −28.12 dB at 15.62 GHz, and accordingly, the fE is 6.0 GHz at 2.2 mm thickness, achieving full coverage dissipation of Ku-band. The results demonstrate that the dual-chamber graphene-based AMs achieve the effect of multi-frequency compatible and broadband microwave absorption at low thickness. The integration of the ideation of heterogeneous dual-chamber AMs with electromagnetic-oscillation and sequential loss provides a unique and innovative strategy for modulating lightweight and broadband efficiency absorbers.

Pomegranate plasma heterostructure regulated 1D biomass derived microtube networks for lightweight broadband microwave absorber

The excessive aggregation of magnetic metal particles and the resulting skin effect tend to cause a serious imbalance in impedance matching, which hinders its application in aerospace and military wave absorption fields. Obviously, effective dispersion configuration and network construction are two practical measures to develop broadband lightweight absorbers. Based on the recycling theme, pomegranate plasma heterostructure regulated one-dimensional (1D) biomass derived microtube networks are achieved through the conversion and utilization of waste Platanus ball fibers. The metal–organic framework strategy successfully avoids the hard agglomeration of metal particles. The pomegranate seed-like heterostructure effectively modulated the impedance of carbon microtubes, resulting in coordinated dielectric and magnetic losses. Such composites exhibited an effective absorbing bandwidth of 6.08 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of −29.8 dB. This work provides a new approach for constructing sustainable ultralight electromagnetic wave absorbers using plasmon modification and a 1D built-up network structure.

Heterostructure design of hydrangea-like Co2P/Ni2P@C multilayered hollow microspheres for high-efficiency microwave absorption

Structural design and elemental doping are research hotspots for the preparation of lightweight absorbers with high absorption performance and low filling ratio. Herein, a P-doped hydrangea-like layered composite (Co2P/Ni2P@C) encapsulated with Ni-LDH was successfully synthesized by solvothermal method followed by phosphorization. The defects generated by P doping and the generation of multilayered nonuniform interfaces enhance the dielectric loss induced by polarization. Simultaneously, the magnetic phosphides induce magnetic loss and modulate the dielectric properties of the carbon matrix to enhance the conductive loss. The multilayered hollow structure of this composite promotes the scattering and reflection of electromagnetic waves and optimizes the impedance characteristics. As a result, the multilayered hollow Co2P/Ni2P@C composite exhibits an optimum reflection loss value (RL) of –64.6 dB at 15.1 GHz with a thickness of 2 mm and a filler ratio of only 10 wt%. The radar cross-section (RCS) attenuation further demonstrates that the material can dissipate microwave energy in practical applications. Overall, this work provides an effective development strategy for the design of multilayered high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers doped with strongly polarized elements.

Design and optimization of a TiO2/RGO-supported epoxy multilayer microwave absorber by the modified local best particle swarm optimization algorithm

Abstract Microwave absorbers have many applications in medical, industrial, and military devices. Polymeric composites including carbon-based filler can be used as lightweight absorbers with high electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance. Hence, multilayer microwave absorbers were designed using titanium dioxide (TiO2)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/epoxy nanocomposites with different weight percentages manufactured using refluxing and annealing methods. The characterization of nanocomposite indicated thin layers of TiO2/RGO as divided sheets in epoxy. The EM properties of the nanocomposites were examined using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) detection method. The S-parameters were measured using PNA-N5222A Microwave Network Analyzer. The multilayer absorber software was designed based on the modified local best particle swarm optimization algorithm by MATLAB software, in which the material and thickness of layers were optimized with two cost functions in X-band frequencies. The first cost function seeks to reach the best absorption bandwidth, and the second cost function seeks to reach the maximum average return loss (RL) of the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. A maximum bandwidth with an RL of less than −12.81 dB was obtained with a thickness of 2.4 mm. A maximum average RL of −22.1 dB was obtained with a thickness of 2.6 mm. The maximum absorption peak was observed with a thickness of 2.5 mm with −62.82 dB at a frequency of 10.86 GHz.