Lightning Protection Of Transmission Lines Research Articles

Examination of Gas Active Arc Extinguishing and Lightning Protection for Transmission Lines

The study investigated the gas active arc extinguishing and lightning protection for transmission lines. Lightning is one of the most significant sources of over voltages in overhead transmission lines. The lightning over voltages could lead to failure of the devices connected to the transmission line. Fundamental constraint on the reliability of an electrical power transmission system is the effectiveness of its protective system. The role of the protective system is to safeguard transmission system components from the effects of electrical overstress. Shield wire and surge arresters are an important means of lightning protection in transmission and distribution systems. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influence of over voltages caused due to lighting. The requirements of system security for lightning protection technology reach the high standard that lightning strike tripping and wire breakage are not allowed. Both the power supply side and the demand side have very high requirements for lightning protection of transmission lines, but the lightning accident rate remains high. This situation poses a great threat to the reliability and safety of power network, it is urgent to solve this problem. The gas active interrupter principle is put forward. From two latitudes of lightning overvoltage and power frequency over current, the effective control of lightning accident rate caused by large probability and multiple lightning strike is realized. This paper is aimed at evaluation of protection level of transmission line by using gas active arc extinguishing, shield wire and line surge arresters against lightning overvoltage. When lightning strikes, the internal short gap of the main body and the air gap break down, and the lightning arc enters the arc-extinguishing body through the breakdown channel. Arc is compressed by force to form internal and external gradients temperature in order to produce jet airflow. Jet airflow acts on the subsequent power frequency follow current arc, a model coupling an arc and a compressed jet airflow in a multi-fracture compression airflow arc-extinguishing structure is established and simulated. The increase in voltage due to lightning are investigated by using the MATLAB software. Direct and induced, types of lightning strokes are considered. The model of a 33kV three-phase overhead power transmission line is developed considering the RL circuit. The simulations are performed based on time domain analysis. Also, numerical analysis is made for 133kV tower structure transmitting power over 220km from 132 KV Sub-transmission Lines in port Harcourt region. Based on the simulation study this research study gas active arc extinguishing and lightning protection for transmission lines, are very important in computer application like Electromagnetic Transient Propagation (EMTP) and Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) which are used in future study. These soft wares provide an alternative way to bring the precise result in study of lightning protection level of high voltage transmission line.

Effectiveness of array of lightning triggering towers as regional lightning protection for transmission lines in areas with strong lightning activity

The strong and frequent lightning activity in Guangdong, China, severely affects the safe operation of the power grid. In this study, the lightning database of Guangdong Power Grid in Foshan from 2008 to 2020 was used to compare the CG lightning activity intensity parameters in the areas of four high towers before and after the towers began operation. The lightning frequency within a certain distance from the high towers and the lightning current amplitude around the high towers were higher after the construction of the towers . The clustering method was used to count the number of strong thunderstorms and ground–flash activity processes. The temporal and spatial variations in the aforementioned parameters were also obtained. The high towers increased the number of strong cloud-to-ground activity processes in their adjacent areas, increased the proportion of cloud to ground activity trajectories close to the towers, and changed the direction of lightning corridors. Moreover, the lightning current amplitude of the cloud to ground CG lightning activity was decreased away from the tower. What is more, from the statistical results of operation data, it can be seen that the number of lightning tripping of transmission lines in the area of the towers is significantly reduced.

The Research of real-time identification system of types of lightning failures of UHV transmission lines based on UV detection technique

Egineering running experience shows that with the increase of the operating voltage of the transmission line, the lightning trip rate is increasing. According to theoretical calculation ， UHV transmission lines should be provided with full lightning protection characteristics；however，running experience shows that the lightning withstand level of UHV transmission lines is high，not completely lightning protection; it puts forward higher requirements for lightning protection design of UHV transmission line in China. UHV transmission line is mainly against direct lightning stroke characteristics， one is caused by lightning counterattack trip，the other is the shielding failure of lightning around the line to strike the wound caused by the wire. The lightning fault type identification is based on the micro topography of UHV transmission tower，accumulation of historical data，the development of a more targeted and high voltage transmission line lightning protection scheme is of great significance. In this paper, a real-time identification system based on UV detection technology, which has high accuracy and fast response time, is proposed for lightning fault types of UHV transmission lines, the systems use ultraviolet light to realize online detection of high-voltage transmission line tower nearby lightning, can effective observation tower near lightning discharge, and it has the characteristics of continuous detection, longdistance, no power supply, no contact and no disassembly, it provides an advanced technology for the detection of lightning discharge in UHV transmission line.

输电线路气体主动灭弧防雷关键技术

输电线路气体主动灭弧防雷关键技术

Research on Technology of Lightning Protection for Transmission Lines in Lighting Intensified Area with Complex Topography

The weak lighning protection performance of transmission lines should be improved in complicate climate and complex topography as well as frequent lightning activities in Sichuan Area. In order to improve stability of power system, it is very important to improve the assessment and rebuilding abilitiy of lightning protection for transmission lines. In this paper, we researched the lightning protection of transmission lines by the technology and strategy of differentiated lightning protection. We analyzed the distribution law of lightning flashovers for tower span, landform, lightning protection measures and so on. The analysis results can provide a macroscopic guidance for differentiated lightning protection work.

A Practical Evaluation of Surge Arrester Placement for Transmission Line Lightning Protection

The use of metal-oxide varistor surge arresters (MOVs) in lightning protection of overhead transmission lines to improve reliability is of great interest to electric utilities. However due to economic reasons, it is not possible to completely equip an overhead transmission line with surge arresters at each transmission structure. In this paper, an evaluation of lightning protection design on a 115 kV transmission line using surge arresters, utilizing a model based on field data, is presented. The model developed is used for computer simulation using the Alternative Transients Program. Various design procedures aimed at maximizing the reliability of service on the transmission line using a minimal number of surge arresters are analyzed. Different designs considered for transmission line lightning protection using MOV arresters include: the use of a different number of surge arresters per tower, distance between towers with surge arresters and the dependence of these configurations on tower footing resistance. The lightning protection designs are analyzed using `lightning flashover charts,' proposed in this paper. Also, an analytical model of two 115 kV transmission lines in Southwest U.S. has been developed and different surge arrester location strategies used on these transmission lines have been analyzed. Practical experiences and effectiveness of various lightning protection designs used on these transmission lines are discussed.

Fractal model of lightning channel for simulating lightning strikes to transmission lines

How to accurately evaluate the direct-strike lightning protection is one of the key issues in the design of transmission lines. In this paper, three important issues in applying the fractal simulation to the lightning protection of transmission lines were discussed, including the criteria and implementation of upward leader inception, the connection with the magnitude of lightning current, and the calculation and control of fractal dimensions. Then we conducted the simulation iterately, leading to statistical results, which indicate that even if the transmission line satisfies the perfect shielding condition, shielding failure fault remains possible. Furthermore, we calculated the shielding failure fault rates of an EHV line with different ground obliquities and distribution of strike points over the interval between two neighboring towers along a UHV-DC line to find out the weak point of transmission-line lightning protection. This work provides a promising approach for improving the lightning protection property of transmission lines by optimizing the configuration of shielding wires and phase or pole conductors.

Optimization of Hellenic overhead high-voltage transmission lines lightning protection

It is well known that the lightning protection of transmission lines is exclusively relying on their correct initial design. Although detailed engineering studies are usually performed by electric power utilities for the design of new transmission lines, there are reported cases where the design is based simply on tradition or on utilities’ standardization policy. In this paper, the lightning protection of high-voltage transmission lines is faced as an optimization problem where optimum design parameters are calculated for the lines, relating their cost with the lightning failures’ cost, aiming to reduce or even eliminate lightning failures. The optimization method considers all the available protection means, i.e. ground wires and surge arresters. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied on several operating Hellenic transmission lines of 150 kV carefully selected among others due to their high failure rates during lightning thunderstorms. The obtained optimum parameters, which reduce the failure rates caused by lightning are compared with the operating transmission lines’ existing parameters showing the usefulness of the method, which can prove to be a valuable tool for the studies of electric power system designers.

Evaluation of Characteristics of Lightning Faults on 275kV Transmission Lines

It is effective to design the lightning protection of transmission lines by employing simulation to be able to reproduce conditions of experienced lightning faults. As a result of the lightning faults on 275kV transmission lines in Hokuriku area, the frequency of only one-ground fault of upper or middle lines is higher. Especially, the frequency of one-ground faults of the middle lines in summer is the highest. It is thought that many one-ground faults in summer are caused by direct lightning strokes to phase conductors. Moreover, multi-ground faults caused by lightning strokes to tower tops or overhead ground wires also include many ground faults of the middle lines. In this paper, the experienced lightning faults on the 275kV transmission lines are reproduced by EMTP calculations and the characteristics of the ground-fault lines are examined.

Lightning Protection against Winter Lightning

Winter lightning, which occurs along the Sea of Japan coast, often damages transmission lines and distribution lines with the conventional lightning protection. These lines in mountainous areas suffer extensive damage from winter lightning. It is very important to investigate the features of lightning outages in detail to improve the lightning protection measures against winter lightning, therefore observations of lightning strokes to transmission lines and distribution lines as well as measurements of lightning surges on these lines have been carried out. And then the lightning performance of various protection methods has studied by experiments and analyses. Taking into account these studies, the effective methods have been adopted. This paper presents the lightning protection of transmission lines and distribution lines against winter lightning.

A method for study of transmission line shield wire potential for long front lightning current

An approximate but asymptotically correct method for study of the shield-wire potential response to long-front-time lightning currents is given. The method is purely analytical and is novel in its consistent use of Laplace transforms. Certain qualitative as well as quantitative properties are found for the potentials occurring on the shield wire system, which depend on lighting current waveform and grounding performance. The method enhances understanding of the phenomenon and is a potentially a fast- and easy-to-use tool for the design of transmission line lightning protection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Practical design of counterpoise for transmission-line lightning protection

Practical design of counterpoise for transmission-line lightning protection

Lightning phenomena: II — Instruments for the measurement of lightning surges

A number of special instruments have been developed to secure the information about lightning which utility system engineers must have if they are to devise adequate protection for the system. Such instruments are described in this second part of a series of three articles on lightning, of which part I appeared in the August issue, and part III is scheduled for next month. OF primary importance in the lightning protection of transmission lines is a knowledge of the magnitude, duration, and wave shape of the voltage and current surges appearing on utility systems. The characteristics of the stroke itself determine the resulting surges which occur on the electrical systems. Thus it becomes desirable to have instruments capable of measuring not only the system voltages and currents, but also the properties of the stroke. One difficulty encountered in the development of such instruments is the wide recording range both in magnitude and time that must be covered. Currents vary from a few amperes to 200,000 amperes. Portions of the wave change so rapidly that time intervals of the order of a microsecond need be measured, while at the same time the duration of the complete stroke may be longer than one second or 1,000,000 microseconds.

Lightning protection for transmission lines

Lightning protection for transmission lines