Lighting Technology Research Articles

Lighting System Trainer: Implementation of the Practical using Digital Energy Meter

In the current situation, the lecturer had a problem in which the student still needs to be guided by the lecturer to implement the practical using a digital energy meter; the student always takes more time to implement the lighting technology practical task and still using the traditional ways for teaching and learning in the subject. Therefore, a Lighting System Trainer (LST) has been developed. The LST has been developed with two modules of learning: (1) lighting technologies and (2) lighting control. Various parameters, including current, voltage, real power, and power factor, can be measured. Based on the results, the LST performed well for both modules. Also, from the expert evaluation, all the experts agree that LST is suitable as a teaching aid. In addition, the expert also agreed that the LST can function well for lighting technology practical tasks. In conclusion, this study has successfully designed a Lighting System Trainer (LST) that can fully operate as a teaching assistant to help the teaching and learning process. For trainer development, systematic planning is essential to ensure that all activities carried out run well and in an orderly manner. Through the suggestions and comments given by experts on the LST, this study has made some improvements, and some have been proposed for further studies, e.g., improving the trainer. After all, the improvement process involves complex parts and requires a longer time.

Recent advances and perspectives in photometry in the era of LED lighting

Photometry contributes to our understanding how the world is perceived by the human visual system, where a specific example is an early study of photographic plates. Nowadays photometry has an important role in measurement of lighting, particularly in the transition from incandescent lighting to LED lighting. In the context of sustainability and energy efficiency, updated photometric methods are needed that address the spectral, color, geometrical, and temporal characteristics of LED light sources. Highlights of the recent advances in these measurement methods are reviewed. Furthermore, challenges and achievements are described in the measurement of optical power, particularly related to the definition of the photometric SI base unit, the candela. These achievements are based on progress in the development of underpinning optical measurement standards, with a focus on technologies like the electrical substitution radiometer and the predictable quantum efficient detector. As a conclusion, the importance of ongoing research and development in photometry is emphasized considering its crucial role in supporting the advances of LED lighting technology and sustainable development goals of lighting industry.

Development and validation of Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) simulation capability in the ENIGMA fuel performance code for zirconium-based cladding materials

Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) modelling forms a pivotal element in the licensing of light water reactor technologies. Within this context, the National Nuclear Laboratory has further developed its ENIGMA fuel performance code to accurately simulate fuel behaviour during limiting design-basis accidents. The enhanced ENIGMA code now incorporates models for high-temperature cladding creep, cladding oxidation and hydriding at elevated temperatures, cladding phase change, and cladding failure. A detailed examination of existing LOCA-capable models relevant to industrial-standard fuel performance codes was conducted, which led to the introduction of an industrial state-of-the-art capability within ENIGMA for modelling uranium dioxide fuel in various zirconium alloy cladding materials. The efficacy of the enhanced ENIGMA code was validated using data from the IFA-650.10 LOCA experiment carried out as part of the OECD Halden Reactor Project. ENIGMA’s predictions were compared with both the experimental data and predictions of other fuel performance codes from the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Fuel Modelling in Accident Conditions (FUMAC) coordinated research project. The comparison generally showed good agreement, highlighting the effectiveness of the improved ENIGMA code.

A confined self-assembly approach towards chiral photonic materials with circularly polarized structural colors for information storage and encryption

Chiroptical materials with tunable circular polarization performances have gained wide interest because of promising applications in optical devices and information communication. However, limited by their intrinsic chirality, such materials suffer from serious deficiencies in dynamical manipulation on circularly polarized light (CPL). Here, we demonstrate a kinetic trapping approach to capture multi-domain cholesteric mesophases for polarization-dependent structural coloration. The resultant photonic structures depicted by limited solvent evaporation display light control from selective left-handed circularly polarized light reflection to dual reflection, as a result of forming highly tilted and distorted domains with a phase-retardation effect. Notably, a positive linear correlation is established between the circular polarization behavior and structural orientation regulated by the solvent evaporation. The tunable circular polarization structural colors enable the application of the photonic materials for complex encryption in terms of polychromatic coding arrays. The confined-anisotropic-fabrication method of photonic structures paves a foundation toward advanced functional materials with promising applications in light science and technology.

Single-frequency fiber laser at 1627 nm based on a self-designed Er-doped hybridized glass fiber.

Aiming at applications like expanding usable wave band of optical telecommunication and preparing Sr optical lattice clocks, a 1627 nm single-frequency fiber laser (SFFL) is demonstrated based on a 7-m-long self-designed Er-doped hybridized glass fiber (EDHF) and a linear cavity configuration with a loop mirror filter (LMF). By inserting a 10-m-long unpumped commercial Er-doped fiber as a dynamic Bragg grating into the LMF, a stable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser with an output power of about 10 mW is obtained. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of SFFL is over 50 dB, and the linewidth is about 3.7 kHz. The measured relative intensity noise (RIN) is less than -140 dB/Hz at frequencies of over 0.5 MHz, and a power variation in 1 h is less than ±0.26%. To our best knowledge, it is the first demonstration of a SFFL operating at the U-band. This 1627 nm SFFL can provide advanced light source technology support for many cutting-edge applications.

A Brave New World: Maneuvering the Post-Digital Art Market

The digital revolution has launched myriad new technologies in the field of art and cultural heritage law, including digital art, NFTs (non-fungible tokens), artificial intelligence (AI)-generated art, virtual reality and reality augmentation, online viewing rooms and auctions, holograms, immersive experiences, and more. As a $67.8 billion industry, the art market is a global driver of innovation, international collaboration, and national economies, given its cross-border transactions. However, given the extremely rapid development of these new technologies, regulators have struggled to keep pace and implement legal measures that are fit for purpose in this field. Limited oversight has resulted in several claims that have the potential to change the legal landscape. For instance, claims over the theft/misappropriation of NFTs and the related fraud and money laundering that may ensue, as well as a recent class action copyright infringement suit against the creators of a popular AI algorithm and infringement claims over immersive installation and light technologies, demonstrate how new ways of thinking are required to assess cases involving digital property (distinguished from other types of non-tangible property). Moreover, the US Supreme Court has issued a landmark ruling on fair use within the copyright context, which will be relied upon in the future to determine whether (and to what extent) the appropriation of existing copyrighted material is permitted. This includes both the digital use of physical artworks and the use of born-digital works. Although jurisprudential decisions are made on a case-by-case basis, factual patterns involving online media, digital art, and related technologies could serve as guidance for legislators and other decision-makers when considering what limits should be imposed on Web 3.0. This article will focus on recent US-based claims and regulations and dovetail with existing art market regulations in this jurisdiction (e.g., anti-money-laundering statutes) to determine their impact on new technologies, whether directly or indirectly. Finally, the article highlights ongoing trends and preoccupations to provide an overview of the shifting legal landscape.

YAG:Ce films for laser-driven white lighting: Annealing temperature and atmosphere-controlled luminescence performances

The availability and performance of color converters are crucial for the development of laser-driven white lighting. A challenging and important research topic is the discovery of new and efficient color converters. In this work, a color converter, YAG:Ce films as thin as 12.64 µm on thermally conductive single crystal sapphire, was reported. Spray pyrolysis technique was used to deposit YAG:Ce films. The as-deposited films were smooth, semitransparent, and free of macroscopic defects. The quality of YAG:Ce films, which influenced their luminescence performance under high-power-density laser excitation, was controlled by annealing temperature and atmosphere. The best luminescence performance under high-power laser excitation was exhibited by the films annealed at 1500 °C in CO atmosphere. The YAG:Ce film annealed at 1500 °C in the CO atmosphere remained bright yellow, smooth, semitransparent, and free of macroscopic defects, despite being subjected to 1500 °C for 5 h in the CO atmosphere and being as thin as 12.64 µm. The luminous flux and conversion efficiency of YAG:Ce film annealed at 1500 °C in the CO atmosphere were around 2.6 times higher than those of the film annealed at 1500 °C in the air atmosphere under 10 W·mm−2 laser excitation. The saturation threshold of YAG:Ce film annealed at 1500 °C in the CO atmosphere was 9 W·mm−2. This color converter has great potential for advancing laser-driven white lighting technology.

ОСВІТЛЕННЯ У КВАРТИРАХ ПРИСТОСОВАНИХ ДЛЯ ГАРМОНІЙНОГО СПІВІСНУВАННЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ТА ТВАРИН

Interior lighting in pet-friendly apartments is a multifaceted and important aspect of creating a harmonious living environment for both humans and their companions. Research will include the importance of lighting in pet-friendly interiors, delving into design features, technologies and benefits that promote the well-being of both pets and their owners. Research sheds light on the art and science of pet-focused lighting, from providing comfort and safety to improving overall quality of life. We begin by recognizing the deep connection between people and their pets. Lighting in pet-friendly apartments serves not only practical purposes, but also helps create an environment that nurtures this unique bond. Natural lighting is a cornerstone of pet-friendly interiors. We investigate the benefits of using sufficient natural light, including its positive effects on animal behavior, circadian rhythms and general well-being. Different pets have different lighting needs. Whether it's providing adequate UVB light for reptiles or creating cozy nooks for feline sunbathing, we explore lighting settings for different animal species. Lighting is adapted to specific areas of pet activity, such as feeding, play and rest areas. We discuss how task lighting and LED lights adapt to different tasks and activities related to pets. Lighting is key to keeping pets safe. We examine how the right lighting can prevent accidents, such as tripping over pets in low-light conditions. We investigate the effects of lighting color on both pets and their owners. The psychology of color is studied, it is emphasized how lighting can affect mood and behavior. Intelligent lighting systems are increasingly being integrated into pet-friendly apartments. Consider the convenience of remote control, scheduling, and motion-activated lighting for pets and owners. Lighting is an integral part of the overall well-being and health of pets. We discuss how natural light conditions and well-planned artificial lighting can positively affect the physical and emotional health of animals. It is important to take care of the safety of pets and lighting. We outline measures to protect pets from electrical hazards and prevent damage to lighting fixtures caused by curious animals. The Future of Pet Lighting: We conclude with a look at the future of pet-centric lighting, including innovations in smart pet monitoring systems and advanced lighting technologies that will further enrich the lives of pets and their owners. In summary, this abstract highlights the key role of lighting in pet-friendly apartment interiors. By taking into account the special needs of pets, taking advantage of natural light and implementing smart lighting solutions, we can create living spaces that prioritize the well-being, safety and happiness of both the occupants and their beloved companion animals.

Hydrothermal synthesis of cerium-doped Zn2SiO4 phosphor for futuristic lighting applications

In this study, Zn2SiO4:Ce3+ phosphor with varying weight percentages of cerium (Ce) was synthesized by using the hydrothermal process. The effect of Ce ion incorporation on the nanostructures, morphology, and optical characteristics was investigated by X-ray Powder Diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) using UV–Vis spectra, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Commission Internationale de I'Elaairage (CIE)-1931 RGB color space diagrams and decay lifetime. According to PXRD measurements, Ce3+ ions were incorporated into the host material of Zn2SiO4, considerably altering their crystallinity. Due to strong crystallization, willemite crystal dispersion can be seen in FESEM images as rhombohedral-shaped crystals that successfully form closely packed grains, when the concentration of Ce3+ doping increased from 0 to 4 wt %, there was a noticeable reduction in the optical energy bandgap of the phosphor, which decreased from 5.01 to 3.22 eV. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited enhanced luminescent peak intensity at 591 nm emission, due to transitions of Ce3+ ions excited at 395 nm. Additionally, the luminescence intensity and decay lifetime of the Ce3+ ions in the Zn2SiO4 samples were determined using the tri-exponential fitting technique, and the average lifetime is 24.1 ns. This work provides valuable insight into the effect of doping element Ce3+ with various concentrations on the properties of luminescent Zn2SiO4, paving the way for its potential applications in advanced lighting technologies.

Dual‐Hole‐Transport‐Layer‐Facilitated Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode

The improved luminescence and colour purity of solution‐processable perovskite materials have positioned them as promising candidates for advanced lighting technologies. Herein, a simple method is presented for fabricating dual hole‐transport layers (HTLs) of green perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), for improved charge balance in the emissive layer (EML). With well‐matched energy levels, and lowered charge injection barrier of the transport layers, maximum radiative recombination in the EML can be obtained. The varying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of the HTLs used in the device are in alignment with the work function of the fluorine‐doped tin oxide and HOMO of the EML. The poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate)/N,N′‐bis(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐2,2′‐dimethylbenzidine (PEDOT:PSS/NPD)‐based PeLED device shows outstanding performance with a maximum brightness of 19625 cd m−2, highest current efficiency of 19.2 cd A−1, and turn‐on voltage of 3.8 V among the all HTL combinations. These improvements are attributed to the well‐matched HOMO of NPD and PEDOT:PSS, with both the anode and EML allowing improved hole injection and charge balance. Electroluminescence supports the coordinates (0.22, 0.74) for pure green emission provided by the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage. Perovskite films fabricated on top of PEDOT:PSS/NPD have the best film morphology and crystallinity with the fewest pinholes enabling improved charge transport.

Application of Magic Light Technology for Cancer and Tumor Treating

Reprogramming of cancer cells with Magic Light device and technology and treating of cancers and tumors by this method were investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. The main parameters of the Magic Light system and its importance for effective treating cancers and tumors were investigated and described. The observed treatment effect was caused by high frequency RF irradiation and depends on carrier frequency, frequency of modulation and RF power density. There are possible physical explanations for the influence of RF waves on the cancer cells’ genes condition and on their activity. This effect has already been noted in a pre-clinical trial for the treating of Melanoma in a dog and in a clinical trial for the treating of women with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) grade III with a laboratory version of the experimental device, named “Magic Light”.

The repair mechanism of sublethal Salmonella by intense pulsed light treatment

Recently, intense pulsed light (IPL) technology, as a novel non-thermal sterilization method, has been increasingly applied to the inactivation of microorganisms, such as Salmonella, in food processing industry. Simultaneously, an emerging concern arises from the sublethal injuries of microorganisms caused by these non-thermal sterilization techniques. In this study, IPL (0.98 J/cm2/pulse luminous flux) showed different bactericidal capacity for Salmonella in water, LB broth, and on the surface of chicken, respectively reducing by approximately 5, 2.11 and 1.77 log CFU/mL after one application performed at a 3 cm distance. These differences were attributed to the induction of sublethal injury in Salmonella by IPL treatment, which can subsequently be repaired within nutrient-rich environments, such as foods or broths. To elucidate the repair mechanism, several intracellular oxidative damage enzymes were measured in sublethal Salmonella with IPL treatment, and then the differentially expressed genes of the sublethal cells were examined by RNA-seq. In the results, the levels of TrxR, NOX, and endogenous H2S were significantly increased (27, 2 and 5 fold, respectively); and 264 of 793 identified differentially expressed genes were functionally associated with responding to the IPL stimulus, which were enriched in DNA replication, DNA repair, cell membrane protein, oxidative response, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, and ABC transporters. Therefore, the study identified two key repair mechanisms: repairing membrane proteins and addressing DNA damage. In conclusion, the repair mechanism of Salmonella under IPL stimulus explored in this study provides a new idea for reducing and controlling pathogenic bacteria in the food industry.

Smart Street Lights: Advancements in Street Lighting Technology

Abstract: This system is primarily designed to efficiently manage LED-based street lights using automatic intensity control. It accomplishes this by harnessing solar power through photovoltaic cells. The primary goal is to ensure that street lights shine brightly during peak hours, when traffic is at its busiest, while gradually reducing their intensity during late-night hours to conserve energy. This automation ensures that the street lights automatically turn on at dusk and turn off at dawn. White Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are employed as a replacement for High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps, offering the advantage of intensity control through pulse width modulation. This intensity control feature allows for energy conservation during late-night hours when street traffic is minimal.

County-level artificial light at night (ALAN) in the contiguous US (2012-2019): spatial variations, temporal trends, and environmental justice analyses.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing environmental hazard with economic, ecological, and public health implications. Previous studies suggested a higher burden of light pollution and related adverse effects in disadvantaged communities. It is critical to characterize the geographic distribution and temporal trend of ALAN and identify associated demographic and socioeconomic factors at the population level to lay the foundation for environmental and public health monitoring and policy-making. We used satellite data from the Black Marble suite to characterize ALAN in all counties in contiguous US and reported considerable variations in ALAN spatiotemporal patterns between 2012 and 2019. As expected, ALAN levels were generally higher in metropolitan and coastal areas; however, several rural counties in Texas experienced remarkable increase in ALAN since 2012, while population-level ALAN burden also increased substantially in many metropolitan areas. Importantly, we found that during this period, although the overall ALAN levels in the USA declined modestly, the temporal trend of ALAN varied across areas with different racial/ethnic compositions: counties with a higher percentage of racial/ethnic minority groups, particularly Hispanic populations, exhibited significantly less decline. As a result, the differences in ALAN levels, as measured by the Black Marble product, across racial/ethnic groups became larger between 2012 and 2019. In conclusion, our study documented variations in ALAN spatiotemporal patterns across America and identified multiple population correlates of ALAN patterns that warrant further investigations. Future studies should identify underlying factors (e.g., economic development and decline, urban planning, and transition to newer lighting technologies such as light emitting diodes) that may have contributed to ALAN disparities in the USA.

Channel Performance Analysis of Visible Light Communication Technology in the Internet of Vehicles

The emergence of visible light communication technology has alleviated the pressure of wireless network communication and provided new ways for vehicle networking technology. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the performance changes in visible light communication in vehicle networking communication. This article mainly considers the impact of vehicle speed on the quality of visible light communication technology services during the driving duration. Firstly, the impact of vehicle speed on signal-to-noise ratio changes was analyzed. Secondly, the channel states in different V2I/V2V scenarios were analyzed. Finally, the transformation in signal-to-noise ratio in V2I/V2V scenarios was analyzed through simulation.

Wireless Networks using Visible Light Communication: A Review

Provisioning of quality of service (QoS) is a critical issue in visible light communication (VLC) systems and other wireless communication systems. LED lights are becoming widely used for homes and offices for their luminous efficacy improvement. VLC is a new way of wireless communication. Typical transmitters used for visible-light communication are visible-light LEDs, and receivers are photodiodes and image sensors. We present new applications that will be made possible by visible light communication technology. Especially location-based services are considered suitable for visible light communication applications.

The Theatre of “Glass Puppetry” Enhanced With The Use of The Technology of Lighting

The life of a Wayang Artist is an honorable role to have in the society of the Balinese people. Storytellers using the art of the wayang are highly respected, whose role in the community is to pass on the precious stories about the history, the culture and the spiritual heart of the Balinese people. The Wayang artist, known as the dalang goes on a life journey in sharing their philosophies through stories for the enrichment and soul of society. The process of internalization of the Puppet master from an early age through the world of wayang, forms a cognitive map of the creator who is immersed in the stories and characters of wayang art figures. The wayang artist continues to strive for innovation in form, exploring new techniques and exciting presentations, and with that in mind, the invention of the Glass Wayang enables the creator to explore the new technologies in developing a new way forward in the shadow puppet world. The process of creating Glass Puppets using the technology of lighting as a medium, opens one up to reflect on the mirroring of the self-image- to self-awareness and the inner workings our role in this human life Dramatic depictions of life processes are conveyed through the medium of glass puppets. Experiences and realities of life from the past until now. The search for identity is awakened. Wayang Kaca's work ranges from the making of various styles and forms of puppets supported by one hundred and six dancers accompanied by digital musical instruments (midi) and Bebonangan and Semarandhana gamelan. Digital musical instruments (midi) and gamelan are not only accompaniment but are an important part in providing a traditional and modern feel. The performance venue at Sanggar Paripurna Bona, Gianyar includes a side stage along with the traditional proscenium stage. allowing for a full presentation for displaying this Glass Wayang work. The facilities the sanggar offers allow for all aspects of the creation process in developing, rehearsing, and presenting a final performance.

Chemical Tailoring Assisted non-TADF to TADF Switching in Carbazole-Benzophenone Emitter - An In-silico Investigation.

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become one of the most popular lighting technologies since they offer several advantages over conventional devices. In carbazole-benzophenone (CzBP) OLED devices, the polymeric form of the compound is previously reported to be Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF)-active (ΔEST ≈0.12 eV), while the monomer (CzBP) (ΔEST ≈0.39 eV) does not. The present study examines the effect of chemical tailoring on the optical and photophysical properties of CzBP using DFT and TDDFT methods. The introduction of a single -NO2 group or di-substitution (-NO2 , -COOH or -CN) in the selected LUMO region of the reference CzBP monomer significantly reduces ΔEST ≈0.01 eV, projecting these systems as potential TADF-active emitters. Furthermore, the chemical modification of CzBP-LUMO alters the two-step TADF mechanism (T1 →T2 →S1 ) in CzBP (ES₁ >ET2 >ET₁ ) to the Direct Singlet Harvesting (T1 →S1 ) mechanism (ET2 >ES₁ >ET₁ ), which has recently been identified in the fourth-generation OLED materials.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Based on Multiple Views of Structured Light Projectors and Point Cloud Registration Noise Removal for Fusion.

Structured light technology is typical for capturing 3D point cloud data. This paper proposes a 3D reconstruction system to obtain point cloud data of complex objects based on nine-order Gray code and an eight-step structured light projection combined with a phase shift and phase unwrapping method. In this system, two projectors serve as bilateral projectors for structured light, along with a camera and rotating platforms. These components were used to obtain point cloud data from multiple perspectives, which helps avoid the shadow areas caused by a single projection angle and provides complementary point cloud data. The point clusters scanned under each perspective were transformed into the same coordinate system. Furthermore, a distance-based point cloud noise removal algorithm was proposed to optimize platform noise and facilitate point cloud data fusion. The experimental results proved that the system effectively captures 3D point cloud data for complex objects. The dimensional quantitative analysis of an aero engine blade was also performed.

3D scanning of foreign body causing injuries in children: an innovative approach to injury prevention

Abstract Background Foreign Body (FB) injuries in children are a relevant public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The characterization of objects causing the injuries is an essential step for developing effective prevention strategies. Scanning the objects causing the injuries would help identify characteristics that make the objects dangerous for young children. The study aims to use 3D scanning within a large series of FB injuries collected in the Susy Safe database to develop a system able to identify the risk profile of everyday objects based on information collected through the scanning study. Methods The Susy Safe is the largest international registry collecting data on FB injuries in children under the age of fifteen. It collects almost 35,000 cases. For each case, information about the child, the object, and the circumstances of the injuries are collected. Furthermore, whenever possible (according to the object type and the approach used for FB removal) also the object is collected. Such objects are undergoing 3D scanning with structured light technology, a common non-contact scanning method allowing for 3D digitization of all dimensions and appearances. Results Currently, 383 objects have undergone 3D scanning. Most objects were made of a stiff material (60%). The scanning of the objects is still ongoing. The digitalized information for each object is collected in a REDCap repository together with all information about the FB injury and the picture of the object. Conclusions The final aim of the project is to develop a web-based application able to identify dangerous objects, based on shape and size parameters, according to the data collected through the scanning. Its objective is to make people aware of the risks posed by particular objects, especially parents and guardians of children. Furthermore, through the web-based application, parents will be able to report injuries and share images on FBs. Key messages • 3D scanning would be a promising opportunity to improve primary prevention of foreign body injuries. • Integrating data from 3D scanning and surveillance systems would represent the basis for the development of a web application able to assist families in identifying hazardous objects.