Lightweight Bricks Research Articles

Behaviour of Light Weight Brick with the Influence of EPS Beads and Silica Fume

The principal reason behind this experimental investigation carried out here is to diminish the dead load of structures with the potential use of light weight bricks. EPS beads and silica fume are light in nature. The investigation work enhanced, with numerous literature study to find out the utilization of Expanded polystyrene(EPS) beads and silica fume in light weight brick can be used in military bases in cold regions due to its low thermal insulating quality. The main objective of this research is to prepare a light weight brick by partial substitution of Cement with silica fume and the replacement of fine aggregate with EPS beads. A total of 70 bricks containing two different sizes of EPS beads say Type A and Type B with different proportions (0%, 7%, 14%, 21%) of each Type were casted in order to check the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence, workability, and thermal conductivity of the brick. The compressive strength test was carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. As the percentage of EPS beads in the brick increased the strength of brick decreased while with the increase of EPS beads in the brick the water absorption as well as the thermal conductivity of brick decreased. There were slight presence of Efflorescence in some of the bricks while in most of the brick there were no efflorescence found.

Analysis and Design of RC Structure with Light Weight Bricks Using Etabs

A Building has to be defined is an enclosed structure intended for human occupancy. Constructions work has been seen in most of the countries developing with the increase of material cost in the construction work, there is a need to find more cost which can be affordable to people. In the manufacturing of brunt clay bricks, smoke evolved at a great extent and also toxic gases which can harm an environment. So, as to overcome with all these problems. From previous research observed that light weight bricks of Recycle paper mill residue (RPMR) and rice husk ash (RHA) which composes of Recycle paper mill residue (RPMR) and rice husk ash (RHA) and cement which are more economical and eco-friendly. The use of recycle factory residue and rice husk ash bricks are reduce load of wall on beams and columns makes it a relatively lighter members and reducing the hundreds (or) moments. This project includes analysis and design of multi-stored RC structure (G+3) with light weight bricks by using ETABS, comparison will be done with conventional bricks.

Paper recycling for the making of constructions materials

Madagascar undergoes, like all countries in the world, the effects of climate change. in fact, since the last 5 years, in the coastal regions and the basins, the temperature has raised from 2 to 2.5 ° and varies between 34 to 36 ° in the shadow during the rainy season and on the high hills, the temperature diminishes from 2 to 2.5 ° during the dry period and varies from 4 ° to 8 °. However, the structure of lodging of 60% of the people are not adapted to this temperature change. Particularly, in the coastal regions, the walls of the houses are made of sheet iron. The inside of these houses is very hot when the weather is hot and very cold when it is cold. The inhabitants can’t afford the houses made in bricks or breeze block and the natural sources of aggregates are in the process of exhaustion. In the other part, we have seen that tons of paper are ready to be burned at the administrative services (public treasury, public financing, universities, ...) and the newspaper publishers. So, it becomes a must to find another way to the construction materials, justifying in that case our research axis. This study aims at the developing of construction material based on recycled paper, binder and aggregate. It deals of picking up or gathering all waste of papers and outdates newspapers and transforming them into brick for building constructions. What’s more, papers have prominent thermal insulating properties. Our work is focused on the study of variants on the different manufacturing processes, the choice of binder, the preparation of the specimens with different binders and different dosages, the mechanical compression tests for different binders, the evaluation of thermal conductivity for different binders and the numerical simulation of the thermo mechanical behavior of samples. The result is a lightweight brick with good thermal insulation. Tests have also made it possible to declare that the material has acceptable mechanical properties : the compressive strength is 1.56 [N/mm2], higher than the value prescribed by the standard for lightweight concrete blocks for construction of 1.1 [N/mm2], the value of thermal conductivity is 0.114 [W/mK], ten times less conductive heat than concrete and it can replace glass wool for a double its thickness. The specific weight is 57.5 [kg/m2].The practical results were confirmed by finite element simulations.

Experimental Investigation of Light Weight Brick by Partial Replacement of Clay with Natural Waste Material

Experimental Investigation of Light Weight Brick by Partial Replacement of Clay with Natural Waste Material

BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES ON TRIPLE BLENDED FOAM CONCRETE

In recent days construction industry focuses on other than conventional concrete in infrastructural purposes like building etc., due to excess usage of cement, sand and other aggregates which leads depreciation of natural resources and effects on the environment. By utilization of lightweight bricks and foam concrete which reduces not only its self-weight but also improve resistance against heat and sound insulation and architectural features. The density of foam concrete varies from 300 to 1800kg/m3. Foam concrete composes of cement, water, fly ash and foaming agent without coarse aggregate. The function of foam is to create air bubbles in the cement-based slurry. The density of foam concrete depends on the quantity of foam added. The foam creates several pores with this effect; it has low thermal conductivity. As density of foam concrete is low at same time strength also low when compared to conventional concrete, so an attempt made to improve mechanical properties of foam concrete by adding admixtures like Silica fume and GGBS in different percentages. In these experimental studies, the workability and compressive strengths are mentioned

Thermal Performance and Characterization of a Sawdust-Clay Composite Material

In most research, scientists have been interested in the mechanical impact of sawdust on adobe bricks, mainly compressive strength. This present paper is devoted to the characterization of the thermal transport properties of clay-sawdust materials. To evaluate the thermal impact of sawdust on earthen building envelopes, clayey composites with different sawdust percentage additions were developed. The results show that sawdust positively affects the thermal properties of earthen blocks. Indeed, adding 10% of sawdust decreases the thermal conductivity of composites of 30% and improves the thermal resistance of earthen building envelopes of 31%, while reducing their density. Sawdust can therefore be used in smart lightweight brick manufacturing. The experimental results were used to analyze the thermodynamic behaviors of a residential building using Energy-Plus software. Findings results demonstrate that clay-sawdust composites can reduce the energy consumption of conventional and traditional residential buildings by 21% and 5.3%, respectively.

The performances of the baking-free bricks of non-sintered wrap-shell lightweight aggregates from dredged sediments

The massive accumulation of dredged sediments and the heavy consumption of gravel are urgent environmental problems in human productive activities. To overcome these issues, a new technology of baking-free bricks of non-sintered wrap-shell lightweight aggregates (WSLAs) from dredged sediments was studied. The baking-free technology was adopted in craft to prepare the WSLAs whose macro and micro structures were used for characterization, and then WSLAs were used in replacing crush stone (CSAs) in the process of bricks making. In this paper, the density, water absorption rate, compressive strength, and frost resistance properties of non-sintered wrap-shell lightweight aggregates concrete bricks (WSLABs) from dredged sediments were studied from two aspects: the volume replacement ratio of WSLAs (WA%), and aggregates-to-binder ratio (A/C). Results show that WSLAs, as a lightweight material, was used to press the lightweight brick with a minimum density of 1820 kg/m3. Due to the unique core shell structure of WSLAs and its cylinder pressure strength is much lower than CSAs, when the WA % is up to 50%, the aggregates inside the bricks were crushed and damaged by mutual compression, thus Water absorption rate is up to 4.78%. After 25 freeze-thaw cycles, as the WA% reached 100%, the mass loss rate and strength loss rate of the WSLABS were as low as 1.56% and 6.18% respectively. In the study, WSLAs with porosity and excellent characteristics of Water absorption and drainage can be well combined with cement stone, when the WA % is 100%, WSLABs have relatively excellent strength performance, reaching 35 MPa and meeting the requirement of Chinese National Standards (GB/T 28635-2012). The above research results reveal that the feasibility of pressing WSLABs from dredged sediment by non-sintered process. This technology not only solves the problem of dredged soil disposal, but also protects the over-exploitation of mineral resources, and the technology has a broad application prospect and market value.

Improving the properties of clay soil by using Laterite soil for production of bricks

"Know a day’s utilization of local accessible materials is an important stage for sustainable, economic construction material in the world. Among them Brick is one of the widely used construction material around Jimma town due to the availability of clay soil. It is not un-common to use locally produced brick for building houses and fences. But brick produced by small micros un-skill enterprises rather than by traditional method, its quantity was small and its quality was unsatisfactory, because it can easily break and it has high water absorbing behavior. Most of peoples uses this brick for beauty of outside of villa houses, partition wall only. The main objective of the study was be to improving the properties of clay soil properties by using Laterite soil for in the manufacturing of bricks for masonry units. In order to achieve this researches include, non-probability sampling techniques was be used to collect samples in Jimma area, then collected of samples prepared for different laboratory test and by partially replacing laterite soil by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% on a clay soil in order to get optimum property by different mix ration for different laboratories such as compressive strength, water absorption, atterberg limts, linear shrinkage, density, efflorescent. Test results indicated that shows that the lightweight bricks could be made from this study without any deterioration in the quality of bricks. Further, the compressive strength of the bricks was optimum at 15% lateritic soil replace in clay soil contents. The optimum firing temperature furnace at a duration burning of brick was at 1000°C. It is shown that bricks made of clay-laterite soil can be also used in load bearing wall rather than for beauty."

Improving the Properties of Clay Soil by Using Laterite Soil for Production of Bricks

Abstract Nowadays, the utilization of locally accessible materials is a crucial stage for sustainable, economical building material on the earth’s surface. Within them, brick is one of the commonly used construction materials around Jimma town due to the availability of clayed soil. Nevertheless, brick produced by small micros unskilled enterprises rather than by traditional methods, its quantity was small, and its quality was unsatisfactory because it can easily break, and it has high water-absorbing conduct. The purpose of the investigation was to improve the properties of clayed soil properties by using laterite soil for the manufacturing of bricks for masonry units. In order to achieve this, research used non-probability sampling techniques to collect samples in Jimma area. Then, the collected samples prepared for different laboratory tests and by partially replacing literate soil by 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % on a clayed soil in order to get optimum property by different mix ratio for different laboratory tests results indicated showed that the lightweight bricks could be made from the approach of this study without any deterioration in the quality of bricks. Additionally, the compressive strength of the blocks optimum at 15 % lateritic soil replaces in clayed soil contents. The optimum firing temperature furnace at a duration burning of brick was at 1000 °C for 5hrs. It has shown that bricks prepared of clay-laterite earth capable of high resisting capacity rather than for beauty.

Improving the Properties of Clay Soil by Using Literate Soil for Production of Bricks

Know a day’s utilization of local accessible materials is an important stage for sustainable, economic building material on the earth surface. Within them Brick is one of the commonly used construction material around Jimma town due to the availability of clay soil. But brick produced by small micros un-skill enterprises rather than by traditional method, its quantity was small and its quality was unsatisfactory, because it can easily break and it has high water absorbing conduct. The purpose of investigation was be to improving the properties of clay soil properties by using Literate soil for in the manufacturing of bricks for masonry units. In order to achieve this researches include, non-probability sampling techniques was be used to collect samples in Jimma area, then collected of samples prepared for different laboratory test and by partially replacing literate soil by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% on a clay soil in order to get optimum property by different mix ration for different laboratories. Test results indicated that shows that the lightweight bricks could be made from this study without any deterioration in the quality of bricks. Additionally, the compressive strength of the blocks optimum at 15% lateritic soil replace in clay soil contents. The optimum firing temperature furnace at a duration burning of brick was at 1000°C. It’s shown that bricks prepared of clay-laterite earth capable for high resisting capacity rather than for beauty. Key words: Literate soil, Brick, Clay soil, Compressive strength, Water absorption, sustainable, Density, Construction material.

The Use of Lightweight Brick and Bamboo on Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Panel Subject To Horizontal In-Plane Loading

The lightweight panel is widely use in building infilled wall to reduce the building mass in lieu of brick walls. The present innovation works use bamboo and aerated concrete blocks into precast concrete panel. The average weight of the panel was 1650 kg/m3 compare to ordinary reinforced concrete 2200 kg/m3. Two type of panel dimension were used 40 cm x 80 cm x 3 cm and 60 cm x 120 cm x 4 cm. Bamboo reinforcement act as a structural framework of the panel and aerated concrete block (AAC block) functioning as infilled wall or cladding. Panels were loaded at the in- plane panels at two position, namely at the peak and at the middle panel height. When the load position was at the peak the average failure loads were120 N for small and large panel, the failure occurred at compression at top diagonal frame. when the load position was at mid panel, the average failure loads were140N for small panel and 260N for large panel, the failure occurred as shear cracks on the panel. The failure load of panel without aerated concrete blocks were130N for small panel and 215N for large panel.

Sawdust recycling in the production of lightweight bricks: How the amount of additive and the firing temperature influence the physical properties of the bricks

This paper studies the influence of sawdust on the petrophysical properties of solid bricks. Brick samples without additives were handmade using a clayey earth that is rich in quartz and phyllosilicates and has some carbonate content. Similar bricks were made with added sawdust at 2.5%, 5% and 10% weight. The bricks were fired in an electric kiln at 800 °C, 950 °C and 1100 °C. The addition of sawdust did not change the mineralogy of the fired bricks. As the firing temperature increased, the quartz content fell and carbonates and phyllosilicates disappeared causing new silicates (gehlenite, wollastonite, anorthite and diopside) to develop. There was an increase in the vitrification of bricks, which also became more compact. At high firing temperature, the bricks had a higher water absorption capacity and worse interconnection between the pores. The high level of vitrification reached at 1100 °C enabled greater transmission of heat inside the bricks. The most refractory bricks were those fired at 800 °C with a 10% sawdust content. When subjected to the salt crystallization test, the most resistant bricks were those with the lowest sawdust content and the highest firing temperature.

Affect of Waste Tyre Rubber Recycle Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Rubber

Rubber tires are produced excessively worldwide every year. It is not easy to remove rubber waste from environment because it causes environmental pollution and its decomposing takes long -time. The reuse of rubber is better than disposal. The waste rubber can be reuse as a coarse aggregate in concrete. This rubber concrete has elastic properties and strong gravity they can also be used has light weight bricks because rubber is in light weight hence it can be replaced coarse aggregate in percentages the weight of concrete reduced. The rubber replaced concrete can be study by conducting experiments on rubber replaced concrete cubes the experimental testes want to conduct on concrete are compressing test, split tensile test and flexible test. The number of unused tires from different types of vehicles increasing rapidly his one of the main environmental problems today. About 1 billion garbage tires thrown away every year, and it is estimated that about 1.2 billion will pass each year. In this study mechanical properties of rubber we came to know that the rubber aggregate using in concrete have an equal strength of ordinary concrete by adding rubber aggregates the weight of the concrete decreases and it can also use as low weight bricks.

ANALISIS PERAN PELATIHAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PERUSAHAAN BATA RINGAN JAYABRIX LAMONGAN

Today the industry is growing and developing rapidly in various places. The purpose of establishing these industries is inseparable from the objectives to be achieved by the company. These objectives include to obtain large profits with minimal production costs. The "Jayabrix Indonesia" Lightweight BrickCompany in Paciran Lamongan is one of the national private companies engaged in the production of several Lightweight Brick.For this company to achieve the above goals and maintain consumer confidence is not an easy thing. The existence of very tight market competition will force the company to be able to implement a good strategy in an effort to achieve the above goals. From observations, interviews, and joint observations with employees of the Lightweight Brick company "Jayabix" in Lamongan, the authors found a problem where the main cause of low employee performance is because they are less capable and less able and less skilled at work so the way they work is less effective and not efficient which ultimately affects the productivity of the company. This is what the writer will try to improve employee work performance so that the productivity of the company goes well, one of them is by using research methods. After carrying out data analysis, it can be seen that the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.708 and the determination coefficient is 50,3%, meaning that training has an important role in employee performance, then after the hypothesis testing is known, t count itung t table is 9,214 > 2,358. shows a strong role between training and employee performance.

Comparative study of the use of different biomass from olive grove in the manufacture of sustainable ceramic lightweight bricks

In the present study, residue from olive groves has been used for the manufacture of clay ceramic bricks as a new environmentally-friendly solution. For this purpose, waste products of olive cultivation, such as olive prunings, leaves and wood, were ground to obtain a particle size of 0–2 mm; 7.5%, 15% and 25% of olive waste was added to the clay, clay bodies were moulded in pastes with the incorporation of 7.5, 15 and 25% by volume of waste; and finally, the green bodies were fired at 850 °C. The influence of the type and ratio of waste on the physical and mechanical properties of waste clay bricks was studied and compared with clay bricks without waste following standard procedures. Ceramic samples were characterized using a series of technological tests, such as linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, suction, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The best results were obtained from the samples containing 7.5% olive waste showing that these organic pore-forming wastes have the potential for producing lighter bricks that could be marketed as low density clay masonry units with adequate mechanical properties and higher thermal insulating capacity.

Study of the suitability of unfired clay bricks with polymeric HDPE & PET wastes additives as a construction material

Under the framework of the Moroccan circular economy 2030 strategy, this study investigates the use of solid polymeric wastes as an alternative additive material in the construction sector. Polymeric waste additives improve both the bulk density and thermal conductivity of clay bricks; unfortunately, this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. This paper presents an innovative way to improve the performance of unfired clay bricks with polymeric, HDPE and PET, additives to meet the Moroccan testing standards in the building sector, without using expensive organophilic and stabilizing treatments. X-ray Diffraction and Fluorescence analysis show that the used extracted clay is of an Illite type with non-swelling characteristics. Three different additive grain-sizes (δ ≤ 1 mm; 1 mm<δ ≤ 3 mm and 3 mm<δ ≤ 6 mm) with different percentages (0%, 1%, 3%, 7%, 15% and 20%), by weight, are investigated. The microscopic snapshots and experimental measurements reflect a low porosity level when using the smallest polymeric grain additive size (δ ≤ 1 mm), which results in improving the brick sample's performance. In fact, bulk density measurements show that the prepared specimens can be classified as lightweight bricks, as their density does not exceed the 1.75 g/cm3 mark. Besides, capillary water absorption coefficient and compressive strength properties are also improved by almost 17% and 28%, respectively, when using the smallest polymeric-grain additives of size (δ ≤ 1 mm) if compared to the largest ones of size (3 mm<δ ≤ 6 mm).

Response of High Rise Building with Conventional Brick and Light Weight Brick with Seismic Loads

In India population is increasing year by year and most of the land is highly productive and yielding three crops per a year , in that situation land acquisition has become quite expensive and housing cost goes on increasing, to solve this problem need to go for construction of High rise buildings. Now-a-days High rise buildings are a worldwide architectural phenomenon. To reduce the load on foundation we need to use lightweight materials. This project aims to carrying out seismic response of the high rise building with conventional brick and light weight brick. In this project a high rise office building of G+14 with plan dimensions of 19.2 m x 20.4 m and height 47.6m is considered for the analysis purpose using ETABS. Today, high rise buildings are a worldwide architectural phenomenon. The time require for calculating the load combination on them crave lot of time. The study includes understanding the main consideration factor that leads the structure to perform badly during earthquake in order to achieve their approx. behaviour under future earthquake. The main motive of this project is to scrutiny of a G+14 structure using ETABS. For greater height buildings, seismic load plays a vital role in both structural and safety considerations. The performance of the building is analysed for conventional bricks and light weight bricks. The comparison of obtained results for conventional and light weight bricks is done. The dynamic properties of this greater structures using with and without light weight bricks are investigated when subjected to lateral loading. loadings. It is observed that in case of lightweight bricks time period has increased, base shear is reduced and storey drift increases more at the base and less at the top.

Lightweight clay bricks manufactured by using locally available wine industry waste

Lightweight bricks with reduced thermal conductivity and acceptable physical-mechanical properties have become an important trend for green buildings to reduce the building weight and the energy consumption. In this work lightweight bricks were manufactured from wine wastes (stalks, grape seeds, and wine less) by controlling the nature and concentration of those additives. The wine wastes WWs, completely characterized before their use in the matrix, were furnished by a cooperative wine-growers associations located in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy). Physico-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks manufactured with different percentages of WWs are reported and discussed. The results showed that the density of fired bricks was reduced up to 13%, depending on the percentage of WWs incorporated into the raw materials. Similarly, the flexural strength of tested bricks decreased according to the percentage of WWs included in the mixture. The best results, in terms of mechanical and physical properties, were obtained with 5 % wt. of wine less (WL). The results showed as the lightness of these samples is associated to the porosity increase that directly influences the increase of the thermal insulation making the bricks useable for partitioning walls application.

Prediction of the Density &amp;amp; Thermal Conductivity of Light Bricks on the Effect of Aluminium Elements Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Indonesia with abundant limestone raw materials, lightweight brick is the most important component in building construction, so it needs a light brick product that qualifies in thermal, mechanical and acoustic properties. In this paper raised the lightweight brick domains that qualify on the properties of thermal conductivity as building wall components.The advantage of low light density brick (500-650 kg/m3), more economical, suitable for high rise building can reduce the weight of 30-40% in compared to conventional brick (clay brick). To obtain AAC type lightweight brick product that qualifies for low thermal and density properties to the effect of Aluminum (Al) additive element variation using artificial neural network (ANN). The composition of the main elements of lightweight brick O (29-45 % wt), Si (25-35% wt) and Ca (20-40 % wt). Mixing ratio of the main element of light brick (Ca, O and Si) with Aluminum additive element (Al), is done by simulation method of artificial neural network (ANN), Al additive element as a porosity regulator is formed. The simulation of thermal conductivity to the influence of main element variation: Ca (22-32 % wt), Si (12-33 % wt). Simulation of thermal conductivity to effect of additive Al variation (1-7 % wt). Simulation of thermal conductivity to density variation (500-1200 kg/m3). The simulated results of four AAC brick samples showed the thermal conductivity (0.145-0.192 W/m.K) to the influence of qualified Aluminum additives (2.10-6.75 % wt). Additive Al the higher the lower density value (higher porosity) additive Al smaller than 2.10 % wt does not meet the requirements in the simulation.Thermal conductivity of AAC light brick sample (0.184 W/m.K) the influence of the main elements that qualify Ca (20.32-30.35 % wt) and Si (26.57 % wt). Simulation of artificial neural network (ANN) of light brick shows that maximum allowable Si content of 26.57 % wt, Ca content is in the range 20.32-30.35 % wt, and the minimum content of aluminum in brick is light at 2.10 % wt. ANN tests performed to predict the thermal conductivity of light brick samples obtained results of the average AAC light brick thermal conductivity of 0.151 W/m.K. The best performance with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) characteristics has a validation MSE of 0.002252.

Utilization of Waste Paper Sludge to Produce Eco-Friendly Light Weight Bricks

Utilization of Waste Paper Sludge to Produce Eco-Friendly Light Weight Bricks