Light Output Research Articles

Solution Synthesis and Light-Emitting Applications of One-Dimensional Lead-Free Cerium(III) Metal Halides.

Combining rare earth elements with the halide perovskite structure offers valuable insights into designing nonlead (Pb) luminescent materials. However, most of these compositions tend to form zero-dimensional (0D) networks of metal-halide polyhedra, with higher-dimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) structures receiving relatively less exploration. Herein, we present synthesis and optical properties of Cs3CeCl6·3H2O, characterized by its unique 1D crystal structure. The conduction band minimum of Cs3CeCl6·3H2O becomes less localized as a result of the increased structural dimension, making it possible for the materials to achieve an efficient electrical injection. For both Cs3CeCl6·3H2O single crystals and nanocrystals, we also observed remarkable luminescence with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and exceptional phase stability. Cs3CeCl6·3H2O single crystals demonstrate an X-ray scintillation light yield of 31900 photons/MeV, higher than that of commercial LuAG:Ce (22000 photons/MeV); electrically driven light-emitting diodes fabricated with Cs3CeCl6·3H2O nanocrystals yield the characteristic emission of Ce3+, indicating their potential use in next-generation violet-light-emitting devices.

Microstructures and properties of Pr,Ce:Gd2O2S ceramics fabricated from powders synthesized at different initial water bath temperatures

Crystallized precursor with stacked layered was synthesized in hot water bath using oxide powders and concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials. Gd2O2S powders with high phase purity were obtained by reducing the precursor under flowing hydrogen atmosphere. The influence of initial bath temperature of Gd2O3 and H2SO4 on the microstructure of Gd2O2S powders was investigated. The Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce powders showed a stacked layered structure and as the initial water bath temperature increases, the particle size of the flaky powders also increases. Using the synthesized powders, Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce scintillation ceramics were fabricated through pre-sintering in vacuum followed by HIP post-treatment in argon atmosphere. The Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce ceramics fabricated from the powders synthesized at lower initial water bath temperature show a rapid densification rate during pre-sintering. The Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce ceramic sample fabricated from powders synthesized at 7°C showed the highest optical transmittance, XEL intensity, and light yield value of 25,800 ph/MeV @ 662 keV γ rays. The PL decay time of Pr3+3P0→3H4 transition was measured to be ∼2.87 μs for all ceramic samples. The effect of the initial water bath temperature on optical transmittance and light yield of Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce ceramics was also discussed.

Effect of fertilizers and meliorants on the value of soil acidity of sod-podzolic light loamy soil, yield and chemical composition of the green mass of spring rapeseed (according to laboratory and vegetation experience)

Under controlled conditions of laboratory vegetation experience based on very strongly acidic sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, a comparative study of the fertilizing value and reclamation properties of complex mineral fertilizers (azofoska andAPAVIVA) and meliorants of a carbonate nature was carried out: conversion chalk (CC), gravel screening (GS), dolomite (DM) and dolomitized (DIM) limestone flour, as well as silicate nature–blast furnace slag (BFS) and hydroxide nature–Mg(OH)2.Culture–spring rape of theLexus variety.It was shown that the reclamation effect obtained as a result of the use ofBFSand meliorants of a carbonate nature differed little from each other and after 45 days of plant cultivation were insignificant.Magnesium hydroxide did not have a reclamation effect.The yield data of the vegetative mass of rapeseed after harvesting are given.It is shown that the chemical composition of meliorants had a significant effect on the formation of the elemental composition of plants.

Optical and scintillation properties of 2D-(BA)2PbBr4 needle-shaped crystals

In this study, we examine the impact of optical and scintillation properties on needle-shaped bis(butylammonium) lead bromide [(BA)2PbBr4] crystals (average length of 12.7 mm and average width of 1.3 mm), considering different growth methods and dimensions. Needle-shaped crystals with a length-to-width aspect ratio greater than 10 are essential for cutting-edge radiation imaging technology. Through X-ray diffraction characterization, we observe lattice expansion in the needle-shaped crystals compared to previous single crystals. This expansion leads to a stronger overlap between absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, resulting in a smaller Stokes shift of 26 meV. Time-resolved PL analysis reveals a fast decay component of 0.8 ns, which is 68 % faster than the previously reported best value of 2.0 ns, with an average decay time of 3.6 ns, 48 % faster than the best reported value of 7.0 ns. Although our measured sample exhibits a comparatively low light yield (LY) of 7.8 ph/keV due to strong self-absorption, the best energy resolution is observed with a value of 11.5 %, similar to the best reported value of 10.9 %. Despite this, the LY is notably superior to that of previously reported benzylammonium lead bromide [(BZA)2PbBr4] crystals (3.7 ph/keV). Additionally, scintillation decay shows a fast component of 9.4 ns and an average decay time of 119 ns. These characteristics make two-dimensional-(BA)2PbBr4 needle-shaped crystals promising candidates for cost-effective and scalable applications in radiation imaging technology.

Ultrafast Scintillator Based on Zirconium‐Doped Cesium Zinc Chloride Single Crystals and Their Charge Carrier Dynamics

AbstractScintillators have been widely used for high‐energy radiation imaging. It is in great demand and challenge to develop scintillator materials with fast decay time, high scintillation light yield, and low detection limit for high‐resolution imaging applications such as time‐of‐flight positron emission tomography. However, it is still a challenge to develop the ultrafast carrier dynamics to achieve 100% ultrafast decay time with high scintillation light yield. To meet the demand, a series of component‐tunable Cs2ZnCl4: x%Zr single crystals as promising ultrafast scintillators is successfully developed. With 8% of Zr‐dopant (Cs2ZnCl4: 8%Zr), the single crystal exhibits high light yield (28000 photons MeV−1) and low detection limit (51 nGy s−1) under X‐ray excitation. Photo‐induced transient absorption signals on sub‐nanosecond and nanosecond scales ensure almost 100% fast decay time (≈3 ns) in nanoseconds under γ‐ray excitation. In particular, the different radiative transition processes are achieved under ultraviolet and high‐energy radiation due to the tunable carrier dynamics from the shallow trapped state to the self‐trapped exciton (STE) state.

Hazelnut proteins detection in cookies using an immersible label-free photonic chip sensor

Rapid and sensitive methods to detect allergenic proteins in foods at the point-of-need could help to protect allergic consumers from life-threatening accidental exposure. In this context, the development of a label-free optical immunosensor for detecting hazelnut proteins in cookies is presented. The sensor is based on silicon photonic chips containing two integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) with light input and output on one side of the chip, and sensing window openings on the other side. Coupling with a white-light LED and a spectrometer for signal recording is achieved via a bifurcated fiber. The sensing window of one of the MZIs is modified with a mouse monoclonal antibody against hazelnut proteins, while the other sensing window is modified with bovine serum albumin to serve as blank. The assay follows a two-step sandwich immunoassay format, involving a 10-min reaction with the hazelnut proteins calibrator or cookie sample, followed by a 2-min reaction with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies. All reactions were performed by immersing the chip side where the MZIs windows are located into the solutions. The recorded spectrum is processed in real-time to transform the spectrum shifts due to immunoreactions taking place on the sensing windows of the two MZIs into phase shifts. The developed assay detects hazelnut proteins at concentrations as low as 25 ng/mL in calibrators prepared in buffer or in aqueous extract of hazelnut-free cookies. Additionally, cookies containing hazelnuts were analyzed demonstrating the sensor ability for fast and sensitive detection of the hazelnut proteins in commercial products.

In vivo optogenetics using a Utah Optrode Array with enhanced light output and spatial selectivity

Objective.Optogenetics allows the manipulation of neural circuitsin vivowith high spatial and temporal precision. However, combining this precision with control over a significant portion of the brain is technologically challenging (especially in larger animal models).Approach.Here, we have developed, optimised, and testedin vivo, the Utah Optrode Array (UOA), an electrically addressable array of optical needles and interstitial sites illuminated by 181μLEDs and used to optogenetically stimulate the brain. The device is specifically designed for non-human primate studies.Main results.Thinning the combinedμLED and needle backplane of the device from 300μm to 230μm improved the efficiency of light delivery to tissue by 80%, allowing lowerμLED drive currents, which improved power management and thermal performance. The spatial selectivity of each site was also improved by integrating an optical interposer to reduce stray light emission. These improvements were achieved using an innovative fabrication method to create an anodically bonded glass/silicon substrate with through-silicon vias etched, forming an optical interposer. Optical modelling was used to demonstrate that the tip structure of the device had a major influence on the illumination pattern. The thermal performance was evaluated through a combination of modelling and experiment, in order to ensure that cortical tissue temperatures did not rise by more than 1 °C. The device was testedin vivoin the visual cortex of macaque expressing ChR2-tdTomato in cortical neurons.Significance.It was shown that the UOA produced the strongest optogenetic response in the region surrounding the needle tips, and that the extent of the optogenetic response matched the predicted illumination profile based on optical modelling-demonstrating the improved spatial selectivity resulting from the optical interposer approach. Furthermore, different needle illumination sites generated different patterns of low-frequency potential activity.

Optimal Planting Time for Summer Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Cropping in Korea: Growth, Yield, and Photosynthetic Efficiency in a Semi-Closed Greenhouse.

In Korea, greenhouses are traditionally used for crop cultivation in the winter. However, due to diverse consumer demands, climate change, and advancements in agricultural technology, more farms are aiming for year-round production. Nonetheless, summer cropping poses challenges such as high temperatures, humidity from the monsoon season, and low light conditions, which make it difficult to grow crops. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best planting time for summer tomato cultivation in a Korean semi-closed greenhouse that can be both air-conditioned and heated. The experiment was conducted in the Advanced Digital Greenhouse, built by the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The tomato seedlings were planted in April, May, and June 2022. Growth parameters such as stem diameter, flowering position, stem growth rate, and leaf shape index were measured, and harvesting was carried out once or twice weekly per treatment from 65 days to 265 days after planting. The light use efficiency and yield per unit area at each planting time was measured. Tomatoes planted in April showed a maximum of 42.9% higher light use efficiency for fruit production and a maximum of 33.3% higher yield. Furthermore, the growth form of the crops was closest to the reproductive growth type. Therefore, among April, May, and June, April is considered the most suitable planting time for summer cultivation, which is expected to contribute to reducing labor costs due to decreased workload and increasing farm income through increased yields. Future research should explore optimizing greenhouse microclimates and developing crop varieties tailored for summer cultivation to further enhance productivity and sustainability in year-round agricultural practices.

Characterization of EJ-270 and Ce-doped LiCAF scintillators for the development of high-rate neutron reflectometer detectors

The Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is anticipated to provide a neutron source with ∼20 times increase in peak brightness than the First Target Station. The neutron reflectometers currently in operation at the First Target Station need to be upgraded due to the increased neutron flux. A prototype neutron detector module based upon a pixelated scintillator array readout by silicon photomultipliers is being developed to address the high-rate challenge faced with future neutron reflectometer instruments at the Second Target Station. Two types of scintillator materials were considered for this detector development, i.e., 6Li-loaded EJ-270 plastic scintillator and Ce-doped LiCAF single crystal. This paper reports the scintillator characterization results, including light yield, pulse shape discrimination performance, capability to detect thermal neutrons in a high γ-ray field, and γ-ray sensitivity. The number of photons produced per neutron capture by EJ-270 and LiCAF:Ce was measured to be 2176 ± 91 and 2651 ± 108, respectively. EJ-270 demonstrated a good capability to discriminate between neutrons and γ-rays by employing the commonly used charge comparison method (figure-of-merit: 1.13 ± 0.01 for an energy cut of 292–426 keVee) and a reasonable performance when using the time-over-threshold techniques; however, no discrimination was observed from LiCAF:Ce regardless of the pulse shape discrimination approaches utilized, making pulse height discrimination necessary for LiCAF:Ce to differentiate between neutrons and γ-rays. Both EJ-270 and LiCAF:Ce exhibited an acceptable capacity to detect thermal neutrons at high exposure rates up to approximately 584 mR/h. The γ-ray sensitivities measured with a60Co source at an exposure rate of around 1145 mR/h were determined to be (6.11 ± 0.87) × 10−6 and (7.64 ± 1.08) × 10−7 for EJ-270 and LiCAF:Ce, respectively.

Low-Carbon Distributed Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy System Considering Wind and Solar Uncertainty

To ensure the supply and demand balance of integrated energy systems (IES) in the electric-carbon market and solve the complicated interest relationship among participants in the system, a distributed optimal scheduling model based on the extended carbon emission flow theory of integrated energy systems was proposed. Firstly, hydrogen energy production and utilization devices are introduced into the energy supply side to establish an expanded carbon emission flow model of the hydrogen-energy coupling integrated energy system based on carbon emission flow theory. Then, the fuzzy membership function is used to characterize the uncertainty of wind and light output. The distributed optimization algorithm based on goal cascade analysis realizes the decoupling of the integrated energy service provider and the user. This achieves the independent solution of the integrated energy service provider. A numerical example is given to verify that the proposed strategy can realize the stable and optimal operation of the integrated energy system in an uncertain environment.

Lead-free Ce-doped perovskite scintillators with high figure of merit

Lead halide perovskite scintillators have recently received extensive research attention owing to their short fluorescence lifetimes, low detection limits, and ease of fabrication compared to traditional scintillators. The nontoxic cerium-doped lead-free perovskites with intrinsically efficient and short lifetime d–f transitions are a prospective replacement for the toxic Pb2+. Here, we demonstrated Ce-doped cesium lanthanide chloride perovskites (Cs3LnCl6, Ln = Gd, Y, Lu) synthesized through a facile solution method for the first time. These perovskites exhibit blue-violet emission, which arises from Ce 5d → 4f transitions. Among three types of Cs3LnCl6 perovskites, Ce:Cs3LuCl6 exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 82% and a short excited-state lifetime of approximately 34 ns. When utilized as X-ray scintillators, Ce:Cs3LuCl6 crystals display a high light yield of 8120 photons per MeV and a low detection limit of 36.8 nGy air s−1. Importantly, the figure of merit (FoM), representing the ratio of light yield to decay time, reaches 239, which is the highest reported value for lead-free perovskite scintillators up to now. Additionally, the fabrication of perovskite/PMMA films was undertaken for practical demonstrations in X-ray imaging, resulting in the attainment of a resolution of up to 8.38 lp/mm. We anticipate that this work will inspire the utilization of Ce-doped Cs3LnCl6 perovskites in ultrafast scintillation applications such as high-energy physics, nuclear reaction monitoring, and dynamic X-ray imaging.

Neutron spectroscopy of plutonium using a handheld detection system

The ability to distinguish multiple forms of plutonium from one another, such as oxide and metal, is paramount in areas of nuclear nonproliferation and international safeguards. In its metal form, plutonium can be readily used in a nuclear weapon, while oxide forms are associated with nuclear reactor fuel. Oxide-based plutonium forms emit neutrons with an energy spectrum that is significantly different from the fission neutrons that are emitted from plutonium metal. Organic scintillation detectors output pulses that are proportional to the neutron energy deposited, and therefore present a means of distinguishing these plutonium forms based on their energy spectra. In this work, metal and oxide forms of plutonium were measured using a handheld detection system based on an organic glass scintillator. Monte Carlo modeling of these experiments was performed to provide insight into the origin of the features in the observed light output spectra. Through analysis of multiple regions of these spectra, in a matter of minutes we were able to unambiguously discriminate oxide and metal plutonium forms from one another and from a plutonium-beryllium neutron source, which was considered for comparison because these sources are commonly used in industrial applications. The ability to discriminate weapons-usable material from nuclear reactor fuel has applications in nuclear treaty verification and safeguards.

Zero-Dimensional Copper(I) Halide Microcrystals as Highly Efficient Scintillators for Flexible X-ray Imaging.

Commercially available rare-earth-doped inorganic oxide materials have been widely applied as X-ray scintillators, but the fragile characteristics, high detection limit, and harsh preparation condition seriously restrict their wide applications. Furthermore, it remains a huge challenge to realize X-ray flexible imaging technology for real-time monitoring of the curving interface of complex devices. To address these issues, we herein report two isostructural cuprous halides of zero-dimensional (0D) [AEPipz]CuX3·X·H2O (AEPipz = N-aminoethylpiperazine, X = Br and I) with controllable size to nanosize crystal as highly efficient scintillators toward flexible X-ray imaging. These cuprous halides exhibit highly efficient cyan photoluminescence and radioluminescence emissions with the highest quantum yield of 92.1% and light yield of 62,400 photons MeV-1, respectively, surpassing most of the commercially available inorganic scintillators. Meanwhile, the ultralow detection limit of 95.7 nGyair s-1 was far below the X-ray dose required for diagnosis (5.5 μGyair s-1). More significantly, the flexible film is facilely assembled with excellent foldability and high crack resistance, which further acts as a scintillation screen achieving a high spatial resolution of 17.4 lp mm-1 in X-ray imaging, demonstrating the potential application in wearable radiation radiography. The combined advantages of high light yield, low detection limit, and excellent flexibility promote these 0D cuprous halides as the most promising X-ray scintillators.

Studies on suppressed surface recombination of InGaN-based red light-emitting diodes with V-pits

InGaN-based red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising candidate to achieve high efficiency, which is highly desired by the display market. Understanding their size-dependent properties is crucial for further performance improvement. In this work, different sized InGaN red LEDs (from 500 × 500 to 15 × 15 µm2) based on V-pits were characterized systematically. The current–voltage characteristics show that the leakage current density, revealed either in forward or reverse bias, is independent of the chip size. Further light output power measurements and current dependent electroluminescence also reveal very weak dependence of the power density on chip size showing insensitivity the chip perimeter. The suppressed surface recombination effect may be due to effective carrier trapping effect by the V-pits, which prevents the carriers from flowing to the sidewalls. By detailed analysis of the spatially resolved electroluminescence, an anti-correlation between the emission wavelengths and the intensities was observed, with the longer wavelength emitting regions exhibit weaker intensity, which can be explained by the reduced carrier density in the V-pit-rich regions as carriers are partially captured by quantum wells associated with the V-pits and the associated dislocations. This study will pave the way for further understanding and improving the efficiency of InGaN red LEDs including micro-LEDs.

Chemiluminescence method for evaluating photooxidative degradation of dispensed drugs: a potential new drug information tool

BackgroundDispensed drugs stored by patients are often in single-dose packages (SDPs) or are crushed and mixed after being removed from a press-through package (PTP) sheet. Information on their stability is extremely limited. To address this, we explored using chemiluminescence (CL) measurements to detect oxidative degradation.MethodsEight amlodipine, 14 telmisartan, and two warfarin preparations were used as specimens. These preparations were stored at room temperature under various conditions, after which CL was measured. Cellopoly packaging paper was used for SDP. Three light conditions were used (Condition A: darkness, Condition B: indoor diffused light (approximately 400 lx), and Condition C: exposure to 4,000 lx). CL cumulative light output was measured every minute under nitrogen gas conduction and with a sample chamber temperature of 150 °C, for a maximum of 10 min. Luminescence images were obtained simultaneously with the CL measurements.ResultsCL was observed on light-exposed tablet surfaces. For each preparation, an increase in the CL value was observed with the duration of light exposure. In the same preparation with the same exposure time, CL tended to be higher in the order of Condition A < B < C. Moreover, CL increased even when no changes in color were observed by the naked eye. A comparison between preparations with the same main ingredients showed differences in the rate of increase in CL with exposure, and each was found to show a different reactivity to light.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to visually capture the surface oxidation of tablets exposed to light using the CL method. The CL values, thought to be derived from photooxidation, increased with exposure of tablets and powders to light after SDP. This method can sensitively assess drug degradation due to photooxidation. Further research is needed to establish a CL method for assessing the stability of preparations in clinical settings.

Nanomechanically-induced nonequilibrium quantum phase transition to a self-organized density wave of a Bose-Einstein condensate

We report on a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition (NQPT) in a hybrid quantum many-body system consisting of a vibrational mode of a damped nanomembrane interacting optomechanically with a cavity, whose output light couples to two internal states of an ultracold Bose gas held in an external quasi-one-dimensional box potential. For small effective membrane-atom couplings, the system is in a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) steady state, with no membrane displacement. Depending on the transition frequency between the two internal atomic states, either one or both internal states are occupied. By increasing the atom-membrane couplings, the system transitions to a symmetry-broken self-organized BEC phase, which is characterized by a considerably displaced membrane steady-state and density-wave-like BEC profiles. This NQPT can be both discontinuous and continuous for a certain interval of transition frequencies and is purely discontinuous outside of it. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Development of plastic scintillator with better performance than the commercial counterpart (UPS-923A) and effect of fluorophore composition on light output

In this study we have synthesized polystyrene based plastic scintillators (PS) loaded with commercially available fluorophores like p-Terphenyl and 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl) benzene (POPOP). Optimum concentration of the fluorophores in the synthesized PS was determined. The PS exhibited 1.55 ± 0.05 times better light output than UPS-923A, a commercial PS. Emission maxima were obtained at 423 nm with an energy linearity of 99.78% up to 1.061 MeV. Radiation damage of PS by Co-60 irradiation led to 22.3% loss of light yield at 50 kGy radiation dose which is better than the commercial one. The loss of light output in the PS due to radiation damage was because of the degradation of polystyrene matrix rather than the fluorophores.

Tunable Intracavity Coherent Up-Conversion with Giant Nonlinearity in a Polar Fluidic Medium.

The study has demonstrated a novel microcavity-based flexible photon up-conversion system using second harmonic generation (SHG) from a polar nematic fluidic medium doped with a laser dye. The idea is based on coherent light generation via stimulated emission (lasing) and simultaneous frequency doubling inside a microcavity. The polar nematic fluid equips very high even-order optical nonlinearity due to its polar symmetry and large dipole moment along the molecular long axis. At the same time, its inherent fluidic nature allows to easily functionalize the media just by doping, in the present case, with an emissive laser dye. The demonstrated system exhibits a giant nonlinear optical response to input light, while enabling spectral narrowing and multiple-signal output of up-converted light, which is not attainable through the simple SH-conversion of input light. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the liquid crystal offers dynamic modulation capabilities by an external stimulus, such as signal switching by the application of electric field or wavelength tuning through temperature variation. Such a brand-new type of simple coherent flexible up-conversion system must be promising as a new principle for easily accessible and down-scalable wavelength conversion devices.

Off‐Stoichiometry Synthesis of 0D Metal Halide Polycrystals for High‐Performance X‐Ray Imaging

Abstract0D organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) with intriguing luminescence encoded in their diverse crystal structure open wide opportunities for next‐generation optoelectronics. Yet, this structural diversity makes their precise synthesis challenging. Here, a facile yet efficient off‐stoichiometry antisolvent precipitation protocol is devised to synthesize pure Bmpip2PbBr4 (Bmpip = 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpiperidinium) polycrystals. Optical investigations reveal that the key to suppressing the by‐product, Bmpip9[Pb3Br11][PbBr4]2, generally occurring in a typical stoichiometric synthesis is to create a Br‐rich environment to promote the [PbBr4]2− formation while suppressing the formation of [Pb3Br11]5−. Moreover, this off‐sociometric protocol can be extended to the precise synthesis of Bzmim3SbCl6 (Bzmim = 1‐benzyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) polycrystals through the meticulous control of [SbCl6]3− formation in the solution. The resulting Bzmim3SbCl6 polycrystals show a nominal light yield of 24600 photons MeV−1, which is 6.8 times higher than that of its by‐product, namely Bzmim2SbCl5, and outperforms that of commercial LuAG:Ce. As a result, the scintillators made of Bzmim3SbCl6@PMMA achieve a decent spatial resolution of 8.3 lp mm−1. This work highlights the importance of regulating the metal polyhalide intermediates in precisely synthesizing 0D OIMHs.

Unveiling the effect of Ce3+ doping concentration in YAG:Ce single crystals towards high luminance laser lighting

Doping concentration of a phosphor is key parameter, affecting multiple properties such as light absorption, quantum yield, luminescence decay, thermal conductivity, and thermal quenching, etc. These properties could directly influence the luminous efficacy, the saturation threshold, and the emitting area of the phosphor when irradiated by laser, thus determining the peak luminance of a phosphor-converted laser lighting device. But surprisingly no systematic investigation has been done to research the effect of phosphor doping concentration on the luminance performance of laser lighting. Here we report the YAG:Ce single crystal phosphors with different Ce3+-doping concentrations (between 0.05 at% and 0.30 at%) and thicknesses (0.15 mm–0.45 mm). The relationship between Ce3+ concentration, phosphor thickness, and the colorimetric/photometric parameters (luminous efficacy, luminous flux, luminance) are built and elucidated. It is found that the thinner sample with higher doping density tends to be saturated at lower laser power density (314.1 W/mm2) and the device shows lower luminance. This result is also verified by thermal simulation that the corresponding sample shows highest working temperature. Remarkably, the optimal sample with thickness of 0.45 mm and Ce3+ density of 0.30 at% presents a record high luminous exitance of 33414 lm/mm2 and a record high luminance of 10636 Mcd/m2, indicating potential for use in special lighting, projector, and optical communication fields.