Lighting Management System Research Articles

Design and Implementation of Digital Image Processing using STM32F407ZG Microcontroller for Traffic Light Management System

Traffic jam is one of the big problems happened ina big city, such as Jakarta and Bandung. Sometimes the trafficjam is caused by the inappropriate traffic light time control. Thispaper describes the prototype implementation of traffic lightcontrol system by analyzing the image condition of the streetcaptured by camera. The digital signal processing algorithm andthe time of the traffic light are controlled by a STM32F407ZGMicrocontroller. The size of Random Access Memory (RAM) islimited, so an additional external RAM is used in this research.The system input is 120 x 160 pixels of road image which alreadystored in the SD Card. A digital signal processing is used todetermine which road has more traffic, and then the system willadjust the time of the traffic light based on the calculation.

The Evaluation of Teaching Quality Based on Fuzzy Method

For the problems that the street running state and information was difficult to feedback and reasonable control, we apply the topology model to the street lighting management system, and complete the optimization control in this paper. Using the fuzzy control theory to handle the road signals, the intelligent lighting region controller integrates the thyristor chopper with the autotransformer technology, carries out the soft start and slow slope control to the street light, and realizes automatic voltage and energy saving. At finally, the system can realize the energy-saving control and intelligent, networked management of city street lamp.

Physical Environment Assessment Tools for the Performance of Recreational Farm

The goal of this study is to achieve sustainability environment. According to our previous study in the nine Indicators of Taiwanese Green Building, and the Canada GBTools evaluation, combined with Taiwan’s leisure farms, we simulate evaluation factors of sustainability for the practical environments in Taiwan’s leisure farms. We then classify the evaluation factors according to its tendencies and create an expertise questionnaire using these tendencies. Through the results of the expertise questionnaires, we understood how much the experts valued ecology, energy, resource, society, and economy. We then further analyze the cause of the varying degree of attention paid to each category according to its attributes . SPSS statistic software is used as the analytic tool. Through factor analysis and the deletion of factor loading, this study attained four kinds and nine evaluations as well as 29 evaluations points: "perfect environment", "resources management ", "energy efficiency management". In addition, "complete plans and evaluations", "environment workload", "environment plans", the conclusion is that the most valued points for the business are: "environment plans", "environment workload", "perfect environment". However, the most valued points for the government are: "perfect environment", "resources management ", water resources and green materials. As for scholars, the most valued points are: "perfect environment", "environment workload", "using local renewable materials" as well as "environment plans". Analysis of Variance, the conclusion is that the most valued points for the government and scholars are: "natural sounding usage", "legality of base selection", "effectiveness in pollution process", "light efficiency control management systems", "simplified interior design". Finally, LSD analysis attained five evaluation points: "natural sounding usage", "legality of base selection", "effectiveness in pollution process", "light efficiency control management systems", "simplified interior design". The result of this study shows that implementations would be much easier if the necessary equipments and space were put into consideration during the planning stage of recreational farms. Lastly, this study suggests leisure farms choose their operating method carefully. The operating method should meet the nature of leisure agriculture; it should also consider utilizing the sustainable development assessment indicators and relevant decorations in the future. If a correct operating method is chosen, it will facilitate an environmentally friendly leisure farm. Keyword: Recreational Farm, Sustainability, Factor analysis.

지그비 통신망을 이용한 보안등 관제 시스템에 관한 연구

Abstract: This paper relates to the study about the street security light management system. The purpose of the wireless remote management system is to manage street security lights efficiently. The system is composed of three components like light controller, CDMA gateway and web based remote management server. The zig-bee solution is adopted to make local wireless network between street security lights. The CDMA network is used for the wireless communication between street security light controller and the remote control center. The gateway to interconnect zigbee network and CDMA was designed with low power 32 bits Cortex M3 mi-cro-controller. For the data communication between the management server and the gateway, SMS and socket based TCP streaming is used. The management server sends SMS to the gateway to deliver light control and management requests, and the gateway replies with the light controllers report via TCP streaming. By using both SMS and TCP streaming communication, it was verified that simple cost effective management is possible for street security lights. We tried real test for 95 street security lights in real environment during two months and ana-lyzed the practical possibility for mass supply.

A dynamic traffic light management system based on wireless sensor networks for the reduction of the red-light running phenomenon

Abstract The real-time knowledge of information concerning traffic light junctions represents a valid solution to congestion problems with the main aim to reduce, as much as possible, accidents. The Red Light Running (RLR) is a behavioural phenomenon that occurs when the driver must to choose to cross (or not) the road when the traffic light changes from green to yellow. Most of the time the drivers cross even during transitions from yellow to red and, as a consequence, the possibility of accidents increases. This often occurs because the drivers wait too much in the traffic light queue as a consequence of the fact that the traffic light is not well balanced. In this paper we propose a technique that, based on information gathered through a wireless sensor network, dynamically processes green times in a traffic light of an isolated intersection. The main aim is to optimise the waiting time in the queue and, as a consequence, reduce the RLR phenomenon occurrence.

다중 프로토콜 기반의 효율적인 하이브리드 조명관리 시스템 구현

In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid lighting management system implementation on multiple protocol. The proposed hybrid lighting management system was implemented by configured as the data display part for management and control of lighting device and the data conversion-processing part the communication part of gateway. The data were designed the DB to enable to storage in real-time, and implemented able to manage by real time wireless remote control and schedule setting. The proposed an efficient hybrid lighting management system, it was possible the real-time monitoring and remote lighting control by peristalsis with smart devices and portable PC etc., and it could be obtained reduction effect of energy and electricity, communication cost.

An Energy-Saving Control System to Street Lamp Based on Sensor Networks

For the problems that the street running state and information was difficult to feedback and reasonable control, we apply the topology model to the street lighting management system, and complete the optimization control in this paper. Using the fuzzy control theory to handle the road signals, the intelligent lighting region controller integrates the thyristor chopper with the autotransformer technology, carries out the soft start and slow slope control to the street light, and realizes automatic voltage and energy saving. At finally, the system can realize the energy-saving control and intelligent, networked management of city street lamp.

사용자 요구조도 만족 스마트 조명 관리시스템

In this paper, we proposed a smart lighting management system controls the lighting efficiently to reduce energy consumption while satisfying user’s lighting requirements. The proposed system considers the available daylight intensity and indoor light source to satisfy the lighting requirements of each user according to the work environment. In addition, for user convenience, we have developed different user interfaces for lighting control including local interface, and remote interface through internet or Bluetooth for personal computer as well as smart phones. The proposed system satisfies the lighting requirements of each user according to the corresponding work environment. The proposed smart lighting management system utilizes the lighting energy efficiently, and can be considered a significant contribution towards future green buildings.

A Study on the Physical Environment Assessment Tool for the Performance of Leisure Agricultural

The goal of this study is to achieve sustainability environment. According to our previous study in the nine Indicators of Taiwanese Green Building, and the Canada GBTools evaluation, combined with Taiwan’s leisure farms, we simulate evaluation factors of sustainability for the practical environments in Taiwan’s leisure farms. We then classify the evaluation factors according to its tendencies and create an expertise questionnaire using these tendencies. Through the results of the expertise questionnaires, we understood how much the experts valued ecology, energy, resource, society, and economy. We then further analyze the cause of the varying degree of attention paid to each category according to its attributes . SPSS statistic software is used as the analytic tool. Through factor analysis and the deletion of factor loading, this study attained four kinds and nine evaluations as well as 29 evaluations points: "perfect environment", "resources management ", "energy efficiency management". In addition, "complete plans and evaluations", "environment workload", "environment plans", the conclusion is that the most valued points for the business are: "environment plans", "environment workload", "perfect environment". However, the most valued points for the government are: "perfect environment", "resources management ", water resources and green materials. As for scholars, the most valued points are: "perfect environment", "environment workload", "using local renewable materials" as well as "environment plans". Analysis of Variance, the conclusion is that the most valued points for the government and scholars are: "natural sounding usage", "legality of base selection", "effectiveness in pollution process", "light efficiency control management systems", "simplified interior design". Finally, LSD analysis attained five evaluation points: "natural sounding usage", "legality of base selection", "effectiveness in pollution process", "light efficiency control management systems", "simplified interior design". The result of this study shows that implementations would be much easier if the necessary equipments and space were put into consideration during the planning stage of recreational farms. Lastly, this study suggests leisure farms choose their operating method carefully. The operating method should meet the nature of leisure agriculture; it should also consider utilizing the sustainable development assessment indicators and relevant decorations in the future. If a correct operating method is chosen, it will facilitate an environmentally friendly leisure farm.

Design and Implementation of Lighting Management System Based on Wireless City

China mobile is using 3G and WiFi to construct a everywhere wireless network ,named wireless city.The lighting management system make every city lighting unit to access a unified management platform via the wireless network, so that realize the acquisition of working state, the setting of work mode and the automatic report of fault for every lighting unit. This paper mainly introduces the lighting management node and the unified management platform. The lighting management node is responsible for adaptive wireless network access, information collection and control of the lighting unit. The unified management platform is responsible for establishing the feature database of every light unit, the man-machine operation interface and the illumination energy conservation algorithm of the whole city. In addition, this paper also discussed the cost,and efficiency, the advantages and disadvantages of the lighting management system. Finally, through the experiment estimate for an intermediate city, This system can yield high rates of energy usage, with pay back in 10 years.

RF 네트워크 기반 보안등 양방향 제어 시스템에 관한 연구

In this paper, Completely beyond the existing conventional Guard Light management system, introduced the 447Mhz band wireless sensor network Guard Light to manage efficiently the shape of the new system is proposed. In addition, about wireless sensor network technology, control server technology, application layer protocol technology etc which is core technology for the proposed system configuration, it was verified by the design and experiment. Especially studying wireless Guard Light System(about 1,700 node configuration) commercially installed in the Daegu area as a results of the study, I would like to prove the effectiveness of the study.

Photochemical stability of electrochromic polymers and devices

The stability of fully printed flexible organic electrochromics based on 11 different conjugated polymers is explored from the fundamental chemical degradation level to the operational device level. The photochemical stability of the electrochromic polymers (ECPs) is studied enabling an analysis of the influence that the chemical constitution of the conjugated polymer backbone has on the photochemical stability. Based on changes in the UV-visible absorption and IR spectra, the polymers were categorized into two distinct groups, each with a separate degradation mechanism. During irradiation (1000 W m−2, AM 1.5G) under ambient conditions the majority of the polymers degraded within 4–5 hours. Three polymers showed increased stability with degradation rates from 0.44 to 1.58% per hour measured as loss of absorption. Application of oxygen and UV barrier foils was found to drastically slow the photochemical decomposition of the polymer films, such that after 2200 hours of continuous irradiation the less stable polymer films were degraded 27% on average, while the degradation of the most stable polymer films was immeasurable thus indicating that such materials can be sufficiently stable for device operations for many years under indoor conditions and for a few years under outside conditions. Finally, functioning electrochromic devices (ECDs) were made and the effect of illumination on the response time and optical contrast was established. This report shows that encapsulated electrochromic devices based on flexible barrier substrates exhibit increased stability and are indeed viable in devices such as shading elements, light management systems, displays with low switching speed requirements and signage.

Design and Implementation of Wind-Solar Hybrid Street Light Management System Based on ZigBee

In order to realize remote measure, remote communication and remote control function in wind-solar hybrid street light operation management system, a kind of management system based on ZigBee technology is introduced by this paper. This design is used JN513x series ZigBee wireless communication micro controller to build hardware platform, and is used Modbus protocol to manage all light controllers. The data exchange between each wireless module and the gathering terminal is completed by ZigBee wireless network. The data exchange between each gathering terminal and monitoring center is completed by GPRS/CDMA network. This design has applied to Hunan new energy road lighting project with stability and excellent performance.

Efficient LED light distribution cavities using low loss, angle-selective interference transflectors

Recent advances in solid state light source efficiency and luminance present the technical challenge of distributing light from very small point sources to large areas, with area distribution ratios having orders of magnitude greater than previously addressed. Broad adoption of LEDs in lighting and liquid crystal displays is in part contingent on addressing this fundamental light distribution issue. Here we present new materials based on giant birefringent nanotechnology which address these deficiencies allowing us to guide light in air via a novel light distribution system. Resulting from controlled in-plane and out-of-plane x,y,z refractive indices of adjacent layers, these multilayer interference films possess both angle selective and polarization selective reflectance. The angle selectivity can be tuned in both azimuth and polar angle, relieving a key constraint of prior materials. Our work has been done on a physically large scale enabling demonstration of large light management systems of industrial and practical relevance.

효율적인 온라인/오프라인 가로등시설 관리를 위한 데이터베이스 시스템에 관한 연구

본 논문은 조명시설 관리에 따른 유형을 파악하고 이에 맞는 관리 모델을 제안하며, 각 관리 모델에 적합한 온라인/오프라인 조명시설 관리 시스템의 개발에 관하여 연구한 내용이다. 또한 연구 결과물의 효용성을 높이기 위해 실제 사용하는 양식을 기초로 개발하여 새로운 시스템의 적용시 적응이 용이하도록 하였다. 제안된 관리 모델에 따른 온라인/오프라인 조명시설 제어를 통하여 조명시설 정보의 효과적인 운용이 가능하게 하였으며, 인력 및 유지보수비를 줄이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Light and Feed Management of Broiler Breeders Reared Under Short Versus Natural Day Length

A series of four experiments was conducted to determine the response of meat-type breeder pullets to various light and feed management systems during the rearing, developing, and laying periods. Pullets reared under a short-day (8 h) lighting regimen entered lay at a significantly younger age and lighter body weight than did pullets reared under natural day length. When reared under short days, pullets subjected to light and feed stimulation earlier than 18 wk of age entered lay at a slightly younger age and significantly heavier body weight and produced fewer eggs through 45 wk of age. When pullets were reared under natural day length and photostimulated at 14 wk of age, incremental reductions in age (from 24 to 15 wk of age) at which feed stimulation was initiated resulted in proportionate reductions in age at first egg but had no effect on body weight at first egg. Results suggest that egg production by commercial meat-type females is optimum when managed to begin lay at 24 wk of age. Pullets reared under short days will enter lay at 24 wk if photostimulation is begun at 18 wk and feed stimulation is initiated not later than 24 wk. Pullets reared under natural day length will enter lay at 24 wk if photostimulation is begun at 14 wk and feed stimulation is initiated at 15 wk.

The China Light and Power Company energy management system

The China Light and Power Company energy management system

The China Light and Power Company energy management system

A modern energy management system (EMS) that has been in operation at the China Light and Power Company (CLP) in Hong Kong for over five years is described. The EMS is located in a building specifically designed for a system control center and also includes facilities for support staff. Although the EMS was designed to monitor and control the CLP transmission and generation network, the control center includes other auxiliary and support facilities, such as an operator training simulator, distribution control, maintenance workshops, communication facilities, power supplies and personnel offices. An introductory section of the paper explains the basis for the installation of the EMS. This is followed by discussions which explain the scope of the control center, the unique operational conditions addressed, unique control problems addressed, applications, and changeover experiences. The rapid growth of the service area and experience with this control center have led to an upgrading planned for completion in 1991. The justification and scope of this upgrading are presented. Operator training is a continuing process at the CLP control center. This activity has been incorporated into the overall configuration and into the plan for the EMS. Its execution is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Integration of an operations information system into an energy management and control system

The Houston Lighting and Power Company Energy Management and Control System (EMACS) represents a departure from designs historically associated with energy management systems. The EMACS inherently provides a data collection system that is useful to a variety of other users not associated with system dispatching. To meet the needs of those users, the EMACS includes an operations information system (OIS) that can support programs and displays identical to those provided to power system dispatchers. The OIS, however, is intended to be used by personnel in distribution-zone offices, power plant control rooms, and a variety of other departments. The reasons for inclusion of the OIS as well as alternate implementation is discussed. >

Lighting controls: Survey of market potential

This study describes the impact of lighting management systems that dynamically control lights in accordance with the needs of occupants. Various control strategies are described: scheduling, tuning, lumen depreciation, and daylighting. From initial experimental results, the energy savings provided by each of the above strategies are estimated to be 26, 12, 14, and 15%, respectively. Based upon a cost of $0.05–0.10 per kWh for electric energy and a 2-, 3-, or 4-yr payback, target costs for a simple and a sophisticated lighting management system are found to be $0.24 and 1.89 per ft 2, respectively, for a cost-effective investment. A growth model, based upon an extrapolation of the increase in building stock since 1975, indicates that the commercial and industrial (C & I) building stock will grow from 40 × 10 9 ft 2 in 1980 to about 67 × 10 9 ft 2 by the year 2000. Even with the use of more efficient lighting components, the energy required for this additional C & I stock will be 307 × 10 9 kWh compared to the 230 × 10 9 kWh used today. Adopting controls would reduce this requirement to 243 × 10 9 kWh, an increase of only 13 × 10 9 kWh above current use. The specified information is used to analyze the economic impacts that using these systems will have on the lighting industry, end users, utility companies, and the nation's economy. A $1–4 × 10 9 annual lighting control industry can be generated, creating many jobs. The estimated return on investment (ROI) for controls for end users would be between 19 and 38%. Utilities will be able to make smaller additions to capacity and invest less captial at 7–10% ROI. Finally, the annual energy savings, up to $3.4 × 10 9 for end users and about $5 × 10 9 for utilities, representing unneeded generating capacity, will be available to capitalize other areas of our economy.