Light Impurities Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE COMBED GRAIN HEAP ON THE PRELIMINARY SEPARATION OF FREE GRAIN

BACKGROUND: The article provides an analysis of the state of the problem of harvesting grain by the method of combing plants on the root. Attention is focused on the potential economic efficiency of the method and on the scientific and technological problems hindering its widespread implementation. In particular, in order to reduce the degree of crushing of free grain, it is necessary to pre-separate it and prevent it from entering the threshing device. It is proposed to remove grain directly on the lattice bottom of the inclined chamber of the combine. The scientific hypothesis of the study suggests that in order to improve separation, it is advisable to pre-remove a significant part of light impurities from the pile directly in the body of the combing adapter. AIM: The aim is to evaluate the efficiency of separation of free grain by removing a significant part of light impurities from the combed pile before it enters the inclined chamber. METHODS: To confirm the hypothesis, an experiment was conducted in which a combed grain pile of wheat of the «Moskovskaya 56» variety of different component composition was fed to a lattice surface equipped with a scraper conveyor. The weight content of the grain varied from 70 to 100%. The experiment took into account the proportion of free grain that passed through the holes of the grate at its length of 920 mm and the width of the holes of 12 mm. It ranged from 65 to 81% as the content of free grain in the pile increased. RESULTS: According to the research results, it was found that the passage of free grain through the openings of the lattice bottom varies between 65-80%. At the same time, a decrease in the mass fraction of free grain in the pile reduces its passage through the openings of the lattice surface by 15%. CONCLUSION: Preliminary removal of light impurities from the combed grain pile, comparable in size to free grain, can be carried out by using an inertial separation system. Reducing the proportion of light impurities in the pile entering the combine cleaning system makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of its operation.

Gyrokinetic prediction of core tungsten peaking in a WEST plasma with nitrogen impurities

Abstract Tungsten peaking is predicted in the core of a WEST plasma with total-f gyrokinetic simulations, including both collisional and turbulent transport. This prediction is validated with a synthetic diagnostic of the bolometry. Although nitrogen impurities are shown to reduce the neoclassical peaking of tungsten on-axis, the overall tungsten peaking increases when nitrogen impurities are present, as they reduce the turbulence screening off-axis. This finding is important for the plasma current ramp-up phase of ITER, where light impurities seeding will be desirable to achieve low temperatures at the plasma-facing components and reduce tungsten sputtering. It provides further argument for applying early ECRH heating to maintain margins on the core power balance. The neoclassical peaking factor is cross-verified between XGC and FACIT. The heat flux at separatrix and the heat load width are modeled by XGC and compared to WEST data.

DFT Simulations of the Self-healing Behavior of a W〈110〉/W〈112〉 Grain Boundary in the Presence of Coexisting Point Defects

Light impurity atoms (LIAs), such as hydrogen and helium, tend to aggregate at pre-existing intrinsic point defects. This aggregation leads to detrimental effects, particularly in environments such as those foreseen in nuclear fusion reactors. There, such impurities would be ubiquitous, resulting in unacceptable material behavior that would unqualify the material as a Plasma Facing Material (PFM). One option to delay the degradation in performance is the use of nanostructured tungsten (NW), showing a large density of grain boundaries (GBs). Although we have already addressed the behavior of a single LIA in a GB, in this work we present the combined synergistic effects of the simultaneous presence of multiple LIAs, vacancies and Self-Interstitial Atoms (SIA) at semicoherent W/W interfaces using ab initio methods. Our results reveal a complex and interesting process in the competition between LIAs and SIAs. When the number of SIAs is low, He appears to hinder their recombination with vacancies, therefore casting doubts on the self-healing provided by NW. However, in the presence of larger numbers of SIAs, their mutual repulsion leads to the opposite behavior. Thus, a thorough thermodynamic assessment in which the evolution of the system may be tracked emerges as the crucial subsequent step in these investigations.

Evolution and cleaning of the deposit layers on the lower divertor of WEST fully equipped with ITER grade components

After 3 h of accumulated time from repeated plasma shots during C7 campaign performed in 2023, a deposited layer appeared on the ITER-grade W-monoblock of the lower divertor of WEST, mostly on the high field side. The growth of the deposit was observed during the campaign using infrared cameras, showing a large increase of the area covered by the deposit (x4) in the last two hours of cumulated plasma time. The deposit becomes problematic for the operation as it generates flakes which provoke radiative collapse when entering the plasma. A cleaning of the lower divertor is mandatory. A first cleaning was done using adhesive tape to remove all weakly adhered parts of the deposit. This method was chosen because it was easy to implement and did not generate dusts inside the tokamak. The cleaning enables partial removal of the more lightly adhered deposits but a large fraction remains stuck on the monoblock. A second cleaning was tried during 2024 operation by using the plasma as cleaner. A scenario was developped to put the inner strike line directly on the deposit to heat it and try to remove it by thermal stress. The deposit reaches temperature up to 1560°C but was not removed. The impurities generated were higher than normal operation and decreased during the cleaning session (−50% of light impurities observed at the end of the cleaning discharge session), showing an effect of cleaning by removing impurities from the deposit.

Separating Light Impurities from the Combed Heap in the Adapter Case

Introduction. It is possible to increase the separating of loose grain on the lattice bottom of the combine harvester feeder house by removing most of the light impurities from the combed heap using an inertial cleaning system built into the combing adapter body.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing an inertial system for separating light impurities in the combing header body and optimizing its main parameters.Materials and Methods. The object of the study was a large-scale model of a pneumatic cleaning device to simulate the motion of air and components of a combed grain heap inside the combing adapter body. It was a two-factor experiment with three variations of the air flow velocity (4.5; 5.5; 6.5 m/s) and the width of the air channel (0.26; 0.29; 0.32 m). The studies were conducted on a combed heap of Moskovskaya 56 wheat with a moisture content of about 12%. As a parameter for optimization and response function, a portion of the combed heap was selected from the body of the installation with an air flow.Results. According to the results of the experimental studies, it was found that the air flow velocity has a greater effect on separating glumes than the width of the air channel. A simultaneous increase in both factors leads to an improved separation. At the same time, if increasing the air flow velocity ensures a stable increase in the proportion of the combed heap and is limited only by the air velocity at which grain appears in the combed heap along with the glumes, then changing the channel width allows achieving the parameter optimal value.Discussion and Conclusions. The use of an inertial cleaning system makes it possible to remove almost completely light impurities from the combed heap. The optimal parameters of the device are: channel width 0.28...0.3 m, air flow velocity 6...6.5 m/s.

Two-Dimensional Plasma Soft X-ray Radiation Imaging System: Optimization of Amplification Stage Based on Gas Electron Multiplier Technology.

The objective of the proposed research is to develop plasma soft X-ray (SXR) radiation imaging that includes spectral information in addition to standard SXR tomography for the purpose of studying, for example, tungsten transport and its interplay with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in tokamak plasmas in an ITER-relevant approach. The SXR radiation provides valuable information about both aspects, particularly when measured with high spatial and temporal resolution and when tomographic reconstructions are performed. The spectral data will facilitate the tracking of both light and high-Z impurities. This approach is pertinent to both the advancement of a detailed understanding of physics and the real-time control of plasma, thereby preventing radiative collapses. The significance of this development lies in its ability to provide three-dimensional plasma tomography, a capability that extends beyond the scope of conventional tomography. The utilization of two-dimensional imaging capabilities inherent to Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in a toroidal view, in conjunction with the conventional poloidal tomography, allows for the acquisition of three-dimensional information, which should facilitate the study of, for instance, the interplay between impurities and MHD activities. Furthermore, this provides a valuable opportunity to investigate the azimuthal asymmetry of tokamak plasmas, a topic that has rarely been researched. The insights gained from this research could prove invaluable in understanding other toroidal magnetically confined plasmas, such as stellarators, where comprehensive three-dimensional measurements are essential. To illustrate, by attempting to gain access to anisotropic radiation triggered by magnetic reconnection or massive gas injections, such diagnostics will provide the community with enhanced experimental tools to understand runaway electrons (energy distribution and spatial localization) and magnetic reconnection (spatial localization, speed…). This work forms part of the optimization studies of a detecting unit proposed for use in such a diagnostic system, based on GEM technology. The detector is currently under development with the objective of achieving the best spatial resolution feasible with this technology (down to approximately 100 µm). The diagnostic design focuses on the monitoring of photons within the 2-15 keV range. The findings of the optimization studies conducted on the amplification stage of the detector, particularly with regard to the geometrical configuration of the GEM foils, are presented herein. The impact of hole shape and spacing in the amplifying foils on the detector parameters, including the spatial size of the avalanches and the electron gain/multiplication, has been subjected to comprehensive numerical analysis through the utilization of Degrad (v. 3.13) and Garfield++ (v. bd8abc76) software. The results obtained led to the identification of two configurations as the most optimal geometrical configurations of the amplifying foil for the three-foil GEM system for the designed detector. The first configuration comprises cylindrical holes with a diameter of 70 μm, while the second configuration comprises biconical holes with diameters of 70/50/70 μm. Both configurations had a hole spacing of 120 μm.

Implementation of an impurity diagnostic suite on the Pegasus-III experiment.

A suite of diagnostics used to assess impurity content and dynamics has been updated, upgraded, and installed on the Pegasus-III Experiment. Typical plasma parameters during local helicity injection start-up are τshot ∼ 10 ms, ne ∼ 1 × 1019 m-3, and Te ∼ 50eV. The deployed diagnostics are compatible with this modest temperature and density regime and provide species identification, source localization, and estimation of radiation losses. Impurity species are determined by recording time-evolving, single line-of-sight spectra at 1.25 kfps using a SPRED (Survey, Poor Resolution, Extended Domain) vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer. SPRED is equipped with 450 g/mm grating, giving a spectral resolution of 0.33nm and a spectral range from ∼10 to 110nm, useful to identify light impurity species in this temperature and density range. An absolutely calibrated spectrometer that collects light from the plasma at Rtan = 15.9cm and Δt ≥ 2ms is used as a visible survey spectrometer and for continuum measurements. The radiated power from the plasma is estimated with a photodiode-based diagnostic. Two 16-channel absolute extreme ultraviolet diode arrays are placed behind pinhole apertures, resulting in 32 lines of sight at Z = 0, with a spatial resolution of 2-3cm and a time response of 60kHz. A photometrically calibrated collinear Dα/near infrared filtered photodiode-based system measures the Dα emission and around 1040nm. All these instruments have been designed to suppress electromagnetic interference from megawatt-class switching power supplies.

First observation of edge impurity behavior with n = 1 RMP application in EAST L-mode plasma

High-Z impurity accumulation suppression and mitigation in core plasma is frequently observed in EAST edge localized mode mitigation experiments by using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) coils. To study the individual effects of the RMP field on impurity transport, based on high-performance extreme ultraviolet impurity spectroscopic diagnostics, the effect of the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) RMP field on the behavior of intrinsic impurity ions at the plasma edge, e.g. He+, Li2+, C2+–C5+, O5+, Fe8+, Fe15+, Fe17+, Fe22+, Cu17+, Mo12+, Mo13+ and W27+, is analyzed for the first time in L-mode discharges. Based on the evaluation of the location of these impurity ions, it is found that with the increase in RMP current (I RMP), an impurity screening layer inside the last closed flux surface is formed, e.g. at ρ = 0.74–0.96, which is also the region that the RMP field affects. Outside this screening layer, the impurity ion flux of He+, Li2+, C2+, C3+, O5+, Fe8+, Mo12+ and Mo13+ ions increases gradually, while inside this screening layer, the impurity ion flux of C4+, C5+, Cu17+, W27+, Fe15+, Fe17+ and Fe22+ ions decreases gradually. When I RMP is higher than a threshold value, RMP field penetration occurs, accompanied with m/n = 2/1 mode locking, and the position of this screening layer moves to the plasma core region, i.e. ρ = 0.66–0.76, close to the q = 2 surface, and the opposite behavior of the impurity ion flux at two sides of the screening layer is strengthened dramatically. As a result, significant decontamination effects in the plasma core region, indicated by the factor of ((Γ Imp Z+)w/o–(Γ Imp Z+))/(Γ Imp Z+)w/o (where (Γ Imp Z+)/(Γ Imp Z+)w/o denotes the impurity ion flux ratio with and without RMP), is observed, i.e. 30%–60% for heavy impurity (Fe, Cu, Mo, W), and ∼27% for light impurity of C. In addition, the analysis of the decontamination effects of C and Fe impurities under four different RMP phase configurations shows that it may be related to the strength of the response of the plasma to RMP. These results enhance the understanding of impurity accumulation suppression by the n = 1 RMP field and demonstrate a candidate approach using RMP coils for W control in magnetic confinement devices.

Study of impurity C transport and plasma rotation in negative triangularity on the TCV tokamak

Carbon impurity transport is studied in the TCV tokamak using a charge exchange recombination diagnostic. TCVs flexible shaping capabilities were exploited to extend previous impurity transport studies to negative triangularity (δ < 0). A practical way of studying light impurity transport (like C, TCVs main impurity species due to graphite tiled walls) is to investigate the correlations between the impurity ion gradients that, in this study, highlighted significant differences between positive (PT) and negative δ (NT) plasma configurations. δ scans ( −0.6<δ<+0.6 ) were performed in limited configurations, but displayed little correlation between C temperature, rotation and density gradients for positive δ. This stiff response for δ > 0 changes for negative δ, where the evolution of ∇vtor was accompanied by variations of ∇nC over a range of negative δ, showing that transport, in NT, is affected by velocity gradients. Similar δ scans were performed with additional NBH (Neutral Beam Heating), with power steps ranging from 0.25 MW to 1.25 MW, highlighting increased momentum confinement in negative δ. Finally, the evolution of intrinsic plasma toroidal rotation across linear to saturated ohmic confinement regime (LOC/SOC) transitions was explored at δ < 0, expanding previous studies performed in TCV for δ> 0 (Bagnato et al 2023 Nucl. Fusion 63 056006). Toroidal rotation reversal was not observed for δ < 0, despite clear LOC/SOC transitions, confirming that these two phenomena occur concomitantly only in a restricted number of cases and under specific conditions.

RFX-mod2 diagnostic capability enhancements for the exploration of multi-magnetic-configurations

The RFX-mod2 device, the upgraded version of the previous RFX-mod with a modified magnetic boundary, is presently under realization and will start to be operated in 2025. Significant upgrades of the diagnostic capabilities have been proposed and are under development. These include a largely increased number of in-vessel magnetic and electrostatic sensors, a new fast reciprocating manipulator for the exploration of the edge plasma in a wide range of experimental conditions, the improved Thomson scattering and soft x-ray diagnostics system for a detailed determination of the behavior of the electron temperature profile, new dedicated systems for the space and time resolved analysis of x-ray spectra and neutron rate, a reflectometric diagnostic for real-time determination of plasma position, two diagnostics devoted to the imaging of light impurities and influxes behavior along with arrays of halo current sensors. These diagnostic upgrades will be accompanied by a significant effort to improve the control of the electron density and of the impurity influxes by means of proper treatment of plasma facing components with in-vessel fixed electrodes distributed over the first wall. The described advancements will allow a deeper understanding of physics phenomena in the wide variety of magnetic configurations, including the tokamak, the reversed-field pinch and the Ultra-low q, which can be produced in RFX-mod2 thanks to its flexibility and unique MHD control capabilities.

The Q-cascade Theory with Material Losses and Gains

Material losses and gains are generally unavoidable in isotope separation cascades because of air leakage into the cascade and chemical reactions of the materials in contact with the process gas. Both losses and gains are incorporated into the well-known Q-cascade theory and can be considered differently for each component. The theory is applied, as an example, to investigating the separation of natural uranium to produce low-enriched uranium of 5% 235U, in which UF6 incurs material losses, generating the light impurity hydrogen fluoride (HF). Two approaches are discussed, one using a carrier gas and another purging the light impurity to prevent the light impurity from exceeding the upper limit in the cascade product end for safe cascade operation. The results show that using carrier gas increases the relative total flow of the cascade, whereas purging the light impurity requires the development of a purging technology. The investigation presents a complicated but real practical scenario, where the components of different physical and chemical properties (some with and without material losses, and some with gains) all appear in the process gas, and demonstrates the applicability of the theory in the study of separation cascades.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОСТАВА ОЧЕСАННОГО ЗЕРНОВОГО ВОРОХА НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЕГО СЕПАРАЦИИ НА РЕШЕТЧАТОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ

The separating ability of the lattice surface when working with combed grain heaps of various fractional compositions was studied. The scientific hypothesis of the study is the assumption that with an increase in the mass fraction of chaff in the heap, the separation efficiency should decrease due to an increase in the volume of grain with a constant mass of the sample of the heap under study as the grain content decreases due to the larger volumetric mass of the latter compared to the chaff. It is a legitimate assumption that the passage of a larger volume of heap through the holes of the lattice surface requires more time, that is, the separation rate should decrease. Experimental studies were carried out on a combed grain heap of wheat variety Moskovskaya 56 with a relative humidity of 12%. The mass fraction of grain in the heap varied from 100 to 60% in increments of 10%. The experimental installation was made on the basis of the grain elevator of the KZS 1218 combine harvester, in which, instead of the dismantled lower wall, a lattice surface with longitudinal holes 900 mm long and 12 mm wide was installed. The installation simulated the operation of the inclined chamber of a combine harvester, the lattice bottom of which should separate free grain from the combed heap and direct it for cleaning, bypassing the threshing apparatus. In this regard, the speed of the scraper conveyor was 3 m/s. The heap that passed through the holes in the lattice was caught, after which it was disassembled into fractions and accounted for. As a result of the experiment, it was established that as the mass fraction of grain in the heap decreases, the separation rate of the latter within the zone of variation of the initial parameter decreases by 4%. Therefore, it is advisable to first remove a significant portion of light impurities from the combed heap before it enters the inclined chamber.

Tungsten Sputtering Yields by Light Impurities of Plasma

Tungsten Sputtering Yields by Light Impurities of Plasma

Tungsten sputtering coefficients by light impurities of plasma

Calculations of the tungsten sputtering coefficients (the divertor material in the ITER tokamak) by He, Be, N, O – impurity atoms in the plasma – were carried out at collision energy of 0.010–100 keV using the Monte–Carlo method. To calculate the trajectory of the incident particle, pair potentials obtained within the framework of density functional theory were used. These potentials were corrected for the parameters of the potential well obtained from spectroscopic measurements. The target consisted of tungsten randomly oriented crystals the size of one lattice constant. Next, the trajectories of the recoil particles were calculated using many-particle potentials calculated using density functional theory. Thermal vibrations of target atoms were taken into account. The vibration amplitude was taken to be 0.05 Å, which corresponded to room temperature. The strong dependence of the results on the shape of the surface potential barrier is shown and the results are presented for two limiting cases of the surface state: a flat surface, when a planar surface potential barrier is realized, and a surface consisting of cones, when a spherical potential barrier occurs. In the experiment, the surface has some roughness, which depends on the experimental conditions. It is shown that the experimental results lie between the limiting cases we considered. Information was obtained on the average energy of sputtered atoms and angular distributions, necessary for calculating the entry of impurities into the tokamak plasma.

DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE AIR-SCREW GRAIN DRYER

The article studies the issue of grain drying and its importance in agriculture. Various methods of grain drying are considered, analyzed to determine their effectiveness and applicability. There is a risk of problems associated with improper drying of grain and negative consequences for the safety of grain and its further processing. For timely and qualitative cleaning and drying of grain an innovative design is offered - mobile air-screw dryer for grain. This device cleans grain from light weed impurities by means of air flow and removes surface moisture from grain by blowing it with heated air flow. The paper describes in detail the design and principle of operation of the dryer. The results of preliminary experiments confirming the performance of the dryer are given.

Аналіз одношарового руху зернового матеріалу у вертикальному пневмосепараційному каналі

The separation of grain and light impurities in a vertical pneumatic separation channel with an increase in its capacity occurs under rather difficult conditions, since the thickness of the grain flow increases, which leads to a redistribution of particles of grain material and reduces the probability of passing light impurities through the grain layers and their release into the sedimentation chamber. To increase the productivity of vertical pneumatic separation channels, it is necessary to create conditions for single-layer placement of grain material in the separation zone at a distance that excludes the interaction of other layers of grain input. This will allow the majority of grain particles to be in the same conditions and increase the percentage of probability of separation into the sedimentation chamber to the maximum value. Therefore, a theoretical flow analysis aimed at studying the interaction of grain mixture particles with the air flow, taking into account the single-layer arrangement of several grain layers and the contamination of the air flow with light impurities in the separation zone, is a rather important task. Theoretical dependences have been obtained that allow substantiating the main parameters of the pneumatic separation channel and determine the residence time of a grain particle in the separation zone, taking into account the clogging of the air flow. For a grain material of mass characterized by the values of the windage coefficient kз = 0.075...0.12 for full grain, kз = 0.11...0.14 for substandard grain, and kз = 0.125...0.55 for light impurities, it is possible to clearly separate the grain mixture into fractions by setting the appropriate parameters and operating modes of the pneumatic separation channel under the condition of a single-layer multilevel input. Due to the selection of rational parameters of the feeding devices for delivering the material into the separation zone and establishment of appropriate aerodynamic modes of air flow, it is possible to separate up to 96% of light impurities from the grain material, while ensuring minimal losses of full grain to waste.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ АЭРИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕРНА

The article analyses grain bulk, being man-made ecological system, where biotic components and their abiotic environment interact with each other. The article determines physical properties of grain bulks and air flow underlying grain aeration processes. It summarizes and classifies technological problems of grain safety which can be solved by aeration. It reveals significant problems associated with increasing preservation of freshly harvested grain. The problem is the presence of small and light impurities in grain mass, which are source of harmful microorganism concentration. The study reveals the main problems of grain aeration drying with additional heating of atmospheric air and presents their possible solutions. Aeration rate limit values are given for performing the main technological operations of grain safety. The article demonstrates importance of grain hygroscopic properties for its aeration, and moisture movement balance at different values of water vapor partial pressures in air and grain.

An improved AO algorithm optimized PID rectification model for wind speed and wind pressure regulation in video cabinet of tobacco sorting machine

Abstract Sorting and removing impurities is the use of raw materials and light impurities suspended speed differences through the wind to separate the hemp, paper, plastic, and other light materials to remove impurities. Article to tobacco sorting machine video cabinet wind pressure control system principle as a guide, combined with the structure of the sorting and impurity removal machine and the principle of wind speed balance designed to balance the wind speed and wind pressure of the tobacco sorting machine. The control model of wind speed and pressure in the video cabinet system of the tobacco sorting machine is established, and the improved AO algorithm is used for the design of the overall PID controller and optimization of the PID controller’s setting parameters. The IAO algorithm optimizes the parameters of the PID setting controller with a steady state error within 3%, and the introduction of the IAO-PID controller can make the wind speed of the sorting machine system control from 16.4m/s to 11.1m/s within 17ms. When the system detects that the negative pressure of wire feeding changes sharply to about 1.12MPa within 20ms and exceeds the differential pressure start value of 0.9MPa set by the sorter system, the tobacco wire feeding anti-clogging function is activated. The PID controller optimized by the IAO algorithm can achieve precise regulation and control of wind speed and pressure of tobacco sorting machines, improving the sorting efficiency of tobacco production.

Design and Multi-objective Optimization of Vibro-Pneumatic Separator for Paddy Pre-Cleaning using RSM

Development of vibro-pneumatic separator machine considering both machining parameter and characteristic of grain product was presented in this paper in term of multi-objective optimization. Design of separator machine combines both pneumatic part to separate the light impurity contaminant and multilevel vibrating sieve to separate other type of contaminant for pre-cleaning purpose. Machining parameters such as airflow rate, vibration frequency and moisture content are investigated in this paper to analyze its effect on separation efficiency and product losses. The research was based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with 3 continuous factors and 3 levels of each factor. The experiment revealed that airflow rate, vibration frequency and moisture content were found significant on separation efficiency and product losses. It confirmed that the quadratic polynomial model were good at R-squared of 95.97% for the separation efficiency and 96.42% for product losses. Based on the RSM response optimizer, the optimal condition can be achieved using the setup of the airflow rate at 4.3 m/s, the moisture content at 8% and the vibration frequency at 20 m/s. The optimum setup promised the separation efficiency of 89.1% and the product losses of 3.6%. This parameter setup can be used in terms of design purpose and setup the optimum parameter of vibro-pneumatic separator machine that can be used for various grain material pre-cleaning process for a sustainable rice production.

Development of fibered LIBS device for tokamak Plasma Facing Components characterization

The LIBS technique enables to measure the deposits composition in fusion machines, particularly the tritium concentration on tokamak Plasma Facing Components (PFC), thus allowing the estimation of the deposited tritium quantity for safety control and the composition of the PFC surface in light impurities (oxides) which can pollute the plasma when evaporated. This paper presents the development of a fibered LIBS device, mounted on an articulated arm and able to operate in nanosecond and picosecond laser regimes for PFC characterizations. The different components of the LIBS device are presented as well as the first LIBS spectra on tungsten targets.