Light-extraction Efficiency Of Organic Light-emitting Diodes Research Articles

Enhancing Light Extraction Efficiency in OLED Using Scattering Structure-Embedded DMD-Based Transparent Composite Electrodes.

This study investigates the application of scattering structures to the metal layer in a DMD (Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric) configuration through plasma treatment. The purpose is to enhance the light extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different plasma conditions were explored to create scattering structures on the metal layer. The fabricated devices were characterized for their electrical and optical properties. The results demonstrate that the introduction of scattering structures through plasma treatment effectively improves the light extraction efficiency of OLEDs. Specifically, using O2-plasma treatment on the metal layer resulted in significant enhancements in the total transmittance, haze, and figure of merit. These findings suggest that incorporating scattering structures within the DMD configuration can effectively promote light extraction in OLEDs, leading to enhanced overall performance and light efficiency.

Simulation for light extraction efficiency of OLEDs with spheroidal microlenses in hexagonal array

A theoretical model based on ray optics is used to simulate the optical performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with spheroidal microlens arrays (MLAs) in a hexagonal array configuration using the Monte Carlo method. In simulations, ray tracing was performed until 20 reflections occurred from the metal cathode, with 10 consecutive reflections permitted in a single lens pattern. The parameters describing the shape and array of the lens pattern of a MLA are its radius, height, contact angle, and fill factor (FF). Many previous results on how these parameters affect light extraction efficiency (LEE) are inconsistent. In this paper, these contradictory results are discussed and explained by introducing a new parameter. To examine light extraction from an OLED through a MLA, the LEE enhancement is studied considering the effect of absorption by indium tin oxide during multiple reflections from the metal cathode. The device size where LEE enhancement is unchanged with changing lens pattern was identified for a fixed FF; under this condition, the optimal LEE enhancement, 84%, can be obtained using an OLED with a close-packed spheroidal MLA. An ideal maximum LEE enhancement of 120% was achieved with a device with an infinite-sized MLA. The angular intensity distribution of light emitted through a MLA is considered in addition to LEE enhancement for an optimized MLA.

Improvement of light-extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes using dielectric nanoparticles

Use of dielectric nanoparticles placed at the anode (indium tin oxide) for the improvement of light-extraction efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been reported. The nanoparticle layer will act as a scattering medium for the light trapped in the waveguiding modes of the device. Mie theory has been applied to study the scattering efficiency of the isolated dielectric nanoparticle. The effect of dielectric nanoparticles on the light-extraction efficiency of OLED has been analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain method. The light-extraction efficiency of the device depends upon the diameter, interparticle separation, and refractive index of dielectric nanoparticles. At optimal nanoparticle parameters, the enhancement factor of 1.7 times is obtained with the proposed design.

Dielectric nanoparticles for the enhancement of OLED light extraction efficiency

This work reports the use of dielectric nanoparticles placed at glass substrate in the improvement of light extraction efficiency of organic light emitting diode (OLED). The nanoparticles will act as scattering medium for the light trapped in the waveguiding modes of the device. The scattering efficiency of dielectric nanoparticles has been calculated by Mie Theory. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis and simulation estimate the effect of dielectric nanoparticles on the light extraction efficiency of OLED. The efficiency depends upon the diameter, interparticle separation and refractive index of dielectric nanoparticles. It is shown that the dielectric nanoparticles layer can enhance the light extraction efficiency by a factor of 1.7.

Enhanced light extraction efficiency of OLEDs with quasiperiodic diffraction grating layer.

We presented enhanced light extraction efficiency of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) cells with a nano-sized diffraction grating layer. Various diffraction gratings of different morphologies including linear, cubic, hexagonal and quasiperiodic patterns were fabricated by multiplexing light interference exposure on an azobenzene thin film. The effect of diffraction grating layer on device performances including luminous properties and quantum efficiency was investigated. In contrast to periodic grating patterns, the quasiperiodic structures leading broadband light extraction resulted in improved external quantum efficiency and power efficiency by 73% and 63%, respectively, compared to conventional OLED with flat surface of glass substrate.

Enhancement of light extraction efficiency of OLEDs using Si₃N₄-based optical scattering layer.

An optical scattering layer, consisting of a Si3N4 nano-pillar array and a spin-coated hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) planarization layer, was introduced to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) substrate to increase the out-coupling efficiency. After plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of the Si3N4 layer, the nano-pillar array was created using nanoimprint lithography and reactive ion etching. As the Si3N4 pillar array has a refractive index of 2.0, photons generated in the organic layer are scattered by the Si3N4 structures and thus have a higher chance of being emitted from the device. The spin-coated HSQ planarization layer produces a flat substrate, which is essential for depositing a uniform organic material layer and assuring the electric conductivity of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer. In this study, Si3N4 nano-structures with a height of 100 or 300 nm were used to enhance the out-coupling efficiency of the OLED devices. Although the electrical conductivity of the TCO layer deposited on the light scattering layer was slightly degraded, the OLED devices formed with the light scattering layer exhibited a higher luminous power at given electrical power. Consequently, the use of a planarized 300-nm-thick Si3N4 layer increased the external quantum efficiency of the OLED device by 50% at 10,000 cd/m2 compared to the reference OLED device fabricated on a flat glass substrate.

Improvement of light out-coupling efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes with variable nanopatterns

We present a viable method to enhance the current efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by imprinting cylindrical nanopatterns (NPs) onto a glass substrate. Herein, OLEDs equipped with an optimum NP array having a diameter of 300 nm and a periodic distance of 500 nm show a 33.4% improvement in current efficiency compared with a device without NPs. The light extraction efficiency of OLEDs was enhanced using a nanopatterned glass substrate, without any electrical degradation owing to the formation of NPs on opposite sides of the organic layers. In addition, top-emitting OLEDs can be fabricated easily by patterning the encapsulation glass.