Light-emitting Diode Technology Research Articles

Development of an adaptive template for fast detection of lithographic patterns of light-emitting diode chips

With the expansion in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting market and technology, control of product quality has become the focus of LED development. To achieve high online production capacity, automated quality detection with object image has been employed for comparison using mostly the standard templates. However, the resulting poor fitting causes misjudgment of the detection system. This study proposes an adaptive template method to improve the system fitting, reduce the system misjudgment, and enhance the detection efficiency. The severely damaged LED chips were screened out based on their grayscale entropy indices and related coefficient indices, which enhanced the reliability of the adaptive template system and accelerated the overall system detection process. To overcome the displacement and scale changes of the lithographic patterns, the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and Harris–Laplace methods were used for comparison. The scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and Harris–Laplace methods were used to search and compare the feature points of the chip patterns, with the aim to overcome the displacement and scale changes of the lithographic patterns and establish the adaptive template in real conditions. The fast correlation coefficient comparison method was compared with the adaptive template comparison method proposed in this study. The results showed that the detection accuracy of the new method was 98.36%, which is 15.79% more accurate than the fast correlation coefficient comparison method. In terms of time performance, the method proposed in this study took 0.08 s less to complete the partition defect template. Moreover, the average detection time per chip was reduced by another 1.4 s, which improved the efficiency by 30.43%. The adaptive template proposed in this study exclusively establish itself based on different lithographic patterns, thus improving the detection efficiency and accuracy of the LED industry, and raising its market competitiveness in the industry.

First Estimation of Global Trends in Nocturnal Power Emissions Reveals Acceleration of Light Pollution

The global spread of artificial light is eroding the natural night-time environment. The estimation of the pattern and rate of growth of light pollution on multi-decadal scales has nonetheless proven challenging. Here we show that the power of global satellite observable light emissions increased from 1992 to 2017 by at least 49%. We estimate the hidden impact of the transition to solid-state light-emitting diode (LED) technology, which increases emissions at visible wavelengths undetectable to existing satellite sensors, suggesting that the true increase in radiance in the visible spectrum may be as high as globally 270% and 400% on specific regions. These dynamics vary by region, but there is limited evidence that advances in lighting technology have led to decreased emissions.

Limiting factors of GaN-on-GaN LED

GaN-on-GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been considered to present the path towards ultimate LED technology. However, at present, the performance of the LEDs is still lower in comparison to GaN-on-sapphire LEDs. This work attempted to identify the possible factors that limit the performance of a GaN-on-GaN LED. To perceive this clearly, a GaN-on-patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) LED was also included in this study for comparison. It was found that the GaN-on-GaN LED exhibited lower performance (e.g. external quantum efficiency) than the GaN-on-PSS LED, especially at higher currents, despite its dislocation density being much lower than the latter. This is because the GaN-on-GaN LED had a lack of V-pits formation and carriers localization. As a result, the LED showed higher operating voltage and lower radiative recombination in comparison to the GaN-on-PSS LED.

Advances in insects for food and feed

This Special Issue presents the outcomes from the 23rd African Association of Insect Scientists' Conference held in Cote D’Ivoire, in connection with similar initiatives within and outside Africa. Over 65 scientific papers from several countries, worldwide, were submitted, of which about 40 were accepted and published. The issue focused on new advances in the value chain of edible insects in Africa and beyond. An innovative light-emitting diode technology for mass harvesting of edible grasshopper has been developed. The nutrient composition of insects such as the desert locust has been evaluated. Organic waste streams have been found to affect insect productivity and nutritional value. Insect-based feed increases the nutritional quality of poultry meat. Conventional processing methods reduce microbiological hazards in edible insects. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals, excessive microbial loads and pesticides residues threaten safety of some edible insects, if quality control measures are not developed. Climate change will impede availability of edible insects; hence, necessitating upscaling of mass production technologies and sound conservation practices. Safety and hygiene, on the other hand, hamper the acceptability of insects as food and/or feed, particularly in developed countries. Food fortification with insects and isolation of bioactive compounds from them are new highlights in the Special Issue, which were previously under-explored in Africa. The application of modern food processing technology in the development of new products and the medicinal or commercial value derivable from edible insects and their therapeutic functions are excellent opportunities for expanding the sector. Since disgust factors exist, mass sensitisation on the benefits of consuming insects and insect-based products is a must. We believe that the new frontiers on insects for food, feed and other uses that have been presented in this special issue will undoubtedly stimulate more debates and collaborations in the sector within Africa and beyond.

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Luminescent Self-Assembled Materials of Copper(I)

Over the past decade, we have seen the rapid advancement in the technology of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) toward practical applications. The high color contrast, wide viewing angles, good flexibility, and low power consumption of OLEDs have rendered them promising candidates for next-generation displays and solid-state lighting applications. Parallel to the optimization in device structures, of equal importance is the search for new classes of emitters. While conventional OLEDs mainly rely on triplet emitters based on precious metal complexes, such as those of platinum(II) and iridium(III), copper(I) self-assembled materials represent attractive alternatives with relatively low cost but comparable emission tunability. In this mini review, the recent progress in the development of copper(I) self-assembled materials, including copper(I) clusters and coordination polymers, as electroluminescent materials in OLEDs will be discussed.

Study of Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Freshly Cut Amaranth after Blue LED Light Treatment.

Freshly cut vegetables are susceptible to microbial contamination and oxidation during handling and storage. Hence, light-emitting diode technology can effectively inhibit microbial growth and improve antioxidant enzyme activity. In this paper, the freshly cut amaranth was treated with different intensities of blue light-emitting diode (LED460nm) over 12 days. Chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzymes activity, the changes in microbial count, and sensorial evaluation were measured to analyze the effects of LED treatment on the amaranth. Blue LED460nm light irradiation improved the vital signs of the samples and extended the shelf life by 2–3 days. The AsA–GSH cycle was effectively activated with the irradiation of 30 μmol/(m2·s) blue LED460nm light. According to the results, the LED460nm light could retard the growth of colonies and the main spoilage bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of freshly cut amaranth.

Enhancing Growth and Glucosinolate Accumulation in Watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) by Regulating Light Intensity and Photoperiod in Plant Factories

Recent advancements in light-emitting diode technology provide an opportunity to evaluate the correlation between different light sources and plant growth as well as their secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal light intensity and photoperiod for increasing plant growth and glucosinolate concentration and content in watercress. Two-week-old seedlings were transplanted in a semi-deep flow technique system of a plant factory for 28 days under four photoperiod–light intensity treatments (12 h—266 µmol·m−2·s−1, 16 h—200 µmol·m−2·s−1, 20 h—160 µmol·m−2·s−1, and 24 h—133 µmol·m−2·s−1) with the same daily light integral. The mean values of shoot fresh and dry weights were the highest under the 20 h—160 µmol·m−2·s−1 treatment, although there was no significant difference. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance gradually decreased with decreasing light intensity and increasing photoperiod. However, total glucosinolate concentration was significantly higher under 20 h—160 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 24 h—133 µmol·m−2·s−1 compared with 12 h—266 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 16 h—200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The total glucosinolate content was the greatest under 20 h—160 µmol·m−2·s−1 treatment. These data suggest that the 20 h—160 µmol·m−2·s−1 treatment promoted the maximum shoot biomass and glucosinolate content in watercress. This study supplies the optimal light strategies for the future industrial large-watercress cultivation.

Comparative Study of Energy Savings for Various Control Strategies in the Tunnel Lighting System

Tunnel lighting is the most significant component in total energy consumption in the whole infrastructure. Hence, various lighting control strategies based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology have been investigated to conserve energy by decreasing luminaires’ operating time. In this study, four kinds of tunnel lighting control strategies and the development of their associated technologies are evaluated: no-control low-consumption lamps (LCL), time-scheduling control strategy (TSCS), daylight adaptation control strategy (DACS), and intelligent control strategy (ICS). This work investigates the relationship between initial investment and electrical costs as a function of tunnel length (L) and daily traffic volume (N) for the four control strategies. The analysis was performed using 100-day data collected in eleven Chinese tunnels. The tunnel length (L) ranged from 600 m to 3300 m and the daily traffic volume (N) ranged from 700 to 2500. The results showed that initial investment costs increase with L for all control strategies. Also, the electricity costs for the LCL, TSCS, and DACS strategies increased linearly with L, whereas the electricity cost for the ICS strategy has an exponential growth with L and N. The results showed that for a lifetime equal to or shorter than 218 days, the LCL strategy offered the best economical solution; whereas for a lifetime longer than 955 days, the ICS strategy offered the best economical solution. For a lifetime between 218 and 955 days, the most suitable strategy varies with tunnel length and traffic volume. This study’s results can guide the decision-making process during the tunnel lighting system’s design stage.

Excitonic characteristics of blue-emitting quantum dot materials in group II-VI using hybrid time-dependent density functional theory

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of group II-VI are key ingredients of next-generation QD light-emitting diodes technology for display and lighting, yet the understanding of their luminescent characteristics are far from being mature. Using a hybrid time-dependent density functional theory, we have studied the electronic and excitonic properties of blue-emitting colloidal QDs within group II-VI containing a thousand atoms or more, including CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, and ZnS QDs, considering both quantum confinement and surface ligand effects. It is found that the calculated optical gaps are in excellent quantitative agreement with experiment, irrespective of the QD nature. Scaling laws of size-dependent energy gaps governed solely by quantum confinement effects have further been explored at both single-particle level and correlated excitonic level for all QDs. With concurrently stoichiometric control and enhancing quantum confinement effects, we have predicted an unusual switching of symmetry character of the highest occupied molecular orbital state from a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{3}$ to a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{1}$ symmetry at ultrasmall size ($\ensuremath{\sim}1$ nm) for all QDs. After the switching, pronounced linearly polarized band-edge excitonic emission is activated. The radiative exciton decay lifetime is found to increase monotonically with increasing the QD size and tends to saturate at larger sizes. Finally, we have explored the surface passivation mechanism of inorganic chloride ligand, and identified various favorable Cd-Cl bonding configurations which enable an effective surface passivation resembling the commonly applied pseudohydrogen passivation scheme. We find that chloride ligand serves as a hole delocalization ligand and tends to redshift the absorption spectra, reduce the absorption intensity, and significantly enhance the exciton decay lifetime. Our results provide a guideline for spectroscopic studies of excitonic characteristics of colloidal QDs within group II-VI.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase expression and pyranocoumarin accumulation in Angelica gigas plantlets exposed to light-emitting diodes

Angelica gigas (Dang Gui) is an important medicinal plant. In this study, we examined the accumulation of pyranocoumarin (decursin and decursinol angelate) and the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in Korean angelica plantlet grown under different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (red, orange, green, blue, and white). Three weeks after LED exposure (WAE), the transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA in seedlings grown under orange LEDs were 4-, 18-, and 7-fold higher than those in seedlings grown under green, blue, and white LEDs, respectively. The decursinol angelate content was almost double than the decursin content. The highest levels of decursin (3.2 mg/g dry weight) and decursinol angelate (6 mg/g dry weight) were detected in plants grown under orange LEDs, at 2 WAE. Therefore, we suggest that orange LEDs may affect decursin and decursinol angelate accumulation. The findings of this study could help to determine an effective strategy for producing secondary metabolites in A. gigas using LED technology.

Degradation kinetics and removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals by photocatalytic ceramic membranes using ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

The development of ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) technology provides more potential for the application of photocatalytic membranes. In this study, graphene oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) photocatalytic ceramic membranes were prepared and activated by UV-LED. We systematically evaluated the removal of naproxen (NAP), carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) under 365 nm, 300 nm and 275 nm UV-LED irradiation in photocatalytic ceramic membrane reactors (PCMRs). Our results showed that this GO-TiO2 modified ceramic membrane achieved simultaneous separation and photocatalytic degradation for tested pharmaceuticals. Through fluence-based and energy-based efficiencies analysis, the 300 nm UV-LED is a good option for achieving a high removal efficiency with low energy consumption. Membrane filtration enhanced the degradation efficiency by four times through enhancing the mass transfer effect in membrane pores, and reduced the electrical energy per order (EEO) by a factor of ten. In addition, high membrane flux, high degradation rate and strong catalytic stability could be simultaneously achieved in closed-loop dead-end filtration. The addition of H2O2 could further increased the removal efficiency. PCMRs equipped with UV-LEDs are promising for pharmaceuticals removal as well as solving the issue of membrane concentrated water.

Photophysical and DFT investigation of imidazole-based hole transporting materials for phosphorescent OLEDs with high current efficiency

Organic small molecules have played a significant role in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) technology. Improving the stability of OLEDs continues to be a major task in organic electronics. To overcome this issue, it is essential to enhance the carrier injection into the emissive layer for better charge balance. Though OLEDs are highly desirable for the solution process, enabling simple and cost-effectively manufacturing to fabricate large-area devices, the development of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) still a considerable challenge. Herein the IMzN (1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole) and IMzB (4-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid) with excellent solution processability and stability suitable for efficient OLED devices using a simple and efficient microwave-assisted synthetic procedure. Thermogravimetric analysis of IMzN and IMzB suggested that the material be thermally stable up to 320–345 °C. No glass transition has occurredas confirmed by DSC indicating the amorphous nature of the materials, which is well supported by XRD analysis. Materials acquire the appropriate HOMO levels for favorable hole injection as well as superior hole mobility. As a result, both HTMs show better device performance than the commercially used TAPC. The IMzB as HTL shows remarkable current efficiency of 91.13 cd A-1 and EQE of 21.11%. This is the highest current efficiency reported using solution-processed green phosphorescent OLEDs. Devices with IMzB as HTL also exhibit relatively better stability under continuous stress.

A multiwavelength model to improve microalgal productivity and energetic conversion in a red-blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) continuous photobioreactor

Irradiation with light emitting diodes (LEDs) is proposed as a method to increase the photoconversion efficiency in large-scale microalgal cultivation. Although several authors have reported the possibility of using colored LEDs in batch systems and for many species, the overall energy efficiency of a continuous system integrated with fine-tuned LED technology is still not available. In this work, the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima was cultivated under a R/B (red/blue) LED lamp at increasing light intensities, in order to study the effects of light quality on microalgal performances. Kinetic growth parameters were retrieved from respirometric tests and implemented in a mathematical model to examine the effects of process variables on microalgal growth and to predict maximum biomass productivity in the multi-wavelength spectrum employed, which was also included in the simulation tool. The efficiency of both photosynthetic and LEDs were examined for energy evaluation. It was found that integrating tailored LEDs in microalgal cultivation increases process efficiency by reducing light energy waste. Moreover, integrating tailored LEDs was also found to be more efficient than white LED source, due to their higher energetic efficiency.

Ambient bright light treatment improved proxy-rated sleep but not sleep measured by actigraphy in nursing home patients with dementia: a placebo-controlled randomised trial

BackgroundUp to 70% of nursing home patients with dementia suffer from sleep problems. Light is the main zeitgeber to the circadian system and thus has a fundamental impact on sleep-wake behaviour. Low indoor light levels in nursing homes have been reported, and in combination with age-related reductions in light sensitivity, insufficient light exposure is likely to contribute to sleep problems in this population. Increasing daytime light exposure using bright light treatment (BLT) may represent a feasible non-pharmacological treatment for sleep problems in nursing home patients with dementia.MethodsThe present study reports on sleep outcomes, which are the primary outcomes of the DEM.LIGHT trial (Therapy Light Rooms for Nursing Home Patients with Dementia– Designing Diurnal Conditions for Improved Sleep, Mood and Behavioural Problems), a 24-week cluster-randomised placebo-controlled trial including 8 nursing home units and 69 resident patients. The intervention comprised ambient light of 1000 lx and 6000 K from 10:00 to 15:00, with gradually increasing and decreasing light levels prior to and following this interval, using ceiling mounted light-fixtures and light emitting diode technology. The placebo condition had continuous standard light levels (150–300 lx, ~ 3000 K). Sleep was assessed at baseline and follow-up at week 8, 16, and 24, using the proxy-rated Sleep Disorder Inventory (SDI) and actigraphy (Actiwatch II, Philips Respironics). Mixed linear models were used to evaluate intervention effects, adjusting for relevant covariates such as age, gender, number of drugs, severity of dementia, eye disease, and estimated light exposure.ResultsSleep as measured by the SDI was significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group from baseline to week 16 (B = − 0.06, 95% CI -0.11 - -0.01, p < .05) and from baseline to week 24 (B = − 0.05, 95% CI -0.10 - -0.01, p < .05). There was no effect according to the SDI at week 8 and no significant effects in terms of actigraphically measured sleep.ConclusionsProxy-rated sleep improved among nursing home patients with dementia following 16 and 24 weeks of BLT. These improvements were not corroborated by actigraphy recordings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03357328. Registered 29 November 2017 – Retrospectively registered.

The Past, Present, and Future of Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as new‐generation highly efficient narrow‐band luminescent materials with applications in various optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaics (PVs), light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and scintillators. Since the demonstration of efficient room‐temperature electroluminescence from MHPs in 2014, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development and study of light‐emitting MHP materials and devices. While the device efficiencies of MHP LEDs (PeLEDs) have significantly improved over a short period of time, their overall performance has not reached the levels of mature technologies yet, such as organic LEDs (OLEDs) and quantum dot LEDs (QDLEDs), to enable practical applications. Many issues and challenges, including low operational stability, lack of efficient blue PeLEDs, and toxicity of MHPs, remain to be addressed. Herein, some of the most exciting progress achieved in the development of efficient and stable PeLEDs during the last few years are introduced, the main issues and challenges in the field are discussed, and the prospects on addressing these issues and challenges are provided. With continuous effort, the potential of PeLEDs to become a commercially available LED technology for display and lighting applications in the future looks optimistic.

Redesigning Public Street Lighting Using Photometric Method

Street lighting with LED (Light-Emitting Diode) technology is currently the main option of public lighting in almost every country. Even though LED technology is a less costly selection, there needs to be well planned in an attempt of acquiring high efficiency. The photometric approach was tested in this study in order to redesign the existing approach used in street lighting in Indonesia. The redesigning process was carried out using software namely DIALux on two different schemes; one with homogeneous luminaire and the other one with the non-homogeneous luminaire. The results of this study showed that the most significant factors in redesigning street lighting covered types of the lamp, pole distance, pole height, and proper lighting angles which could affect the illumination value on both the main road and the sidewalks. In addition, it has also been proven that a homogeneous approach using LED lamp lighting promoted uniformity as well as optimum illumination.

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of polymorphism in tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate)aluminium.

Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate)aluminium (Alq3 ) is a metal-organic coordination complex, which is a widely used electroluminescent material in organic light-emitting diode technology. Crystalline Alq3 is known to occur in five polymorphic forms (denoted α, β, γ, δ, and ε), although the structures of some of these polymorphs have been the subject of considerable debate. In particular, the structure of α-Alq3 , which is a model for the local structure in amorphous films used in devices, is highly complex and has never been conclusively solved. In this work, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the local structure of four Alq3 samples. We find that the first structure proposed for α-Alq3 is inconsistent with all of the samples studied, and DFT calculations further suggest that this structure is energetically unfavourable. Instead, samples containing the meridional (mer) isomeric form are found to contain local structures consistent with ε-Alq3 , and a sample containing the facial (fac) isomeric form is consistent with a mixture of γ-Alq3 and δ-Alq3 . We also investigate the influence of different strategies for dispersion correction in DFT geometry optimisations. We find that a recently proposed modified semiempirical dispersion correction scheme gives good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, the DFT calculations also show that distinction between mer and fac isomers on the basis of ηQ that has been assumed in previous work is not always justified.

Deep-blue high-efficiency triplet-triplet annihilation organic light-emitting diodes using donor- and acceptor-modified anthracene fluorescent emitters

Deep-blue organic electroluminescence (EL) emitters are important for full-color display and solid-state lighting applications of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology. Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is one efficient approach for realizing efficient deep-blue EL. In this study, a PPI donor and a BI acceptor are connected via an anthracene (AN) bridge to obtain a bipolar deep-blue TTA emitter, PPI-AN-BI. The effects of the donor and the acceptor moieties are studied by comparing photophysical properties of molecules obtained by replacing either the PPI or the BI group with a phenyl (P) group to obtain BI-AN-P or PPI-AN-P. Non-doped OLEDs based on the three molecules display high-performance deep-blue EL. Using PPI-AN-BI as a non-doped emitter, a trilayer device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.4% with a CIE index of (0.15, 0.15), and a bilayer device exhibits a maximum EQE of 6.9% with a CIE index of (0.15, 0.15). It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that triplet pair transition and enhanced oscillator strength can be the main reasons contributing to high performances. This work would provide an efficient method for designing deep-blue non-doped EL emitters.

Effect of 405-nm light-emitting diode on environmental tolerance of Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can survive extreme desiccation, heat, acid, and osmotic stress. This can increase the risk of infection, resulting in severe diseases, mainly in neonates. The inactivation effect of 405 ± 5-nm light-emitting diode (LED) illumination on C. sakazakii with different initial concentrations and C. sakazakii strains isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF) and baby rice cereal (BRC) were firstly evaluated. Then, the effect of 405 ± 5-nm LED on the tolerance of diverse environmental conditions of C. sakazakii in PIF was investigated. Conditions involving desiccation [PIF, Water activity (aw): 0.2–0.5], heat (45, 50, and 55 °C), acid (simulated gastric fluid: SGF, pH 4.75 ± 0.25), and bile salt (0.2%, bile salt solution) were used to study the effects of 405-nm LED on C. sakazakii resistance. The transcription levels of ten tolerance-associated genes and changes in bacterial cell membrane were examined to understand the response of C. sakazakii to LED illumination. The results showed that 405-nm LED effectively inactivated C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 with initial concentration from 8 to 1 log CFU/g in PIF and strains isolated from PIF and BRC. Moreover, 405-nm LED could decrease the tolerance of C. sakazakii in PIF to desiccation, heat treatment at 50 and 55 °C, SGF, and bile salt to different degrees, but the resistance to the heat treatment at 45 °C was not influenced by LED illumination. In addition, the transcription levels of the ten tolerance-associated genes measured in the LED-illuminated C. sakazakii cells were significantly downregulated compared with those in unilluminated controls. The damage on cell membrane was confirmed for LED-treated cells by LIVE/DEAD® assay. These results indicate that 405-nm LED illumination may be effective at reducing the environmental resistance of C. sakazakii in PIF. Furthermore, this study suggests the potential for applying 405-nm LED technology in the prevention and control of pathogens in food processing, production, and storage environments.

Modeling Energy LED Light Consumption Based on an Artificial Intelligent Method Applied to Closed Plant Production System

Artificial lighting is a key factor in Closed Production Plant Systems (CPPS). A significant light-emitting diode (LED) technology attribute is the emission of different wavelengths, called light recipes. Light recipes are typically configured in continuous mode, but can also be configured in pulsed mode to save energy. We propose two nonlinear models, i.e., genetic programing (GP) and feedforward artificial neural networks (FNNs) to predict energy consumption in CPPS. The generated models use the following input variables: intensity, red light component, blue light component, green light component, and white light component; and the following operation modes: continuous and pulsed light including pulsed frequency, and duty cycle as well energy consumption as output. A Spearman’s correlation was applied to generate a model with only representative inputs. Two datasets were applied. The first (Test 1), with 5700 samples with similar input ranges, was used to train and evaluate, while the second (Test 2), included 160 total datapoints in different input ranges. The metrics that allowed a quantitative evaluation of the model’s performance were MAPE, MSE, MAE, and SEE. Our implemented models achieved an accuracy of 96.1% for the GP model and 98.99% for the FNNs model. The models used in this proposal can be applied or programmed as part of the monitoring system for CPPS which prioritize energy efficiency. The nonlinear models provide a further analysis for energy savings due to the light recipe and operation light mode, i.e., pulsed and continuous on artificial LED lighting systems.