Lighting Comfort Research Articles

НАПРЯМКИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПО ПІДВИЩЕННЮ КОМФОРТНОСТІ СВІТЛОВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyse the most promising ways to use natural light in new modern construction projects and in the reconstruction of existing buildings and modern methods of designing artificial lighting and interior design using new sources, taking into account the psychophysiological condition of the human body. Methods. In order to achieve the set objectives, the current standards of lighting environment, design solutions for natural light in workplaces, were analysed and the ecological and climatic conditions of lighting on the example of Dnipro were taken into account. Existing artificial lighting systems were analysed, the impact of lighting levels was considered, as well as sources on the state of human health, ability to work and safety. Topicality. The article considers the problem of improving the safety and comfort of the lighting environment under optimal working conditions, which preserve the health of workers and create the prerequisites for maintaining a high level of efficiency. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to evaluating the hygienic characteristics of light and colour environment, as well as the application of results for the calculation of lighting systems and recommendations for the design and interior decoration of premises for work of high visual complexity. Practical significance. The research results could be provided to ensure safety of workers in the premises, with categories of work of high, very high and highest precision. The importance of the work lies in the need to take into account the complex effect of a light-coloured environment on the state of workers. The research results proved that safe and comfortable lighting should be designed on the basis of a multifactor model that takes into account the exposure of light of different origins at a workplace with obligatory consideration of the impact on human health during work, as well as determining the energy efficiency of workplace lighting

The Practical Effect of Action Intervention Strategy Combined Based on Surgical and Psychological Factors.

This study mainly analyzes the related surgical and psychological factors that cause the change of thirst degree after gastrointestinal surgery, and observes the practical effect of action intervention strategy combined with the two factors on reducing postoperative thirst degree. Based on this, the clinical data of 87 patients who underwent gastrointestinal tumor resection in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 is retrospectively analyzed. The degree of thirst is evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the subjects are divided into three groups: a mild group (n = 29), a moderate group (n = 35), and a severe group (n = 23), and their psychological and surgical indicators are compared and analyzed. The results show that the thirst degree and light comfort of mouth in the study group are better than those in the control group at 2 h after surgery, and there is no significant difference when compared to 6 h after surgery, but the thirst degree and oral discomfort in the control group at 6 h after surgery are significantly higher than those in the study group at 2 h after surgery. It is suggested that an action research intervention strategy with a high practical effect can effectively reduce postoperative thirst and oral discomfort.

Adaptive lighting systems and the method of implementing dynamically adjustable on-demand strategies – conclusions from research

Street lighting is an important aspect of the operation of not just every city ormunicipality but also the operation of the roads and highways in every country.The search for energy-saving solutions has become a ubiquitous number-onetopic and leads to the need for lighting management systems to make lightingmore efficient and economical from a financial and environmental point of view.There are many important needs of cities and municipalities strictly connectedwith the type of roads and areas in cities and their surroundings. Highways,country roads, main city roads, parks, cycling paths and residential areas allhave different requirements with regard to efficient lighting management.Lighting and power schedules, adaptive lighting schemes based on the densityof road usage, dynamically adjustable on-demand lighting which lights up theway ahead of moving objects (vehicles or pedestrians). All of the above areimportant and can help in the achievement of the main goal, which is efficientenergy usage properly managed for the given situation and which will ensuresafety and comfortable lighting for all kinds of roads. This paper is focused ondynamically adjustable on-demand lighting, it proposes a solution capable ofachieving optimal lighting management for cities and surrounding areas.

A Study on the Standard for Indoor Illuminance Considering the Needs of the Elderly : Focused on Five Department Stores and Shopping Malls in Seoul

As people age, they encounter vision problems that affect their comfort and safety; and thus providing comfortable lighting environment is essential. The purpose of this study was (a) to examine a proper level of illuminance for the elderly through a review of the literature and the KS illuminance standard, (b) to recommend a new illuminance standard to accommodate the elderly’s physiological and psychological needs’, and (c) to examine whether cases of five shopping spaces met recommended illuminance standards for the elderly. Although online shopping has increased, popular shopping venues for the elderly remain offline. Through literature review, it was fount that the current KS standard of illuminance for corridor and toilet in department stores is theoretically low and insufficient and a new standard was proposed. On-site measurements of five representative department stores and shopping malls in Seoul, conducted by measuring illuminance of lobby, store, elevator hall, corridor, and toilet, revealed that the illuminance level of elevator halls was particularly below the KS standard, and that of corridor and toilet was below the recommended illuminance level for the elderly. Improving the KS illuminance standard considering physiological characteristics of the elderly is necessary.

Research on Night Light Comfort of Pedestrian Space in Urban Park.

The outdoor light environment significantly affects aspects of public psychological and physiological health. This study conducted experiments to quantify the effects of the light environment on visitor light comfort in urban park pedestrian space. Nine sets of lighting conditions with different average horizontal illuminance (2 lx, 6 lx, 10 lx) and colour temperatures (5600 K, 4300 K, 3000 K) were established virtual reality scenarios. Subjective light comfort was evaluated, and electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured on 18 subjects to comprehensively study the effects of different light environments on human light comfort. The results of the comprehensive evaluation showed that colour temperature had a very significant impact on subjective light comfort, with warm light being generally more favourable than cool light in enhancing human subjective light comfort. The results of the EEG analysis show that the average horizontal illuminance is an important factor in the level of physiological fatigue, and that physiological fatigue can be maintained in a superior state at an appropriate level of illuminance. Based on the results of both subjective and objective factors, a comprehensive analysis was carried out to propose a range of average horizontal illuminance (4.08 lx, 6.99 lx) and a range of colour temperature (3126 K, 4498 K) for the comprehensive light comfort zone in urban park pedestrian space.

Exploring sketches as conceptual data: a semiological experiment on moods visualisation among architectural students

PurposeSketching is a creative skill that most architects develop over their long period of study and is considered an effective medium for communicating imaginative thinking and conceptual ideas in architecture. As a concept, mood is generally associated with imagining specific ambiance and spatial experience during the schematic phase of the architectural design process. While most architectural research on mood revolves around post-occupancy evaluation, colour effect and lighting comfort, few studies have been conducted to systematically investigate conceptual issues related to mood imagination. Besides, there has been little attempt to appreciate sketches as a reliable conceptual data source for architectural research.Design/methodology/approachTo bridge this knowledge gap, this paper explores a semiological analysis of mood visualisation using architectural sketches. By framing the experiment within the architecture education context, the paper begins by discussing the relationship between sketching, mood and semiology in architecture. The discussion continues by highlighting methodological issues in the design of our experiment. The experiment comprised architecture students from undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Following the visual and textual data derived from the experiment, two semiological analyses, namely, mood sign analysis and mood signifier analysis, were conducted to understand their imaginative thinking.FindingsThe results revealed significant preferential differences between the students on the use of specific semiotic representation and design language to conceptualise their mood idea.Originality/valueAs a preliminary experiment, this study constitutes an early attempt to further explore potential research related to architectural sketches and the creative imagination that may be beneficial to designers, art psychologists, educators and researchers alike.

Development of an Integrated Performance Design Platform for Residential Buildings Based on Climate Adaptability

Building energy waste has become one of the major challenges confronting the world today, so specifications and targets for building energy efficiency have been put forward in countries around the world in recent years. The schematic design stage matters a lot for building energy efficiency, while most architects nowadays are less likely to make energy efficiency design decisions in this stage due to the lack of necessary means and methods for analysis. An integrated multi-objective multivariate framework for optimization analysis is proposed for the schematic design stage in the paper. Here, the design parameters of the building morphology and the design parameters of the building envelope are integrated for analysis, and an integrated performance prediction model is established for low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings. Then, a comparison of the performance indicators of low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings under five typical urban climatic conditions is carried out, and the change patterns of the lighting environment, thermal environment, building energy demand, and life cycle cost of residential buildings in each city under different morphological parameters and design parameters of the building envelope are summarized. Specific analysis methods and practical tools are provided in the study for architectural design to ensure thermal comfort, lighting comfort, low energy consumption, and low life-cycle cost requirement, and this design method can inspire and guide the climate adaptation analysis and design process of low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings in China, improve architects’ perception of energy-saving design principles of low-rise and medium-rise residential buildings on the ontological level, as well as provide them with a method to follow and a case to follow in the actual design process.

Studi Numerik Simulasi Robot Pembersih Kaca pada Gedung Bertingkat

Gedung memiliki prioritas untuk menunjang kenyamanan dan kelembaban udara yaitu memerlukan adanya sistem sirkulasi udara dan pencahayaan alami, dimana sistem yang paling banyak digunakan adalah kaca. Pada umumnya proses pembersihan kaca pada gedung bertingkat menggunakan tenaga konvensional yaitu oleh tenaga kerja manusia. Proses ini relative sederhana namun memiliki risiko kecelakaan kerja. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dibahas tentang robot pembersih kaca. sistem kerja dari penggerak roda robot secara langsung, dan sistem pengendalian menggunakan kontrol PID. Tuning PID menggunakan metode ZiglerNichols dan Find Tuning dengan Simulink. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Kontroler PID menggunakan metode Zigler Nichols, maka diperoleh nilai Kp = 0,01446, Ki = 0,0000026 , dan Kd = 9524,35. Sedangkan perhitungan kontroler PID menggunakan tuning PID dengan simulink, diperoleh nilai Kp = 19,365, Ki = 13,115, dan Kd = 5,699. Sistem kontrol kecepatan roda menggunakan metode Zigler-Nichols tidak menghasilkan respon yang bagus, karena respon yang dihasilkan masih belum stabil. Sedangkan pengendalian PID menggunakan Tuning dapat menghasilkan respon yang baik dengan rise time dapat dicapai dalam waktu 1,39 detik, over shoot sebesar 8% dan settling time yang dicapai sistem adalah 5 detik.

The Role of the Internal Heat Gains for Artificial Lighting on the Energy Performance of Buildings

This paper aims to propose a procedure for calculating the energy performance indexes of buildings considering the seasonality of internal gains due to artificial lighting with a monthly quasi-steady-state energy balance. The proposed methodology evaluates the heat gains due to the integrated natural-artificial lighting system with the Lighting Energy Numerical Indicator (LENI). For the evaluation of buildings’ global energy performance and for some energy services, this contribution cannot be considered constant annually as depend strongly by climate conditions. The effect of daylighting, type of light sources-luminaires, building orientation and shading devices could influence lighting contribution of the internal heat gains. Then, the proposed methodology evaluates the internal heat gains with monthly energy balances. This methodology was applied to the case study of the "Brancaccio" retirement home in Matera (IT) for which the values of the energy performance indexes were compared with the standard normative approach using constant internal heat gains. The results of this work underline the importance of performing a detailed analysis that considers the availability of natural light in the different months of the year, the efficiency of the different lighting systems and their power installed per unit of area as a function of the lighting comfort requirements in the different types of environments.

Lighting Improvement and Space Flexibility using Moveable Walls

This article discusses design of possible connection system by moving the vertical and horizontal construction’ elements. The vertical and horizontal elements are applied to ensure comfortable indoor lighting comfort. This idea is part of sustainable low-technology strategy. The developed mobile facade technology aims to transmit sunlight into the space unimpeded, as well as to improve the building’ performance. This research is preliminary part of the design development in producing flexible space using movable wall and also the need to control sunlight by using dynamic facades. The research method uses application of modeling to create the desired shapes and prototypes for movement design. Applying multiple movable joints and various vertical or horizontal elements will improve lighting conditions. In addition, the application of a movable wall system into design can increase the indoor comfort without reducing the room function.Keywords: dynamic facades; indoor comfort; lighting improvement, moveable walls; space flexibility

Study on the application of PV modules to curved light shelves

There is a growing concern about the skyrocketing amount of energy required for lighting in buildings. Therefore, research is being conducted on light shelves, which are natural daylighting systems. Recent studies have attempted to integrate photovoltaic (PV) modules into light shelves; however, installing the modules on reflectors degrades the daylighting performance. Therefore, this study applied PV modules on curved light shelves to improve both the daylighting performance and concentration efficiency and proved their effectiveness using a full-scale testbed. The main findings are listed as follows. 1) This study proposes a method to apply PV modules to the bottom of light shelves to improve the performance of curved light shelves. 2) The daylighting performance of curved light shelves is superior to that of flat light shelves; however, high curvature angles degrade the daylighting performance. 3) Installing PV modules on the top of flat light shelves saves energy by concentrating light; however, this approach reduces the area for reflectors and hinders the daylighting performance. 4) Installing PV modules on the bottom of curved light shelves saves energy by 6.1%–25.3% compared with conventional light shelves and creates a comfortable light environment.

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE USE OF NATURAL LIGHTING OF LIBRARY PREMISES AND BUILDINGS

The principles and methods of forming a comfortable lighting environment of reading rooms and bookstores of libraries by means of natural light are considered. Examples of the use of the "overhead" system in world practice are given. The factors influencing the quality of natural lighting of library premises and buildings are determined.

Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors as a Factor to Create a Comfortable Lighting Environment in Working Premises of Office Buildings: A Review

The article deals with system of supplementary artificial lighting of working premises in office buildings. It is noted, that for the time being the construction and commission of office building in majority of world’s countries increase, creating jobs for many people, which work as office personal. That’s why the creating of comfortable indoor climatic environment takes a leading part in the process of architectural and structural design of the buildings in question. The comfort of lighting environment is considered as one of main for man among the environmental problems to be solved in these building. As a results of the scientific study presented, the authors studies that the best solution in this case is to incorporated artificial lighting in supplementary form to increase the total level of illumination of working premises where and when it is necessary. The authors noted, that for the scientific investigations of the kind considered, the best method of the field study was an internationally – adopted method of subjective expert appraisal of the indoor lighting environment.

Ambient-task combined lighting to regulate autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels without compromising subjective comfort to lighting

BackgroundAlthough evidence of both beneficial and adverse biological effects of lighting has accumulated, biologically favorable lighting often does not match subjectively comfortable lighting. By controlling the correlated color temperature (CCT) of ambient lights, we investigated the feasibility of combined lighting that meets both biological requirements and subjective comfort.MethodsTwo types of combined lightings were compared; one consisted of a high-CCT (12000 K) light-emitting diode (LED) panel as the ambient light and a low-CCT (5000 K) LED stand light as the task light (high-low combined lighting), and the other consisted of a low-CCT (4500 K) LED panel as the ambient light and the same low-CCT (5000 K) stand light as the task light (low-low combined lighting) as control. Ten healthy subjects (5 young and 5 elderly) were exposed to the two types of lighting on separate days. Autonomic function by heart rate variability, psychomotor performances, and subjective comfort were compared.ResultsBoth at sitting rest and during psychomotor workload, heart rate was higher and the parasympathetic index of heart rate variability was lower under the high-low combined lighting than the low-low combined lighting in both young and elderly subject groups. Increased psychomotor alertness in the elderly and improved sustainability of concentration work performance in both age groups were also observed under the high-low combined lighting. However, no significant difference was observed in the visual-analog-scale assessment of subjective comfort between the two types of lightings.ConclusionsHigh-CCT ambient lighting, even when used in combination with low-CCT task lighting, could increase autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels without compromising subjective comfort. This finding suggests the feasibility of independent control of ambient and task lighting as a way to achieve both biological function regulation and subjective comfort.

Studies on visual health features of luminous environment in college classrooms

The light environments have an impact on the physiological and psychological environment by means of light and color to a certain degree, thereby affecting the visual health features. This study proposed to utilize a new index derived from clinical medicine, i.e., the root mean square contrast of ambient luminance to evaluate light environments. We explored the correlation among the RMS contrast and visual health features under non-glare conditions, so as to obtain the optimal luminance contrast range for visual health. We use visual task evaluation and physiological evaluation to represent visual health features. Eye-tracking glasses were utilized to record the physiological data of eyes, and the psychological software of E-Prime 3 was employed to record the efficiency data of visual tasks. Besides, the high dynamic range images were used to record light environment. The feasibility of the light environment evaluation by the RMS brightness contrast of the environment in the field of vision is verified experimentally. Through multiple regression analysis, an obvious relationship between the new index and the visual health features was obtained, and the best range of the new index was determined. The RMS contrast was typical within the range of [450,750] cd/m2, which ensures the visual health for good ocular performance and high work efficiency; in the case that this value exceeds 1000 cd/m2, visual health features will be adversely impacted. In this research, a comprehensive light comfort zone was proposed, which could present a valuable reference for the design of the indoor light environments.

Study of daylight optimization for autism school in Cempaka Putih, Jakarta

The Autism school have a specific design’s requirements. Daylight is one of many important factors that help create comfort atmosphere for autistic children in school. Moreover, Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) children tend to be easily distracted by their visual sensory. Most of them have very sensory sensitive against the use of direct fluorescent lighting. The study is aimed to investigate the required illuminance, skylight orientation, skylight opening for comfort lighting that suitable with Autism Children. The results showed certain skylight opening and orientation affect the glare free room, lighting and thermal comfort inside the classroom. The steps of research is as follows: (1) Study the optimum light and illuminance for classroom, (2) Study the size of the opening or skylight surfaces, and (3) Study the optimal skylight orientation and type. The result expected to meet the skylight requirement that help student with Autistic to get education to improve the quality of life and prepare to live independently.

An analysis of indoor environment evaluation for The Springs development in Dubai, UAE

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate The Springs’ indoor environment, one of the iconic townhouse-type residential buildings in Dubai, more efficiently for the integrated evaluation of the indoor environment with the weights of indoor environmental factors such as thermal, indoor air, lighting and acoustic.Design/methodology/approachThe weights of the indoor environment factors were derived for the integrated evaluation to reflect the residents’ preferences. Based on the post-occupancy evaluation (P.O.E.) survey, the weights according to the gender, age group and indoor spaces followed a comparison and analytical processes.FindingsThis paper had found the priority of residents’ needs for each space in The Springs project. In summer, thermal comfort was the most important factor for living room and the master bedroom. In winter, the priority for living room and kitchen was the indoor air quality.Research limitations/implicationsAs it is the first research survey for housing project in Dubai, it needs to be extended to other housing projects in Dubai. To increase the reliability of the weights calculated through this study and the applicability of the integrated indoor environmental evaluation, more in-depth P.O.E. survey is needed with wide range of survey participants.Social implicationsThis paper will help developing guidelines for future renovation based on the comparative analysis among thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, lighting comfort and indoor air comfort.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to analyze the condition of early housing projects in Dubai. The data can be used to increase not only the design quality and marketability of housing projects in Dubai but also the condition of residents’ health status to avoid sick building syndrome from approximately 20 years old buildings.

Instantaneous lighting quality within higher educational classrooms in Singapore

This paper presents a field study that explores lighting qualities within higher educational classrooms in Singapore. Eight classrooms of three types—computer labs, collaborative learning spaces and lecture halls—are studied. Lighting simulation models are calibrated and validated by measurements taken onsite and utilized to generate both instantaneous and annual physical lighting data. A questionnaire survey is distributed to 333 participants to gather subjective responses to current lighting perception. The results show that electrically lit lecture halls present more uniform distributions of lighting environments, while daylit computer labs and daylit collaborative learning spaces present relatively lower daylighting conditions. For daylit computer labs, horizontal illuminance is an effective predictor in terms of controlling lighting levels; For electrically lit lecture halls, the mean luminance of the horizontal 40° band is an effective predictor in terms of subjective lighting comfort.

Construction Of A Psychophysical Scale Of Visual Comfort of Lighting Based On A Neural Network: preparation Of The Experiment

One of the important questions in lighting engineering is to determine the sensation of discomfort from lighting installations. There is no unified psychophysical scale for assessing the visual comfort of lighting (VCL) at any arbitrary distribution of luminance in space. This article considers a mathematical model of the scale based on a neural network (NN) as an ‘expert’ that trained to determine the comfort of perception of lighting depending on the light source’s luminance and background. The experimental data obtained at the lighting engineering department of the National Research University “MPEI” were used to train the NN. The experiment results presented in this article are consistent with the numerical scale for estimating the VCL proposed by Lakiesch and Holladay. A new model allows predicting the sensation of VCL with an accuracy of up to 70 %. This work allows formulating criteria for NN’s input and output parameters to choose a metric for evaluating NN’s performance, such as the confusion matrix, ROC curves, and a metric, such as the probability distribution for each sensation depending on the input parameters. It clearly follows, that amount of initial data is not allowed to make a final conclusion. One more experiment required considering the algorithm used to calibrate the experimental installation, instructions for observers, and the obtained results processing.

Lighting preferences in office spaces concerning the indoor thermal environment

The accurate prediction of the visual comfort zone in an indoor environment is difficult as it depends on many parameters. This is especially the case for large compact urban areas in which the density and shadow from neighboring buildings can limit the accessible daylighting in indoor spaces. This paper investigates the satisfaction range for illuminance regarding indoor air temperature in office buildings and the significant parameters affecting this range in six office buildings in Tehran, Iran. Lighting comfort has been evaluated by a subjective survey (509 total responses) and field measurement. The questionnaires were filled out in 146 and 109 rooms in summer and winter, respectively. The results show that the illuminance should not be less than 550 lx, while illuminance between 600 and 650 lx provides the highest satisfaction level. The satisfaction with lighting level is affected by individual parameters such as age, type of activity, and environmental parameters such as window orientation, external obscurations, and season. A relationship was observed between lighting level satisfaction and thermal condition acceptance, and the overall comfort depends more on thermal conditions than the lighting level.