Lifetime Prevalence Of Eczema Research Articles

Primary care provider diagnosed eczema within electronic medical records from seven canadian provinces.

Most epidemiological research on eczema has largely relied on patient survey data. With the increasing use of electronic medical records (EMR) in primary care, there has been a shift in epidemiological research towards the use of validated case definitions to study disease. Apply a validated case definition for eczema to EMR data from primary care providers participating in the Canadian Primary Care Sentential Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) to determine the prevalence of diagnosed eczema in Canada and describe patient's characteristics including risk factors and comorbidities. Cross-sectional study. EMR data from 1,574 primary care providers in seven Canadian provinces. Patient records were examined for those with at least one encounter with a family physician, nurse practitioner or community pediatrician participating in CPCSSN between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019 (N= 689,301 patients). Primary outcome was lifetime prevalence of eczema. Secondary outcomes were demographics of eczema patients and the association between eczema and various comorbidities. Descriptive statistics revealed a lifetime prevalence of documented eczema of 11.6% overall, 15.1% in those <19 years, and 11.5% in those >19 years. Patients with eczema were more likely to be smokers. Using the Material and Social Deprivation Index we found eczema was more prevalent among the least materially and socially deprived quintiles. In logistic regression, female patients (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.27-1.32) and patients <19 years (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19-1.35) had higher odds of eczema compared to male patients and patients aged >19 years. Patients with comorbidities such as rhinitis (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 2.06-2.17), asthma (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.37-1.43), any allergy (OR, 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.11), COPD (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14) and anxiety (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.63-1.69) had higher odds of eczema compared to patients without these comorbidities. Depression (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98) and obesity (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98) were negatively associated with a diagnosis of eczema. This is the first study in Canada to determine the prevalence of primary care provider documented eczema using EMR data. This study can inform and improve disease surveillance as well as future studies exploring burden of illness, trends or interventions related to eczema care in Canada.

Changing trends in asthma in 9–12 year olds between 1964 and 2009

IntroductionChildhood asthma is a common condition and the prevalence has increased in many countries during the late 20th century. The Aberdeen schools asthma surveys reported rising lifetime prevalence of asthma...

Changes in the prevalence of asthma, eczema and hay fever in pre‐pubertal children: a 40‐year perspective

Surveys of primary schools children in Aberdeen carried out in 1964, 1989, 1994 and 1999 suggested a slowing of the increase in parent-reported wheeze between 1994 and 1999. To assess whether this pattern had continued, questionnaires were distributed to 5712 children aged 7-12 years in the same schools in 2004. A total of 3271 (57.3%) completed questionnaires were returned. As in earlier surveys the results were divided into those for younger children (school years 3-4; age 7-9 years) and older children (school years 5-7; age 9-12 years). Compared with 1999, the 2004 results showed a decrease in the proportion of children with wheeze in the last 3 years from 30.1% to 23.3% (P < 0.001) in the younger group and from 27.6% to 25.1% (P = 0.052) in the older group. There was no significant change in the lifetime prevalence of asthma in either the younger or the older group, but the lifetime prevalence of eczema and hay fever increased by around 10% in both the younger and older groups (all P < 0.001). The differences in the time trends for the different conditions suggest that the causal factors for wheeze and asthma differ from those for other allergic diseases of childhood.

Diagnoses of eczema and treatment for it greatly increased.

The incidence and lifetime prevalence of eczema in England continues to increase. Similar increases have been observed in the estimated number of prescriptions issued for eczema.

Trends in the epidemiology and prescribing of medication for eczema in England.

The prevalence of eczema, particularly in younger children, increased substantially over the second half of the 20th century. Analysis of primary healthcare data-sets offers the possibility to advance understanding about the changing epidemiology of eczema. To investigate recent trends in the recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence, prescribing and consulting behaviour of patients with eczema in England. QRESEARCH is one of the world's largest national aggregated health databases containing the records of over nine million patients. We extracted data on all patients with a recorded diagnosis of eczema and calculated annual age-sex standardized incidence and lifetime period prevalence rates for each year from 2001-2005. We also analysed the consulting behaviour of these patients when compared with the rest of the QRESEARCH database population. The number of eczema prescriptions issued to people in England was also estimated. The age-sex standardized incidence of eczema was 9.58 per 1000 person-years in 2001 and increased to 13.58 per 1000 patients in 2005 (p<0.001). By 2005, eczema affected an estimated 5,773,700 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 5,754,100-5,793,400) individuals in England, who, on average, consulted a general practitioner 4.02 (95% CI 4.01-4.03) times a year. During the study period, the number of eczema related prescriptions increased by 56.6% (95% CI 56.6-56.7), so by 2005 an estimated 13,690,300 (95% CI 13,643,200-13,737,600) prescriptions were issued. Recorded incidence and lifetime prevalence of eczema in England continue to increase. Similar increases have also been observed in the estimated number of eczema prescriptions issued to the English population.

Atopic eczema and domestic water hardness

The environment plays an important part in the aetiology of atopic eczema, but specific causes are unknown. Exposure to hard water is thought to be a risk factor for eczema. We undertook an ecological study of the relation between domestic water hardness and the prevalence of eczema among Nottinghamshire schoolchildren. Questionnaire details of 1-year period and lifetime prevalence of eczema were obtained from parents of 4141 randomly selected primary-school children and 3499 secondary-school children in southern Nottinghamshire. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to link the geographical distribution of eczema prevalence with domestic water-hardness data (four categories). Adjustment was made for potential confounding by sex, age, socioeconomic status, and access to health care. Among the primary-school children there was a significant direct relation between both 1-year period and lifetime prevalence of eczema and water hardness, both before and after adjustment for confounders. The 1-year period prevalence was 17.3% (261/1509) in the highest water-hardness category and 12.0% (94/786) in the lowest (adjusted odds ratio 1.54 [95% CI 1.19-1.99] p for trend <0.001). The corresponding values for lifetime prevalence were 25.4% (384/1509) and 21.2% (167/786; adjusted odds ratio 1.28 [1.04-1.58], p for trend=0.02). Eczema prevalence trends in the secondary-school population were not significant (adjusted odds ratio for highest compared with lowest hardness category for 1-year prevalence 1.03 [0.79-1.33], p for trend=0.46; for lifetime prevalence 0.99 [0.83-1.23], p for trend=0.93). Eczema prevalence in primary-school children increased in relation to chlorine content of water, but the trend across four chlorine-content categories was not independently significant after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to hard water in the home may increase the risk of eczema in children of primary-school age.

Natural history of asthma in childhood--a birth cohort study.

A cohort of 67 babies at risk of developing atopic disorders was followed up prospectively for 11 years. Clinical assessment and skin prick allergen sensitivity testing were performed annually over the first five years. At 11 years the cohort was restudied, symptoms were assessed by questionnaire, and bronchial reactivity (BHR) to histamine was measured. On the basis of skin testing, 35 children were atopic and 32 remained non-atopic. The expression of atopy increased with age. The lifetime prevalence of eczema, wheeze, and hay fever were 46%, 63%, and 56% respectively. The yearly period prevalence of hay fever increased with age, that of eczema declined, while that for wheeze showed a bimodal distribution with a peak before the age of 2 years and a gradual increase thereafter. Of the 21 children who wheezed before their second birthday, most never wheezed again and did not show BHR at 11 years. Of the 21 children whose first wheezing was after 2 years of age, 17 were still wheezing at 11 years and 12 showed BHR. Of the children who wheezed before 2 years of age, 10 were or became atopic, compared with 20 of the 23 children who wheezed at 11 years. These findings suggest that childhood asthma is a heterogeneous condition with atopy being strongly associated with the persistence of wheeze.