Lifetime Diagnosis Research Articles

Self-powered artificial joint wear debris sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator

Replacing the diseased joints with artificial prostheses has long been a common medical mean to alleviate pain or disability, in which the wear debris-induced aseptic loosening is the main mechanism for failure of artificial joint replacement. Timely and in situ detection of the wear debris is necessary to prevent further deterioration of the joint, and provides a basis for the lifetime diagnosis of artificial joint. Here, a self-powered sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was developed for detecting wear debris generated in artificial joint. The TENG with polyethylene film and steel ball was designed into artificial joint configuration and fabricated by thermo-compression, which could in-situ detect the production of wear debris. Furthermore, the dependence of electrical output signals on the amount and size of the debris was investigated, which demonstrated obvious decrease in voltage with the increase in the amount and size of the particles. Finally, the fabricated sensor was tested in joint wear simulator, which achieved the real-time wear debris monitoring. This work expands the application of TENG in artificial joint wear detection, which is expected to promote the development of biomedical sensor and intelligent healthcare.

Lifetime Prevalence and Correlates of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders in Singapore

Introduction: The current study aimed to establish the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, its sociodemographic correlates and association with physical disorders using data from the Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS 2016).Methods: A two-phase design comprising population-level screening of psychotic symptoms using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 psychosis screen followed by clinical reappraisal based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria were used to establish the prevalence.Results: A total of 6,126 respondents completed the first phase of the study, giving a response rate of 69.5%. 5.2% (n = 326) of respondents endorsed at least one symptom in the psychosis screen. After the phase two clinical reappraisal interviews and adjusting for false-negative rate, the corrected prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders was 2.3% (95% CI: 2.3–2.3%). The odds of having DSM-IV schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders was significantly higher among those of Malay ethnicity (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–11.0), and those who were unemployed (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.2–15.9). 80.4% of those with a psychotic disorder had consulted a doctor or a mental health professional for their symptoms.Conclusions: Our results indicate that approximately 2.3% of Singapore's community-dwelling adult population had a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. While the treatment gap of the disorder was relatively small, the severe nature of the disorder emphasizes the need for continued outreach and early diagnosis and treatment.

Factors associated with suicide attempts among Australian transgender adults

BackgroundTransgender, including gender diverse and non-binary people, henceforth referred to collectively as trans people, are a highly marginalised population with alarming rates of suicidal ideation, attempted suicide and self-harm. We aimed to understand the risk and protective factors of a lifetime history of attempted suicide in a community sample of Australian trans adults to guide better mental health support and suicide prevention strategies.MethodsUsing a non-probability snowball sampling approach, a total of 928 trans adults completed a cross-sectional online survey between September 2017 and January 2018. The survey assessed demographic data, mental health morbidity, a lifetime history of intentional self-harm and attempted suicide, experiences of discrimination, experiences of assault, access to gender affirming healthcare and access to trans peer support groups. Logistic regression was used to examine the risk or protective effect of participant characteristics on the odds of suicide.ResultsOf 928 participants, 73% self-reported a lifetime diagnosis of depression, 63% reported previous self-harm, and 43% had attempted suicide. Higher odds of reporting a lifetime history of suicide attempts were found in people who were; unemployed (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.54 (1.04, 2.28), p = 0.03), had a diagnosis of depression (aOR 3.43 (2.16, 5.46), p < 0.001), desired gender affirming surgery in the future (aOR 1.71 (1.134, 2.59), p = 0.01), had experienced physical assault (aOR 2.00 (1.37, 2.93), p < 0.001) or experienced institutional discrimination related to their trans status (aOR 1.59 (1.14, 2.22), p = 0.007).ConclusionSuicidality is associated with desiring gender affirming surgery in the future, gender based victimisation and institutionalised cissexism. Interventions to increase social inclusion, reduce transphobia and enable access to gender affirming care, particularly surgical interventions, are potential areas of intervention.

UTERINE TORSION- AN OBSTETRICIAN'S NIGHTMARE

Uterine torsion rare in human and has been referred to as an 'obstetrician's once in a lifetime diagnosis'. Uterine torsion is a potentially dangerous complication of pregnancy both to mother and to the fetus. Torsion of less than 45 degrees is considered physiological, but rotation of the uterus of more than 45degrees on its longitudinal axis is considered pathological. Dextro-rotation is more common than levorotatory according to literature. We encountered one case as such which was managed at our institute.

Adverse childhood experiences among youth from high-achieving schools: Appraising vulnerability processes toward fostering resilience.

Among youth from high-achieving schools, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were examined in relation to (a) internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence (n = 527), and (b) symptoms plus psychiatric diagnoses-based on multiple annual interviews-in adulthood (n = 316). Also examined were associations for a "Proxy ACEs" (P-ACEs) measure, containing items similar to those on standard ACEs measures without reference to abuse or neglect. Rates of ACEs were comparable with those in other studies; most commonly endorsed were perceived parental depression followed by aspects of emotional neglect. Groups exposed to zero, 1, 2, 3, and 4+ ACEs differed on symptoms in adulthood, with small to moderate effect sizes; in parallel comparisons of P-ACEs groups on Grade 12 symptoms, differences had large effect sizes. In relation to psychiatric diagnoses, comparisons with the zero ACEs group showed that groups with 1, 2, 3 ACEs, versus 4+ ACES, respectively, had twofold and over fivefold greater odds of having any lifetime diagnosis. The odds for internalizing diagnoses specifically were 2-6 times greater for individuals with 1, 2, and 3 ACEs, and 12 times greater for those reporting 4 ACEs. Remarkably, Grade 12 reports of 2, 3, and 4+ P-ACEs were linked to 2-3 times greater odds of a psychiatric disorder in adulthood, and 3-6 times greater odds for internalizing diagnoses specifically. In the future, assessments of ACEs and P-ACEs could facilitate early detection of problems among HAS students, informing interventions to mitigate vulnerability processes and promote resilience among these youth and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Inflammation predicts new onset of depression in men, but not in women within a prospective, representative community cohort

Depression has been associated with increased inflammation. However, only few large-scale, prospective studies have evaluated whether inflammation leads to new cases of depression and whether this association can be found in men and women. Longitudinal data of N = 10,357 adult participants with no evidence of depression at baseline (based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), lifetime diagnoses, and current antidepressant medication) were evaluated for depression 5 years later. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict the onset of depression based on C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC). We used interaction terms and separate analyses in men and women to investigate gender-dependent associations. Based on both markers, inflammation was predictive of new cases of depression 5 years later, even when adjusting for sociodemographic, physical health, health behavior variables, and baseline depression symptoms. As established by interaction terms and separate analyses, inflammatory markers were predictive of depression in men, but not in women. Additional predictors of new onset of depression were younger age, loneliness, smoking (only in men), cancer and less alcohol consumption (only in women). The study indicates gender differences in the etiology of depressive disorders within the community, with a greater role of physical factors in men.

The lifetime prevalence and impact of generalized anxiety disorders in an epidemiologic Italian National Survey carried out by clinicians by means of semi-structured interviews

BackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most reported diagnoses in psychiatry, but there is some discrepancy between the cases identified in community studies and those identified in tertiary care. This study set out to evaluate whether the use of clinicians as interviewers may provide estimates in a community survey close to those observed in primary or specialized care.MethodsThis is a community survey on a randomly selected sample of 2338 adult subjects. The Advanced Neuropsychiatric Tools and Assessment Schedule (ANTAS) was administered by clinicians, providing lifetime diagnosis based on the DSM-IV-TR. Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) was measured with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12).ResultsOverall, 55 (2.3%) subjects met the criteria for GAD, with greater prevalence in women (3.6%) than in men (0.9%): OR = 4.02; 95%CI: 1.96–8.26. Up to 40% of those with GAD had at least another diagnosis of mood, anxiety, or eating disorders. The mean score of SF-12 in people with GAD was 32.33 ± 6.8, with a higher attributable burden than in other conditions except for major depressive disorder.ConclusionsWe found a relatively lower lifetime prevalence of GAD than in community surveys based on lay interviewers and a structured interview. The identified cases of GAD showed a strong impact on the quality of life regardless of co-morbidity and high risk in women, suggesting a profile similar to the one identified from studies in primary and specialized care.

The primary B-cell lymphoma of the breast: a clinical case

В-cell lymphoma is manifested by a variety of forms, which makes it difficult to establish an accurate lifetime diagnosis and has an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, every case of primary B-cell lymphoma of the breast, demands attention close attention of doctors of different specialties. The feature of the presented investigation is B-cell lymphoma, that primarily affects the right breast. This type of breast cancer develops as chronic mastitis, confirming the variety of forms of its manifestation, what cause difficulties in making accurate primary diagnosis.

Association between sensitization and allergic diseases in 7-years-old Korean children.

Sensitization is associated with the exacerbation, severity, and prognosis of allergic diseases in children. We characterized the association between sensitization patterns and allergic diseases. A cohort of 548 children was enrolled from Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) study. Skin prick tests (SPTs) for 18 common allergens, blood tests, and methacholine bronchial challenge tests were performed at age 7. The Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used. The sensitization rate on SPTs was 46.4%. Sensitization to indoor allergens showed an association with symptoms of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.39; 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs], 1.10-5.23), allergic rhinitis (AR, aOR 2.08, 95% CIs 1.42-3.06), and atopic dermatitis (AD, aOR 2.36, 95% CIs 1.24-4.50) in the preceding 12 months. In contrast, sensitization to outdoor allergens was associated with AR diagnosis only (aOR 2.40, 95% CIs 1.30-4.41). The number of sensitized allergens was associated with a lifetime diagnosis and symptoms in the preceding 12 months of AR and asthma, but not with AD or BHR. A higher degree of sensitization to indoor allergens was associated with symptoms in the preceding 12 months of asthma, AR, AD, and that for outdoor allergens was associated with symptoms in the prior 12 months of asthma and AR. The sensitization patterns including allergen type, number, and degree of sensitization are helpful for interpreting the association between sensitization and allergic diseases and identifying the pathophysiologies and diverse phenotypes of allergic diseases.

Excess mortality in depressive and anxiety disorders: The Lifelines Cohort Study.

To examine the mortality risk of current and life-time depressive as well as anxiety disorders, whether this risk is moderated by sex or age, and whether this risk can be explained by lifestyle and/or somatic health status. A cohort study (Lifelines) including 141,377 participants (18-93years) which were followed-up regarding mortality for 8.6years (range 3.0-13.7). Baseline depressive and anxiety disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and lifetime diagnoses by self-report. All-cause mortality was retrieved from Statistics Netherlands. Cox-regression was applied to calculate proportional hazard ratios, adjusted for lifestyle (physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and body mass index) and somatic health status (multimorbidity and frailty) in different models. The mortality rate of depressive and anxiety disorders was conditional upon age but not on sex. Only in people below 60years, current depressive and anxiety disorders were associated with mortality. Only depressive disorder and panic disorder independently predicted mortality when all mental disorders were included simultaneously in one overall model (hazard ratio [HR]=2.18 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.56-3.05], p<0.001 and HR=2.39 [95% CI: 1.15-4.98], p=0.020). Life-time depressive and anxiety disorders, however, were independent of each other associated with mortality. Associations hardly changed when adjusted for lifestyle characteristics but decreased substantially when adjusted for somatic health status (in particular physical frailty). In particular, depressive disorder is associated with excess mortality in people below 60years, independent of their lifestyle. This effect seems partly explained by multimorbidity and frailty, which suggest that chronic disease management of depression-associated somatic morbidity needs to be (further) improved.

The Health and Well-Being of Transgender Australians: A National Community Survey.

Purpose: Transgender, including gender diverse and nonbinary (trans), people experience significant health disparities. We aimed to better understand the health status and needs of Australian trans people to guide resources and health and well-being programs.Methods: This anonymous, cross-sectional online survey utilized nonprobability snowball sampling of Australian adults (18 years and over) who self-identified as trans between September 2017 and January 2018. This descriptive study assessed demographic data, community views on access to health care, health burden, access to health resources, and priorities for government funding in transgender health.Results: Of 928 participants, 37% reported female, 36% reported male, and 27% reported nonbinary gender identities. Despite 47% having tertiary qualifications, the unemployment rate was 19%, with 33% reporting discrimination in employment due to being trans. Discrimination in accessing health care was reported by 26% and verbal abuse and physical assault were reported by 63% and 22%, respectively. Lifetime diagnosis of depression was reported by 73% and anxiety by 67%. Sixty-three percent reported previous self-harm and 43% had attempted suicide. Autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were reported by 15% and 11%, respectively. The most preferred method of receiving health information was through online resources, with the most popular source being Reddit, an online peer discussion board. Better training for doctors in trans health issues was the top priority for government funding.Conclusions: Barriers, including widespread discrimination and unemployment, contribute to health inequity and prevalent mental health conditions. Better training for health professionals in the provision of safe, gender-affirming and general health care for trans people is urgently required.

Elevated Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Perpetrators of Domestic Violence

Background: Domestic violence (DV) is a major health problem. To date, the “fight” behavior manifested by perpetrators of domestic violence (PDV) has largely been attributed to psychosocial causes, with little emphasis given to biological antecedents. Since cytokines can modulate brain processing and have been associated with human aggression, we postulated that changes in cytokine levels may have a role in the pathology of DV. Methods: We obtained cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) as well as plasma samples from PVD with and without a diagnosis of alcohol dependence, as well as alcoholics and healthy controls without a history of DV. The presence or absence of violence as well as a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD were analyzed as independent variables and alcohol dependence was a covariate. Findings: Patients with a history of DV had significantly higher CSF concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 than the non-violent controls. The IL-6 effect was driven by an interaction of perpetrator status and a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. There were no correlations between the cytokine levels present in the CSF and those in the plasma. Interpretation: Our results, add to a growing literature indicating that cytokines have a role in psychopathology. The interaction between IL-6 and PTSD suggests that trauma may alter the production of cytokines, and thereby modulate the neuropathways that facilitate fight behavior. Fight behavior conveys survival benefit in war but becomes pathological in the home-setting with devastating consequences. Funding Statement: This research was supported by the Intramural NIAAA research program. Declaration of Interests: All authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the NIH Institutional Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent before participation.

Lifetime diagnosis of carnivore plague

Main problem: Until now the problem of intravital direct diagnosis of canine plague (Kara's disease), aimed at detecting the viral antigen in the secretions and excretions of sick animals, remains urgent. In the case of the disease of carnivorous dogs, the issue of reliable intravital diagnosis is more urgent, since the plague of carnivores in dogs is treated. Lifetime diagnosis of this disease by methods applicable in veterinary clinics is preferable, since in the case of timely and correct diagnosis, therapeutic measures will be more effective. Purpose: To improve the system of antiepizootic measures against canine plague among dogs in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods: Analysis of data from private veterinary clinics reporting on the incidence of small domestic animals was used. Various serological methods were used. Differential diagnosis from infectious hepatitis in dogs was carried out by means of CBR, DPR, from parvovirus enteritis - by HIR with cat erythrocytes. To check the specificity of reactions and determine the concentration of the test material, excluding false positive results, samples of pathological material obtained from dogs with various infectious diseases, as well as those obtained from healthy intact animals, were examined. Results and their significance: The use of a complex of various diagnostic methods ensures the diagnosis of plague of carnivores in any form of the disease and at any stage, even in the case of mixed infections, as well as differentiate it from parvovirus enteritis, infectious hepatitis and other carnivorous diseases similar to plague. Valuable in the RAM for the detection of the virus-specific antigen of the plague of carnivorous virus is that it can be used to diagnose the disease in vivo by examining fecal samples and swabs from the oral and nasal cavities.

Does Birth-Related Trauma Last? Prevalence and Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress in Mothers and Fathers of VLBW Preterm and Term Born Children 5 Years After Birth.

Previous research suggests that the birth of a preterm child with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g) can be traumatic for both parents and lead to short-term consequences like clinical levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or even to the development of a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about possible mid- and long-term psychological consequences in affected parents. The purpose of this study were (a) to examine the prevalence of parental birth-related PTSS and PTSD in a group of parents with VLBW preterm infants compared to parents of full-term infants 5 years after birth and (b) to investigate potential associations with risk factors for parental PTSS at 5 years postpartum. Perinatal factors (VLBW preterm or term, perceived stress during birth), psychological factors (perceived social support and PTSS 4–6 weeks postpartum, psychiatric lifetime diagnosis) and sociodemographic characteristics (number of children, singleton or multiple birth, socio-economic status), were included in the analysis. The sample consisted of 144 families (77 VLBW, 67 term birth) who participated in the prospective longitudinal cohort study “Hamburg study of VLBW and full-term infant development” (HaFEn-study) and were initially recruited at three perinatal care centers in Hamburg, Germany. PTSD prevalence and PTSS of mothers and fathers were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), social support with the Questionnaire of Social Support (SOZU-K-22), and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID-I). Data were analyzed by hierarchic multiple regression analyses. Results showed that 5 years after birth none of the parents fulfilled the criteria for a birth-related PTSD diagnosis. For mothers, postnatal PTSS and a VLBW preterm birth significantly predicted PTSS 5 years postpartum. For fathers, psychiatric lifetime diagnosis and postnatal PTSS significantly predicted PTSS 5 years after birth. Early identification of parents with higher risk of PTSS, especially after VLBW preterm birth, and their clinical needs seems beneficial to reduce the risk of long-term consequences. More research is needed on the paternal perspective and on potential effects of preterm birth on both parents and their children's mental health outcomes.

The Influence of Workload and Work Flexibility on Work-Life Conflict and the Role of Emotional Exhaustion.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between contextual work-related factors in terms of job demands (workload—WL) and job resources (work flexibility—WF), work–life conflict (WLC) and the burnout dimension emotional exhaustion (EE) in a large population-based sample. Building on the job demands resources model (JDRM), we have developed the hypothesis that WL has an indirect effect on EE that is mediated by WLC. We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Dresden Burnout Study (DBS, N = 4246, mean age (SD) = 42.7 years (10.5); 36.4% male). Results from structural equation modelling revealed that EE is positively associated with WL (β = 0.15, p = 0.001) and negatively associated with WF (β = −0.13, p = 0.001), also after accounting for potential confounding variables (demography, depressive symptoms, and lifetime diagnosis of burnout). Both effects are mediated by WLC (β = 0.18; p = 0.001 and β = 0.08; p = 0.001, respectively) highlighting the important role of WLC in employee health. In summary, WF may help to reduce burnout symptoms in employees, whereas WL may increase them. Study results suggest that both associations depend on WLC levels.

Depression polygenic scores are associated with major depressive disorder diagnosis and depressive episode in Mexican adolescents

• We examine prediction from a genetic score to depression in Mexican youth. • A polygenic risk score for depression predicted phenotypic depression. • The polygenic risk score accounted for 1.5–2.5% of the variance in depression. • Gene by environment interactions with adversity were not observed. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have uncovered genetic variants associated with depression; however, most of this work has been limited to adults of European ancestry. We investigated the ability of depression polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict both lifetime and past year major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis and major depressive episode (MDE) in a sample of adolescents with admixed ancestry from Mexico City, and explored whether adverse life events moderated these relations. The study sample consisted of adolescents aged 12–17 ( N = 1,123) who were interviewed and genotyped as part of a general population survey on adolescent mental health. PRS for depression were derived using summary statistics from a large-scale discovery genome-wide association study conducted on depressive symptoms that included over 800,000 individuals of European ancestry (Howard et al., 2019). Higher depression PRS were associated with a greater likelihood of both past year MDD and MDE and lifetime MDE, accounting for 1.5–2.5% of the variance in these outcomes. Adversity did not moderate the relationship between depression PRS and lifetime or past year MDD or MDE. This study is cross-sectional. As such, some participants might have experienced MDD/MDE after the interview. In addition, our sample comprised only Mexican youth and thus, findings may not generalize to other populations. Our results indicate that depression PRS derived from a European ancestry GWAS are associated with MDD and MDE risk among Mexican adolescents and have the potential to aid in the identification of youth who may be genetically prone to depression.

Psychopathology, disordered eating, and impulsivity in patients seeking bariatric surgery.

Most patients who undergo bariatric surgery experience significant weight loss and improvements in obesity-related co-morbidities in the first 6-18 months after surgery. However, 20%-30% of patients experience suboptimal weight loss or significant weight regain within the first few postoperative years. Psychosocial functioning may contribute to suboptimal weight loss and/or postoperative psychosocial distress. Assess psychosocial functioning, eating behavior, and impulsivity in patients seeking bariatric surgery. Two university hospitals. Validated interviews and questionnaires. Impulsivity assessed via computer program. The present study included a larger (n = 300) and more racially diverse (70% non-White) sample than previous studies of these relationships. Forty-eight percent of participants had a current psychiatric diagnosis and 78% had at least 1 lifetime diagnosis. Anxiety disorders were the most common current diagnosis (25%); major depressive disorder was the most common lifetime diagnosis (44%). Approximately 6% of participants had a current alcohol or substance use disorder; 7% had a positive drug screen before surgery. A current psychiatric diagnosis was associated with greater symptoms of food addiction and night eating. Current diagnosis of alcohol use disorder or a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorders was associated with higher delay discounting. The study identified high rates of psychopathology and related symptoms among a large, diverse sample of bariatric surgery candidates. Psychopathology was associated with symptoms of disordered eating and higher rates of delay discounting, suggesting impulse control issues.

The influence of child maltreatment on substance or alcohol use in 30-year-old adults: A birth cohort study.

Retrospective studies have shown a strong association between experiencing maltreatment in childhood and subsequent illicit substance or alcohol use. Prospective studies are rarer, with limited data following subjects into adulthood. We report findings from a prospective record-linkage analysis, which examines whether notified and/or substantiated child maltreatment is associated with substance (SUD) or alcohol use disorders (AUD) in early adulthood when participants are 30 years old. We linked data from a statutory child protection agency of prospectively notified and substantiated child maltreatment to a survey of a birth cohort recruited from the main maternity hospital of Brisbane. The main outcomes were 30-day and lifetime diagnoses of SUD or AUD at 30-year follow-up as measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Auto version. Of the 2861 people at the 30-year follow-up, 103 (3.6%) had a history of agency-substantiated maltreatment by 16 years. On adjusted analyses, AUD in the previous 30 days or lifetime SUD were both significantly associated with childhood maltreatment. Of maltreatment subtypes, 30-day AUD at 30 years of age was particularly associated with physical and emotional abuse while SUD was associated with sexual maltreatment. Recurring or multiple forms of abuse had the worst outcomes. Child maltreatment, especially involving physical and sexual abuse, predicts AUD and SUD that extends to people in their 30s. Children with more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk. Further research may help to identify possible predictors of long-term outcomes of child maltreatment.

The association of mental disorders with perceived social support, and the role of marital status: results from a national cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundThis study investigated whether (i) mental disorders were associated with perceived social support and its subcomponents, (ii) current marital status was related to perceived social support, and (iii) ‘Married’ status influenced the relationship between mental state and perceived social support.MethodsData from a cross-sectional national survey comprising 6126 respondents were used. Lifetime diagnosis for five mental disorders was assessed with a structured questionnaire. Perceived social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) that provides Global and subscale scores for Significant Other, Family and Friends. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to address the research questions with MSPSS score as the dependent variable. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to test mediation by marital status.ResultsAll mental disorders included in the study, except alcohol use disorder (AUD), were significantly and negatively associated with Global MSPSS scores. After controlling for sociodemographic factors and chronic physical illness, major depressive disorder (β = - 0.299, 95% CI: -0.484 – -0.113, p = 002) and having any of the five mental disorders (β = - 0.133, 95% CI: -0.254 – -0.012, p = 032) were negatively associated with support from Significant Other, while support from Family and Friends was lower among all disorders, except AUD. Being married was positively associated with perceived social support in people with and without mental disorders. Results of the SEM partially support mediation by mental state - perceived social support relationship by ‘Married’ status.ConclusionHaving mental disorders was associated with lower perceived social support. Being married has potential to influence this relationship.

Psychosocial and biological risk factors of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a TRAILS report

Anxiety disorders are a common problem in adolescent mental health. Previous studies have investigated only a limited number of risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders concurrently. By investigating multiple factors simultaneously, a more complete understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders can be reached. Therefore, we assessed preadolescent socio-demographic, familial, psychosocial, and biological factors and their association with the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescence. This study was conducted among 1584 Dutch participants of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Potential risk factors were assessed at baseline (age 10–12), and included socio-demographic (sex, socioeconomic status), familial (parental anxiety and depression), psychosocial (childhood adversity, temperament), and biological (body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol) variables. Anxiety disorders were assessed at about age 19 years through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with onset of anxiety disorder as a dependent variable and the above-mentioned putative risk factors as predictors. Of the total sample, 25.7% had a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder at age 19 years. Anxiety disorders were twice as prevalent in girls as in boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR = 2.38, p < .01), parental depression and anxiety (OR = 1.34, p = .04), temperamental frustration (OR = 1.31, p = .02) and low effortful control (OR = 0.76, p = .01) independently predicted anxiety disorders. We found no associations between biological factors and anxiety disorder. After exclusion of adolescents with an onset of anxiety disorder before age 12 years, being female was the only significant predictor of anxiety disorder. Being female was the strongest predictor for the onset of anxiety disorder. Psychological and parental psychopathology factors increased the risk of diagnosis of anxiety, but to a lesser extent. Biological factors (heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, and BMI), at least as measured in the present study, are unlikely to be useful tools for anxiety prevention and intervention strategies.