Lifestyle Score Research Articles

Spicy food consumption and risk of vascular disease: Evidence from a large-scale Chinese prospective cohort of 0.5 million people.

Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. During a median follow-up time of 12.1years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2days/week (hazard ratio [HR]=0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P<0.001), 3-5days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P=0.003), and 6-7days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P=0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week (Ptrend<0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD (Ptrend=0.011) and MCEs (Ptrend=0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD (Pinteraction=0.037). Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.

Lifestyle factors and their relative contributions to longitudinal progression of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundThe role of lifestyle factors and their relative contributions to the development and mortality of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) remains unclear.MethodsA study was conducted with 357,554 UK Biobank participants. CRMM was defined as the coexistence of two or three cardio-renal-metabolic diseases (CRMDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prospective study examined the associations of individual and combined lifestyle scores (diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration and social connection) with longitudinal progression from healthy to first cardio-renal-metabolic disease (FCRMD), then to CRMM, and ultimately to death, using a multistate model. Subsequently, quantile G-computation was employed to assess the relative contribution of each lifestyle factor.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.62 years, lifestyle played crucial role in all transitions from healthy to FCRMD, then to CRMM, and ultimately to death. The hazard ratios (95% CIs) per score increase were 0.91 (0.90, 0.91) and 0.90 (0.89, 0.91) for healthy to FCRMD, and for FCRMD to CRMM, and 0.84 (0.83, 0.86), 0.87 (0.86, 0.89), and 0.90 (0.88, 0.93) for mortality risk from healthy, FCRMD, and CRMM, respectively. Among the seven factors, smoking status contributed to high proportions for the whole disease progression, accounting for 19.88–38.10%. High-risk diet contributed the largest proportion to the risk of transition from FCRMD to CRMM, with 22.53%. Less-frequent social connection contributed the largest proportion to the risk of transition from FCRMD to death, with 28.81%. When we further consider the disease-specific transitions, we find that lifestyle scores had slightly stronger associations with development to T2D than to CVD or CKD.ConclusionsOur study indicates that a healthy lifestyle may have a protective effect throughout the longitudinal progression of CRMM, informing more effective management and treatment. Smoking status, diet, and social connection played pivotal roles in specific disease transitions.

Prevalence of Unhealthy Lifestyles and Its Correlates Among College-Going Students in Rishikesh, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have a significant impact on health concerns. The transition from school to college coincides with various stressors,affecting student health. The objective was to assess the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among college-going students and examine the association of composite lifestyle scores with selected demographic variables. Methods All undergraduate colleges of Rishikesh were included in the study. Cluster sampling with a population proportionate to size was used to select the participants. A structured questionnaire was administered using Google Forms or pen and paper. Index values for each lifestyle activity were added together to get a lifestyle composite score. An unhealthy lifestyle was considered with a score below 40. Association with risk factors was analyzed using a chi-square test and logistic regression. Results Among 742 participants, 166 (22.4%)lived an unhealthy lifestyle with a lifestyle score of <40. The majority of participants were either underweight or above normal weight. An unhealthy lifestyle was prevalent among fourth-year professional students (7; 58.5%), medical (33; 32%), dental (27; 34.6%), hosteller (79; 36%), and BSc Nursing (21; 56.8%)students. BSc Nursing course (AOR: 11.09; 95% CI: 1.17-104.74) and favorable attitude (AOR: 0.74; 95 % CI: 0.59- 0.93) were significant correlates of unhealthy lifestyles. Conclusion The current study indicates that nearly one-fourth of college students have unhealthy lifestyles. Four factors, i.e., health science stream, advancing professional year, hosteller, and unfavorable attitude towardhealth, were significantly associated with unhealthy lifestyles after adjusting for covariates.

Association of dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) with chronic migraine in women: a cross-sectional study

Due to more frequent and intense attacks, chronic migraine (CM) sufferers usually report more disability compared to patients with episodic migraine (EM). There is increasing evidence that points to inflammatory diet and lifestyle as a probable underlying cause of migraine. The present study investigated the association of dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores (DLIS) with the odds of CM in Iranian women. In the current study, 285 women with migraine enrolled. Migraine was diagnosed by a single neurologist based on the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III). The women were categorized into CM and EM groups based on their attack frequency per month. Adherence to the dietary inflammation score (DIS), Lifestyle Inflammatory Score (LIS), and DLIS (DIS + LIS) was assessed based on last year’s dietary intakes collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Odds Ratio (OR) for CM across the DIS, LIS, and DLIS tertiles were assessed through logistic regression. Most of the participants were overweight or obese (74.4%). The percentage of women with CM was 40.7%. Women with CM had significantly higher DIS (P = 0.002) and DLIS (P = 0.04) than women with EM. There was a significant positive association between CM and DIS. Those in the third tertile of the DIS had almost two times higher chance of experiencing chronic migraine compared with those in the first tertile [OR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.06–3.82; P = 0.03]. the P-value for the trend also was significant (0.03). In terms of LIS and DLIS tertiles, no significant association was observed. Adherence to the more inflammatory diets was associated with higher chances of experiencing CM in women.

Adverse childhood experience, adopting a healthy lifestyle in adulthood, and risk of cardiovascular diseases

BackgroundBoth adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and lifestyle factors have been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in later life, but whether and to what extent adherence to a healthy lifestyle in adulthood can offset the increased cardiovascular risk associated with ACEs is unclear. We aimed to determine whether and to what extent adopting to a healthy lifestyle in adulthood can offset the risk of CVDs in individuals according to their ACEs. MethodsA prospective cohort study included 143,869 participants aged 38–72 years, free of CVDs at baseline from the UK Biobank. The history of ACEs was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Screener. Participants were divided into three risk groups based on ACEs: low (no ACEs), intermediate (one or two ACEs), and high (three or more ACEs). A healthy lifestyle score in adulthood was constructed as the sum of four modifiable lifestyle factors (no smoking, adequate physical activity, healthy diet, no obesity), and participants were then categorized into three groups based on this score (unfavorable [0–1 point], intermediate [2–3 points], favorable [4 points]). Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to investigate the association between ACEs, healthy lifestyle, and incident CVDs. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.49 years, 13,373 incident cases of overall CVDs were identified. This included 7521 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD), 6175 cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) and 1813 cases of stroke. Individuals with high ACEs had a greater risk of incident overall CVDs (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, [95%CI = 1.29 to 1.50]), CHD (1.50 [1.36 to 1.65]) and AF (1.18 [1.05 to 1.33]) compared to those with low ACEs. The risk of CVDs decreased moving from unfavorable to favorable lifestyle categories (P for trend<0.001), with the lowest risk observed among individuals with a favorable lifestyle (0.70 [0.66 to 0.74] for overall CVDs, 0.69 [0.64 to 0.75] for CHD, and 0.71 [0.65 to 0.78] for AF). Participants with high ACEs and a favorable lifestyle had a 39 %, 40 % and 47 % lower risk of developing overall CVDs (0.61 [0.48 to 0.76]), CHD (0.60 [0.44 to 0.81], and AF (0.53 [0.36 to 0.77]) than those with high ACEs and an unfavorable lifestyle. ConclusionsHaving a healthy lifestyle in adulthood could substantially attenuate the increased risk of overall CVDs, CHD, and AF conferred by ACEs.

Effect of health lifestyle on the risk of stroke: A prospective cohort study from Chongqing, China

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate the associations of healthy lifestyle factors on the risk of stroke and stroke subtypes, as studies exploring this relationship are limited in China. MethodsThe 22,661 participants in the prospective cohort study in Chongqing, China, aged 30–79 years and stroke-free at baseline completed follow-up from 2018 to 2022. We included seven healthy lifestyle factors, including non-smoking, non-excessive drinking, sufficient physical activity, healthy diet, sleep duration of 7–9 h/d, and standard range of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. The healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on the number of healthy lifestyle factors. ResultsCompared with participants who had scores ≤2, participants with scores ≥6 had an HRs (95 % CIs) of 0.56 (0.34, 0.92) for total stroke and 0.53 (0.30, 0.93) for ischemic stroke. For every 1-point increase in healthy lifestyle scores, the HRs (95 % CIs) for total stroke and ischemic stroke was 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) and 0.86 (0.77, 0.96), respectively. ConclusionsMaintaining multiple healthy lifestyle factors can significantly reduce the risk of stroke. As the number of healthy lifestyle factors increased, the stroke risk gradually decreased. Our findings emphasize the significance of comprehensive lifestyle interventions.

Does Serum Uric Acid Mediate Relation between Healthy Lifestyle and Components of Metabolic Syndrome?

A healthy lifestyle is related to metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to examine the association of components of MetS with lifestyle in a Chinese population and potential mediation role of serum uric acid (SUA) in the association between lifestyle behaviors and risk of components of MetS. Data were derived from a baseline survey of the Shaanxi urban cohort in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in northwest China. The relationship between components of MetS, healthy lifestyle score (HLS), and SUA was investigated by logistic or linear regression. A counterfactual-based mediation analysis was performed to ascertain whether and to what extent SUA mediated the total effect of HLS on components of MetS. Compared to those with 1 or less low-risk lifestyle factors, participants with 4-5 factors had 43.6% lower risk of impaired glucose tolerance (OR = 0.564; 95%CI: 0.408~0.778), 60.8% reduction in risk of high blood pressure (OR = 0.392; 95%CI: 0.321~0.478), 69.4% reduction in risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.306; 95%CI: 0.252~0.372), and 47.3% lower risk of low levels of HDL cholesterol (OR = 0.527; 95%CI: 0.434~0.641). SUA mediated 2.95% (95%CI: 1.81~6.16%) of the total effect of HLS on impaired glucose tolerance, 14.68% (95%CI: 12.04~18.85%) on high blood pressure, 17.29% (95%CI: 15.01~20.5%) on hypertriglyceridemia, and 12.83% (95%CI: 10.22~17.48%) on low levels of HDL cholesterol. Increased HLS tends to reduce risk of components of MetS partly by decreasing the SUA level, which could be an important mechanism by which lifestyle influences MetS.

Healthy lifestyles and better periodontal health: Results from two large population-based surveys.

To ascertain whether healthy lifestyles are associated with periodontal diseases in two large-scale surveys in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey - NHANES) and the UK Biobank. 9854 US adults and 111 679 UK adults were included in the analyses. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS), ranging between 0 and 5, was calculated based on the reported number of healthy behaviours, including never smoking, no heavy alcohol consumption, top third of leisure-time physical activity, higher dietary quality, and ideal sleep duration. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was the primary outcome in both surveys. In the NHANES, periodontal status was assessed through a full-mouth periodontal examination, while in the UKB, only self-reported periodontal status was available. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that the presence of at least 2-3 healthy behaviours (vs. 0-1) was associated with lower odds of overall and severe periodontitis (ORs 0.5, 0.4-0.6; p < .001 and 0.5, 0.3-0.8; p = .003, respectively) in the NHANES, and of bleeding gums (OR = 0.9, 0.8-1.0; p = .092) and loose teeth (OR = 0.6, 0.5-0.7; p < .001) in UKB. This association increased when considering prevalence of 4-5 healthy behaviours (vs. 0-1) in both the NHANES (periodontitis: OR = 0.3, 0.2-0.4; p < .001; severe periodontitis: OR = 0.1, 0.01-0.2; p < .001) and the UKB (bleeding gums: OR = 0.8, 0.7-0.9; p < .001; loose teeth: OR = 0.5, 0.4-0.6; p < .001). Mediation analyses revealed how these protective associations could be partially mediated (1-14%) by differences in biomarkers of systemic inflammation (white blood cells and neutrophils count as well as C-reactive protein). Adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours is associated with a lower prevalence of periodontal diseases within two large population-based samples. This relationship exhibits a dose-response pattern, implying that greater adherence to healthy habits leads to a more significant protective effect against the odds of periodontal diseases. Additionally, our findings suggest that this protective effect is, in part, mediated by reductions in systemic inflammation.

Lifestyle modifies the associations of early-life smoking behaviors and genetic susceptibility with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study involving 433,872 individuals from UK Biobank

BackgroundTo investigate whether and what lifestyle factors in later life modify the associations of early-life smoking behaviors and genetic susceptibility with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MethodsIn the UK Biobank, in utero tobacco exposure (n=354,493) and age of smoking initiation (n=353,557) were self-reported. A composite lifestyle score was calculated based on diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep duration, and BMI. Hazard ratio (HR) and absolute risk difference (ARD) were used to estimate the associations of early-life smoking behaviors and genetic risk with incident T2D, as well as the effect modification of the lifestyle score. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 14.6 years, the HRs (95% CIs) of T2D for in utero tobacco exposure, and smoking initiation in adulthood, adolescence, and childhood, compared with no smoking behavior, were 1.19 (1.16-1.23), 1.34 (1.29-1.39), 1.58 (1.53-1.64), 2.22 (2.11-2.32), respectively (P for trend<0.001). Early-life smoking behaviors and high genetic risk (vs no smoking behavior and low genetic risk) were associated with a 302%-593% higher T2D risk (P for additive interaction<0.05). Compared to participants with early-life smoking behaviors, high genetic risk, and an unfavorable lifestyle, those who adhered to a favorable lifestyle had a lower T2D risk in all subgroups (HRs from 0.05 to 0.36 and ARD from -14.97% to -9.51%), with the highest ARD attributable to lifestyle in participants with early-life smoking behaviors and high genetic risk. ConclusionsThe T2D risk associated with early-life smoking behaviors and genetic risk was modified by a favorable lifestyle.

Assessing the relationship between lifestyle factors and mental health outcomes among Afghan university students

BackgroundLifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, and sleep can impact university students' mental health. This study examined the associations between lifestyle and mental health among students at Herat University in Afghanistan. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 677 students selected through stratified random sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, physical health, dietary habits, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyzed the relationships between lifestyle factors and DASS-42 scores. ResultsPoor perceived health and irregular breakfast consumption were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety. Low vegetable intake also increases the odds of depression and anxiety. Studying non-medical fields and irregular sleep patterns were linked to higher stress levels. ConclusionComprehensive health promotion and targeted interventions addressing dietary habits, sleep, and discipline-specific needs may improve the mental well-being of university students. A multidimensional approach is required to foster a healthy campus environment.

Dual-trajectory of TyG levels and lifestyle scores and their associations with ischemic stroke in a non-diabetic population: a cohort study

BackgroundThe Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been implicated in the risk of ischemic stroke. However, the interplay between TyG levels, lifestyle factors, and their collective impact on stroke risk in non-diabetic populations remains inadequately explored. This study aims to evaluate the association of ischemic stroke with the joint development of the TyG index and lifestyle in the non-diabetic population.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, data was collected across three consecutive biennial surveys of the Kailuan Study from 2006 to 2011. The dual-trajectory model was used to determine the temporal development of TyG levels and lifestyle scores. Statistical analysis involved Cox regression models to evaluate the association between TyG-lifestyle trajectories and ischemic stroke risk, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 44,403 participants were included, with five distinct TyG levels and lifestyle scores trajectory subtypes identified. In the multivariable-adjusted analyses, significant differences in ischemic stroke risk among the trajectory subtypes. Group 5, characterized by the highest TyG levels and moderate lifestyle scores, exhibited the greatest ischemic stroke risk (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.51–2.18), while group 4, with moderate TyG levels and higher lifestyle scores, demonstrated the lowest risk (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.37), compared with group 3. Participants with elevated TyG levels were at an increased risk of ischemic stroke in cases of pronounced insulin resistance, even with a healthy lifestyle.ConclusionsThis study reveals the significant associations between the identified TyG and lifestyle trajectories and the stratification of ischemic stroke risk among non-diabetics. The TyG index is a valuable indicator for assessing insulin resistance. However, the potential benefits of lifestyle changes for those with significantly high TyG levels need to be clarified by more research to develop more effective stroke prevention strategies.

Associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with hypertension and home hypertension

No study, to our knowledge, has constructed a polygenic risk score based on clinical blood pressure and investigated the association of genetic and lifestyle risks with home hypertension. We examined the associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with hypertension and home hypertension. In a cross-sectional study of 7027 Japanese individuals aged ≥20 years, we developed a lifestyle score based on body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sodium-to-potassium ratio, categorized into ideal, intermediate, and poor lifestyles. A polygenic risk score was constructed with the target data (n = 1405) using publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics from BioBank Japan. Using the test data (n = 5622), we evaluated polygenic risk score performance and examined the associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with hypertension and home hypertension. Hypertension and home hypertension were defined as blood pressure measured at a community-support center ≥140/90 mmHg or at home ≥135/85 mmHg, respectively, or self-reported treatment for hypertension. In the test data, 2294 and 2322 participants had hypertension and home hypertension, respectively. Both polygenic risk and lifestyle scores were independently associated with hypertension and home hypertension. Compared with those of participants with low genetic risk and an ideal lifestyle, the odds ratios for hypertension and home hypertension in the low genetic risk and poor lifestyle group were 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.80) and 2.15 (1.60–2.90), respectively. In summary, lifestyle is important to prevent hypertension; nevertheless, participants with high genetic risk should carefully monitor their blood pressure despite a healthy lifestyle.

Oxidative balance score and associations with dyslipidemia and mortality among US adults: A mortality follow-up study of a cross-sectional cohort.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the association between the oxidative balance score, and dyslipidemia, as well as to assess the mortality risk associated with oxidative balance score in patients with dyslipidemia. We performed a mortality follow-up study of a cross-sectional cohort of 26,118 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. The total oxidative balance score was calculated by 16 dietary nutrients (dietary oxidative balance score) and four lifestyle factors (lifestyle oxidative balance score). Weighted Cox proportional hazard model was applied to determine the relationship between oxidative balance score and all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality within the dyslipidemia group. During a median follow-up of 118 months, 2448 all-cause deaths (766 CVD-related) occurred. A significant negative correlation was observed between total oxidative balance score, dietary oxidative balance score, lifestyle oxidative balance score, and dyslipidemia. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for dyslipidemia were 0.86 (0.77-0.97), 0.80 (0.72-0.91), and 0.63 (0.56-0.70), respectively, when comparing the second, third, and fourth quartiles of total oxidative balance score to the reference lowest quartile (P for trend <0.0001). Increasing total oxidative balance score was inversely associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.99) and CVD-specific mortality (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) in participants with dyslipidemia. Oxidative balance score is inversely associated with dyslipidemia and linked to all-cause and CVD-related mortality, highlighting the potentially protective role of an antioxidant-rich diet against dyslipidemia.

Age-Related Risk of Stroke Following Ocular Motor Cranial Nerve Palsy.

This cohort study aims to examine the relationship between the occurrence of cranial nerve palsy (CNP) affecting the third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve and the subsequent risk of stroke, with a particular focus on the modulating effect of age on this association. We established a cohort of individuals diagnosed with third, fourth, or sixth CNP who underwent national health screening within 2 years of diagnosis from 2010 to 2017. A control group was matched by sex and age at a ratio of 1:5. Participants were followed until December 31, 2019. We use multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between ocular motor CNP and subsequent stroke stratified by age. Covariates including lifestyle, health behavior, underlying comorbidities, and Charlson comorbidity index score were also adjusted. Compared with the control group, the ocular motor CNP group had a higher risk of stroke after adjusting for potential confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23 [95% CI,, 1.08-1.39]). The risk of stroke increased by 8.91 times in individuals with ocular motor CNP who were in their 30s (HR, 8.91 [95% CI, 1.63-48.66]). The risk increased by 2.49 times in those who were in their 40s, 1.78 times in those who were in their 50s, and 1.32 times in those who were in their 60s (HRs, 2.49, 1.78, and 1.32 [95% CI, 1.39-4.45, 1.31-2.42, and 1.08-1.62], respectively). However, for those who were in their 20s, 70s, or 80s, the incidence of stroke did not significantly increase. Our study establishes an association between ocular motor CNP and an increased risk of stroke, particularly in young adults.

Associations of lifestyle characteristics with circulating immune markers in the general population based on NHANES 1999 to 2014

Lifestyles maybe associated with the immune and inflammatory state of human body. We aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between lifestyles and circulating immune-inflammatory markers in the general population. Data from NHANES 1999–2014 was used. Lifestyle factors included leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, HEI-2015), alcohol consumption, cigarettes smoking, sleep hour and sedentary time. Immune makers included C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Generalized linear regression models were used to adjust confounders. Regressions of restricted cubic splines were utilized to evaluate the potentially non-linear relationships between exposures and outcomes. As results, HEI was negatively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), SII (P < 0.001), and NLR (P < 0.001). Cigarettes per day was positively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), SII (P < 0.001), and NLR (P = 0.008). Alcohol consumption was negatively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), but positively associated with PLR (P = 0.012) and MLR (P < 0.001). Physical activity was negatively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), SII (P = 0.005), and NLR (P = 0.002), but positively associated with PLR (P = 0.010). Participants with higher healthy lifestyle score had significantly lower CRP, SII and NLR (all P values < 0.05). Most of the sensitivity analyses found similar results. In conclusion, we found significant associations between lifestyles and immune markers in the general population, which may reflect a systemic inflammatory response to unhealthy lifestyles.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Physical Activity, and Advanced Glycation End Products in Complex PTSD: A Comprehensive Examination of Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk in War Veterans.

As accumulated evidence suggests that individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encounter earlier and more frequent occurrences of cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this study was to ascertain the differences in lifestyle and cardiovascular risk between PTSD and complex PTSD patients. We enrolled 137 male war veterans with PTSD (89 had complex PTSD). The diagnosis was established based on 11th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and cardiovascular risk was estimated by the measurement of advanced glycation end products. Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was lower in the complex PTSD group (2.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.015). Accordingly, patients with complex PTSD had lower healthy lifestyle scores in comparison to PTSD counterparts (50.6 ± 9.7 vs. 59.6 ± 10.1, p < 0.001), and a positive association was noted between MD adherence and a healthy lifestyle (r = 0.183, p = 0.022). On the other hand, differences were not noted in terms of physical activity (p = 0.424), fat % (p = 0.571) or cardiovascular risk (p = 0.573). Although complex PTSD patients exhibit worse adherence to MD and lower healthy lifestyle scores, these differences do not seem to impact physical activity, body composition, or estimated cardiovascular risk. More research is needed to clarify if this lack of association accurately reflects the state of the PTSD population or results from insufficient statistical power.

Change in Healthy Lifestyle and Subsequent Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults: A National Community-Based Cohort Study.

The association between change in lifestyle and cognitive impairment remains uncertain. To investigate the association of change in lifestyle with cognitive impairment. In this study, 4938 participants aged 65 or older were involved from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey for years2008-2018. A weighted healthy lifestyle score was derived from 4 lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to investigate the associations between 3-year changes in healthy lifestyle (2008-2011) and cognitive impairment (2011-2018). Researchers documented 833 new-onset of cognitive impairments more than 20097 person-years of follow up. Compared with those in the persistently unhealthy group, those in the improved and persistently healthy groups had a lower risk of cognitive impairment, with the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 0.83) and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.71), respectively. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between change in lifestyle and sex (p-interaction = .032); the HRs were 0.48 (95% CI, 0.34, 0.69) for the improved group and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.64) for persistently healthy group among male vs 0.81 (95% CI, 0.63, 1.04) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44, 0.92) among female, respectively. This study suggests that improving or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults. Additionally, researcher's findings emphasize the significance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and highlights the potential positive impact of improving previous unhealthy habits, especially for older women.

Association of the oxidative balance score with sarcopenia among young and middle-aged adults: findings from NHANES 2011-2018.

Sarcopenia is associated with oxidative stress. The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is commonly used to assess dietary and lifestyle exposure to oxidative stress. However, few studies in the literature have assessed the correlation between sarcopenia and OBS. This study aimed to assess the association between OBS and sarcopenia among young and middle-aged adults in the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between OBS and sarcopenia based on data from NHANES 2011-2018. Subgroup analyses were performed to observe the consistency of the outcomes, and the stability of the results was tested using sensitivity analyses. The final sample included 5,525 young and middle-aged American adults. A higher OBS was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. In the fully adjusted model, the second (odds ratio [OR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41, 0.94; p = 0.023), third (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.74; p < 0.001), and highest quartiles (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.28; p < 0.001) of the OBS were associated with higher risks of sarcopenia when compared to the lowest quartile. This association was consistent across both dietary and lifestyle OBS scores. Our subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences between the subgroups of variables included in the interaction analysis. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar results. Our study showed that higher antioxidant and lower antioxidant exposure may decrease the risk of developing sarcopenia. Higher OBS scores may indicate greater protection against sarcopenia; however, further clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Association of a Healthy Lifestyle With Ambulatory 24-Hour Blood Pressure Among Chinese Youths: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aims to explore the association between a healthy lifestyle and abnormal ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in Chinese youths. A school-based sample of 1,296 college students was investigated. A lifestyle score was calculated by synthesizing 5 lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and sleeping. The total score ranged from 0 to 5, with a higher score indicating a healthier lifestyle. This score was then divided into 3 categories representing low adherence to a healthy lifestyle (0-2), medium adherence (3), and high adherence (4-5). Abnormal 24-hour blood pressure (BP) was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 80 mm Hg. Abnormal daytime BP was determined as daytime SBP ≥ 135 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 85 mm Hg, while abnormal nighttime BP was characterized as nighttime SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 70 mm Hg. We assessed the associations using the binomial regression model. Mean age was 18.81 years, and 74.5% were women. The prevalence of abnormal 24-hour BP, daytime BP, and nighttime BP are 4.2%, 3.7%, and 9.0%, respectively. We found that participants with a high level of adherence to a healthy lifestyle had a significantly lower prevalence of abnormal 24-hour BP [prevalence ratios (PR) = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.48] and abnormal daytime BP (PR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.52), when compared to those with a low level of adherence and after adjusting for the potential covariates. A healthier lifestyle is associated with a better ambulatory BP profile among youths.

Impact of Caring for A Child With Cancer: Predicting Factors Affecting The Physical Health And Healthy Life Behaviors of The Mother

Purpose: To prevent mothers of children with cancer from developing health problems and suggest effective ways to maintain their health, it is important to accurately determine the problems they face. The aim of this study was to examine the physical health problems and healthy lifestyle behaviors of mothers whose children have cancer. Material and Methods: This methodological, descriptive, and correlational study. The study interviewed 150 mothers whose children were receiving treatment for cancer using three forms: Sociodemographic Information Form, Mothers' Physical Health Form, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II. Independent samples t-test and single way variance analysis (ANOVA) tests were conducted to measure the relations between the variables. Results: Mothers’ age, number of children with cancer, age of child, educational status, income level and marital status were significantly correlated with the survey variables. A model created based on the regression analysis of the relationship among the variables showed that sociodemographic characteristics affected 24.2% of the healthy lifestyle behavior of mothers of children with cancer. Conclusion: Our results showed that physical activity and stress management received the lowest health lifestyle behavior scores. The current findings emphasize the importance of informing mothers about stress management and physical activities during the care of their children with cancer.