Lifestyle Interventions For Prevention Research Articles

Development of a Planning and Evaluation Methodology for Assessing the Contribution of Theory to a Diabetes Prevention Lifestyle Intervention

The benefits of utilizing and measuring application of theory for behavior change programs are numerous, including the emergence of new theories and theoretically bound strategies. Despite recent attempts to make theory use more salient, there remains a dearth of practical frameworks for the development and evaluation of theory-based programs. Without literature documenting how theories have been specifically applied to interventions and their evaluation, health educators may not be well prepared to utilize theory for the design, implementation, or as a focus of the evaluation. Using a case study example of a diabetes prevention program, this article describes how theory was used for the program design and the evaluation and provides a framework for using theory in other programs. Issues discussed include: the challenges in successfully utilizing theory for intervention development and the processes of developing theoretically based instruments.

Themed Review: Lifestyle Interventions Across the Continuum of Type 2 Diabetes: Reducing the Risks of Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease that results from defects in insulin action (insulin resistance), insulin secretion (insulin deficiency), or both. The progressive decline in β-c ell function requires that medical therapy progress from lifestyle interventions for prevention of diabetes to medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone for diabetes management to MNT in combination with glucose-lowering medications that target the multiple pathophysiologic aspects of diabetes to MNT with insulin. MNT also progresses from prevention of obesity or weight gain to improving insulin resistance to contributing to improved metabolic control of glucose, lipids, and blood pressure; however, MNT is important throughout the continuum of diabetes and its medical management. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications.

Lifestyle Intervention for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Evidence exists that lifestyle interventions in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes are effective. The present challenge is to translate the evidence into policies and practices that maximize the potential health benefits for the largest number of individuals. Translational efforts are urgently needed to identify how best to identify individuals for lifestyle prevention efforts, prepare health care systems for treatment delivery, and design public health policies that support healthy weight through healthy opportunities for eating and physical activity.

Evidence in Favour of Lifestyle Intervention for Cancer Prevention with Special Reference to Colorectal Cancer

Evidence in Favour of Lifestyle Intervention for Cancer Prevention with Special Reference to Colorectal Cancer

Costs and Benefits of Prevention and Disease Management

Prevention and long term disease management have been added relatively recently as ‘new’ components of a modern day total healthcare services system. The goal of primary prevention, which includes medical preventive services, lifestyle interventions and screening services, is to maintain a symptom- and disease-free population. Disease management is a systematic post-disease attempt to manage the consequences of a disease. This article focuses on the costs and savings of prevention and treatment for 7 major diseases which accounted for nearly 80% of the deaths in the US in 1990: heart disease, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, chronic bronchitis, influenza and asthma. The potential impact of prevention and disease management on costs, including productivity, represents a significant return-on-investment to society. Differences in the allocation of direct resources, however, make it nearly impossible to find a single suitable cost measure for the relative cost-effectiveness comparisons of prevention, acute treatment of disease and long term disease management. The relevant question may not be so much the relative cost effectiveness or benefits of the components of healthcare, but the benefits that an integrated approach brings to a total healthcare delivery system.

Cigarette smoking-behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1988

Increased trans fat intake has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the effect of trans fat on traditional lipids is known, it's association with LDL particle number (LDL-P), a novel marker of CVD risk, has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between trans fat intake and LDL-P over 1-year among individuals participating in a lifestyle intervention trial.Family members (N = 400, 33% male, mean age 48 ± 13) of patients hospitalized with CVD who participated in a 1-year randomized controlled primary prevention lifestyle intervention trial and had complete dietary data and LDL-P measures at baseline and 1-year. Change in trans fat as a percentage of total diet and mean absolute change in LDL-P at 1-year was assessed using multivariate adjusted linear regression models. At baseline, there was a significant positive correlation between dietary trans fat intake and LDL-P (Beta = 37, p = 0.04). For every 1 percent change in trans fat intake there was a 27 nmol/L change in LDL-P (Beta = 27, p = 0.04) over 1-year which was independent of baseline predictors and confounders (age, sex, smoking, statin use, waist size and physical activity; Beta = 30, p = 0.03).A reduction in trans fat intake over 1-year was significantly associated with a reduction in LDL-P independent of potential confounders. Healthcare providers should reinforce the beneficial impact of a healthy diet, and in particular modifications in trans fat intake on improving lipid profiles.