Lifestyle Factors Research Articles

Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, and Nutrition-Related Interventions Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Call for More Evidence Toward Clinical Guidelines.

There is an emerging population of older adults (≥65 years) living with type 1 diabetes. Optimizing health through nutrition during this life stage is challenged by multiple and ongoing changes in diabetes management, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. There is a need to understand nutritional status, dietary intake, and nutrition-related interventions that may maximize well-being throughout the life span in type 1 diabetes, in addition to nutrition recommendations from clinical guidelines and consensus reports. Three reviewers used Cochrane guidelines to screen original research (January 1993-2023) and guidelines (2012-2023) in two databases (MEDLINE and CENTRAL) to characterize nutrition evidence in this population. We found limited original research explicitly focused on nutrition and diet in adults ≥65 years of age with type 1 diabetes (six experimental studies, five observational studies) and meta-analyses/reviews (one scoping review), since in the majority of analyses individuals ≥65 years of age were combined with those age ≥18 years, with diverse diabetes durations, and also individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were combined. Further, existing clinical guidelines (n = 10) lacked specificity and evidence to guide clinical practice and self-management behaviors in this population. From a scientific perspective, little is known about nutrition and diet among older adults with type 1 diabetes, including baseline nutrition status, dietary intake and eating behaviors, and the impact of nutrition interventions on key clinical and patient-oriented outcomes. This likely reflects the population's recent emergence and unique considerations. Addressing these gaps is foundational to developing evidence-based nutrition practices and guidelines for older adults living with type 1 diabetes.

EVALUATING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR PREDICTING SLEEP DISORDERS IN A LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH DATA CONTEXT

EVALUATING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR PREDICTING SLEEP DISORDERS IN A LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH DATA CONTEXT

Efektivitas Peraturan Daerah Kota Jambi Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 dalam Pemberantasan Pelacuran dan Perbuatan Asusila di Wilayah Kota Jambi

The occurrence of criminal acts of prostitution and immoral acts in the city of Jambi is currently widespread. This can also be proven by the existence of cases of prostitution at OYO accommodation located in the city of Jambi. Even though there is Jambi City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 on the Eradication of Prostitution and Immoral Acts, in reality there is still prostitution in the city of Jambi even though the local area has been closed. The aim of this research is to understand and analyze the factors that influence people to commit prostitution and immoral acts in Jambi City, obstacles in implementing the effectiveness of Jambi City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 in Eradicating Prostitution and Immoral Acts in the Jambi City area and efforts to overcome obstacles in reducing the number of prostitution and immoral acts in the Jambi city area. The research method is an empirical juridical research type with a legal sociology approach and uses data sources, namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The sampling technique was purposeful sampling and data collection techniques were carried out using interviews and document studies and data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis. The results of his research are that the factors that influence people to commit prostitution and immoral acts in Jambi City are economic and lifestyle factors, a profitable prostitution business, teenagers having broken home family backgrounds and joining the wrong social groups, the existence of hotels and nightclubs or club. The obstacle in carrying out the effectiveness of Jambi City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 in Eradicating Prostitution and Immoral Acts in the Jambi city area is that criminal sanctions are categorized as light and not as a coercive tool to ensnare perpetrators of prostitution, there is no special authority for the police to carry out criminal sanctions in the Regional Regulation. , there was a leak of information during the raid, the condition of the Youth and Women's Social Home in Talang Bakung was still worrying as it could become a rehabilitation place for prostitutes, there was resistance from the community around the prostitution localization to close the prostitution localization, there was foreign culture coming in such as promiscuity. An effort to overcome obstacles in reducing the number of prostitution and immoral acts in the Jambi city area is that the Jambi City Government closes down the localization of prostitution in the city of Jambi, then carries out socialization of Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 to the people of Jambi city, the Jambi city government and the Jambi City Civil Service Police Unit. coordinating with the TNI and Polri in carrying out raids as well as the role of the community or parents in supervising their children when using cellphones.

Oxidative balance score: a potential tool for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer and its subsites incidences.

The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is commonly used to assess oxidative stress and provides a comprehensive evaluation of dietary and lifestyle-related exposures. However, there is limited research on the association between OBS and colorectal cancer (CRC), its subsites, and complications. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between OBS and the risk of CRC, its subsites, and common complications in a large prospective cohort study. We included data from 175,808 participants in the UK Biobank data sample repository from 2006 to 2010. We evaluated OBS using a scoring system based on 22 dietary and lifestyle factors. Multiple adjustments, including multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression, gender stratification, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis, were performed to fully explore the relationship between OBS and CRC, its subsites, and complications. The mediation analysis was conducted to investigate whether serum albumin, uric acid, and neutrophil levels mediate the relationship between OBS and CRC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a significant negative correlation was found between OBS and the risk of CRC and its subsites (proximal colon cancer, distal colon cancer, and rectal cancer). This correlation was particularly pronounced in male CRC patients. Serum albumin, uric acid, and neutrophil count, which are biomarkers, were found to have a significant mediating effect between OBS and CRC. Our study suggests that higher exposure to antioxidants assessed through OBS (diet and lifestyle rich in antioxidants) may decrease the occurrence of CRC and its subsites.

Inflammation in recurrent miscarriage - a comprehensive perspective from uterine microenvironment and immune cell imbalance to therapeutic strategies.

Recurrent miscarriage, poses a significant challenge for many couples globally, the causes of which are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown the intricate link between uterine inflammation and recurrent miscarriages. While inflammation is essential during early pregnancy stages, especially in embryo implantation, an imbalance can lead to miscarriage. Key inflammatory mediators and an imbalance in immune cells can significantly alter and contribute to recurrent miscarriages. Lifestyle factors like smoking and obesity exacerbate inflammatory responses, increasing miscarriage risks. Understanding the interaction between the uterine environment, immune cell imbalances, and recurrent miscarriages is essential for devising effective treatments. This paper presents the latest data on inflammation's role in recurrent miscarriage, emphasizing the significance of diagnosing chronic endometritis and immune imbalances, offering practical recommendations for treatment and diagnosis.

The Evaluation of Physiopathological and Immunological Exercise Effects During Pandemic and Pathogenicity on Coronavirus COVID-19 (with Considerations and Instructions of Doing Related Physical Activity)

Context: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), also commonly known as the coronavirus, is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus is associated with several challenges, including an increased sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and elevated inflammatory factors and related diseases. Evidence Acquisition: In conducting this research, we utilized the latest articles from prestigious domestic and foreign journals indexed in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results: There are various hypotheses regarding the intensity of exercise and its impact on infection rates. Moderate-intensity exercise is believed to enhance immune function and reduce mortality, whereas high-intensity and stressful exercise may have the opposite effect. When exposed to infection, high-intensity exercise can suppress the immune system, whereas moderate-intensity exercise may reduce inflammation. Conclusions: Therefore, given that exercise affects the strength and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the immune system, it plays a crucial role in reducing complications for patients. Consequently, it can be concluded that exercise strengthens the immune system, reduces inflammation, and creates favorable physiological and immunological conditions to aid athletes in overcoming the virus.

Highly conserved bifidobacteria in the human gut: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum as a potential modulator of elderly innate immunity.

Aging is a physiological and immunological process involving the deterioration of human health, characterised by the progressive alteration of organs and their functions. The speed and extent of such decline are dependent on lifestyle, environment, and genetic factors. Moreover, with advancing age, humans become progressively more fragile and prone to acute and chronic diseases. Although the intestinal microbiota is predisposed to perturbations that accompany aging and frailty, it is generally accepted that the gut microbiota engages in multiple interactions that affect host health throughout the host life span. In the current study, an exhaustive in silico investigation of gut-associated bifidobacteria in healthy individuals from birth to old age revealed that Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum is the most prevalent member, especially during infancy and in centenarians. Moreover, B. longum subsp. longum genome reconstruction and strain tracing among human gut microbiomes allowed the identification of prototypes of this taxon in the human gut microbiota of healthy elderly individuals. Such analyses guided culturomics attempts to isolate B. longum subsp. longum strains that matched the genomic content of B. longum subsp. longum prototypes from healthy elderly individuals. The molecular effects of selected B. longum subsp. longum strains on the human host were further investigated using in vitro microbe-host interactions, revealing differences in the host immune system transcriptome, with a reduction in gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines. These intriguing findings support the potential anti-aging effects of elderly associated prototypes of B. longum subsp. longum.

Bridging gaps in awareness of cancer associated lifestyle factors in adolescents and young adults: an interventional study in Chandigarh

Bridging gaps in awareness of cancer associated lifestyle factors in adolescents and young adults: an interventional study in Chandigarh

Significance of Ayurvedic Cosmetology in Contemporary Context: A Critical Review

Introduction: The human skin, the body’s largest organ, serves vital functions in physical protection and health reflection. However, modern lifestyle factors often compromise skin health, leading individuals to rely on cosmetic products that may exacerbate damage. Materials and Methods: Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medicinal system, offers holistic approaches to skin care and beauty maintenance, emphasizing internal and external well-being. Ayurvedic texts detail various herbal formulations and practices for skin care, including external applications like Lepa and internal remedies such as Vayasthapan Mahakashaya and Varnya Mahakashaya. Results: Ayurveda addresses a broad spectrum of dermatological concerns, including skin and hair care, fairness, stretch mark elimination, foot care, hair coloring, removal, acne treatment, scar reduction, and dandruff management. These treatments are known for their safety, affordability, and high efficacy. Discussion: This review explores Ayurvedic principles and practices relevant to contemporary dermatological challenges, highlighting its effectiveness in skin care and beauty maintenance. Conclusion: Ayurveda presents promising solutions for modern skin care dilemmas, offering safe, affordable, and effective alternatives to conventional cosmetic products.

Associations of combined phenotypic aging and genetic risk with incident cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, but aging rates are heterogeneous across individuals. We explored a new measure of aging-Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)-in the risk prediction of site-specific and overall cancer. Using Cox regression models, we examined the association of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with cancer incidence by genetic risk group among 374,463 participants from the UK Biobank. We generated PhenoAge using chronological age and nine biomarkers, PhenoAgeAccel after subtracting the effect of chronological age by regression residual, and an incidence-weighted overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRS) based on 20 cancer site-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs). Compared with biologically younger participants, those older had a significantly higher risk of overall cancer, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.27) in men, and 1.26 (1.22-1.31) in women, respectively. A joint effect of genetic risk and PhenoAgeAccel was observed on overall cancer risk, with HRs of 2.29 (2.10-2.51) for men and 1.94 (1.78-2.11) for women with high genetic risk and older PhenoAge compared with those with low genetic risk and younger PhenoAge. PhenoAgeAccel was negatively associated with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (Beta = -1.01 in men, p<0.001; Beta = -0.98 in women, p<0.001). Within and across genetic risk groups, older PhenoAge was consistently related to an increased risk of incident cancer with adjustment for chronological age and the aging process could be retarded by adherence to a healthy lifestyle. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82230110, 82125033, 82388102 to GJ; 82273714 to MZ); and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220100 to MZ).

Associations of combined phenotypic aging and genetic risk with incident cancer: A prospective cohort study

Background:Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, but aging rates are heterogeneous across individuals. We explored a new measure of aging-Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)-in the risk prediction of site-specific and overall cancer.Methods:Using Cox regression models, we examined the association of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with cancer incidence by genetic risk group among 374,463 participants from the UK Biobank. We generated PhenoAge using chronological age and nine biomarkers, PhenoAgeAccel after subtracting the effect of chronological age by regression residual, and an incidence-weighted overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRS) based on 20 cancer site-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs).Results:Compared with biologically younger participants, those older had a significantly higher risk of overall cancer, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.27) in men, and 1.26 (1.22–1.31) in women, respectively. A joint effect of genetic risk and PhenoAgeAccel was observed on overall cancer risk, with HRs of 2.29 (2.10–2.51) for men and 1.94 (1.78–2.11) for women with high genetic risk and older PhenoAge compared with those with low genetic risk and younger PhenoAge. PhenoAgeAccel was negatively associated with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (Beta = –1.01 in men, p&lt;0.001; Beta = –0.98 in women, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions:Within and across genetic risk groups, older PhenoAge was consistently related to an increased risk of incident cancer with adjustment for chronological age and the aging process could be retarded by adherence to a healthy lifestyle.Funding:This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82230110, 82125033, 82388102 to GJ; 82273714 to MZ); and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220100 to MZ).

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON OSTEOARTHRITIS MANAGEMENT: INSIGHTS AND CHALLENGES

This study examines how medical sociology intersects with osteoarthritis management, with both the perspectives of individuals affected by the condition and the healthcare system, drawing insights from theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. Two main themes were addressed: gender disparities and the living experience with osteoarthritis. It was found that the female gender is more susceptible to developing knee osteoarthritis due to lifestyle factors and other environmental influences. Additionally, women tend to report pain earlier compared to men, leading to a higher likelihood of seeking medical attention for symptoms. Regarding the experience of living with this condition, important themes such as the refusal to give up, pragmatism in treatment, staying in charge and the care from others were presented, being essential for managing this condition. Additionally, it was discovered that better communication between doctor and patient, the exchange of specific, relevant and sufficient information, contributes to a positive experience during a medical consultation and forms the foundation of a trustworthy relationship between the individual and the healthcare system. Overall, this research shows that managing osteoarthritis is complex and requires personalized healthcare approaches. Keywords: osteoarthritis, medical sociology, gender disparities, living experience, management.

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK IN YOUNG ADULTS: A REVIEW

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, particularly among young adults. Physical activity has been identified as a key lifestyle factor that can help mitigate the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk in young adults. The review discusses the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the various mechanisms by which physical activity can influence metabolic syndrome risk, including improvements in body composition, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and blood pressure regulation. Several studies have demonstrated that higher levels of physical activity, especially moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise, are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome in young adult populations. However, the relationship between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk may be moderated by factors such as sex and socioeconomic status. The review also highlights the need for further research to better understand the long-term impact of physical activity, the optimal types and intensities of exercise, and the development of tailored interventions to promote sustained physical activity and improve metabolic health in young adults. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of encouraging and supporting young adults to engage in regular physical activity as a strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Promoting physically active lifestyles among this population should be a public health priority to address the growing burden of metabolic syndrome and its associated health consequences.

Digital Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Adherence to the Norwegian Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Other National Lifestyle Recommendations: Instrument Validation Study.

Valid assessment tools are needed when investigating adherence to national dietary and lifestyle guidelines. The relative validity of the new digital food frequency questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, against 7-day weighed food records and activity sensors was investigated. In total, 77 participants were included in the validation study and completed the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the weighed food record, and of these, 56 (73%) also used the activity sensors. The DIGIKOST-FFQ estimates the intake of foods according to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in addition to lifestyle factors. At the group level, the DIGIKOST-FFQ showed good validity in estimating intakes according to the Norwegian FBDG. The median differences were small and well below portion sizes for all foods except "water" (median difference 230 g/day). The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to rank individual intakes for all foods (r=0.2-0.7). However, ranking estimates of vegetable intakes should be interpreted with caution. Between 69% and 88% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile for foods and between 71% and 82% for different activity intensities. The Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreements between DIGIKOST-FFQ and the reference methods. The absolute amount of time in "moderate to vigorous intensity" was underestimated with the DIGIKOST-FFQ. However, estimated time in "moderate to vigorous intensity," "vigorous intensity," and "sedentary time" showed acceptable correlations and good agreement between the methods. The DIGIKOST-FFQ was able to identify adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. The DIGIKOST-FFQ gave valid estimates of dietary intakes and was able to identify individuals with different degrees of adherence to the Norwegian FBDG and physical activity recommendations. Moderate physical activity was underreported, water was overreported, and vegetables showed poor correlation, which are important to consider when interpreting the data. Good agreement was observed between the methods in estimating dietary intakes and time in "moderate to vigorous physical activity," "sedentary time," and "sleep."

Long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and body weight: results of representative cross-sectional surveys in adults in Germany.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected people's daily lives and health. Few studies have looked into the persistence of these changes. In the current study, we investigated to what extent changes in lifestyle and body weight were sustained after two years of restrictions. We performed two representative online surveys among adults living in Germany. The first survey (S1) was performed in April 2021; the second survey (S2) in June 2022. The questionnaire focused on changes in physical activity, dietary habits, body weight, and mental stress levels. The data were weighted to optimally represent the general population of Germany. Using Chi-square tests, results were compared between the two surveys, and - per survey - between subgroups based on sociodemographic factors and mental stress levels. Furthermore, binomial logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with weight gain. A total of 1,001 (S1) and 1,005 (S2) adults completed the survey, of which 50.4% were men and 49.6% were women in both surveys. Mean body mass index (BMI) at the time of the survey was 27.4 ± 6.0kg/m2 (S1) and 27.1 ± 5.5kg/m2 (S2). Reduced physical activity was reported by 52% of the participants in S1 and by 40% in S2 (p < .001). Moderate to severe stress was reported by 71% of the participants in S1 and by 62% in S2 (p < .001). Less healthy eating compared to before the pandemic was reported by 16% of the participants in S1 and by 12% in S2 (p = 0.033). Weight gain was reported by 40% of the participants in S1 and by 35% in S2 (p = 0.059). Weight gain was associated with higher BMI, reduced physical activity levels, less healthy nutrition and increased consumption of energy-dense food. Our results indicate that two years and three months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects on health-related lifestyle factors and body weight still existed, albeit to a lesser degree than directly after the first year of the pandemic. Targeted strategies are needed to better support the population subgroups most likely to change their lifestyle in unfavorable ways when faced with disruptions of their everyday lives.

Genetic predisposition, modifiable lifestyles, and their joint effects on human lifespan: evidence from multiple cohort studies

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations across genetic and lifestyle factors with lifespan.DesignA longitudinal cohort study.SettingUK Biobank.Participants353 742 adults of European ancestry, who were recruited from 2006 to 2010 and were followed...

Sociodemographic, Lifestyle and Media Factors Associated with Health Screening: Evidence from Timor-Leste

Preventive medicine plays an important role in combating the surge in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). By using health screening, individuals can prevent and monitor the development of NCDs. This study aims to examine sociodemographic, lifestyle and media factors associated with the use of health screening (blood pressure and blood glucose tests) among adults in Timor-Leste. Data used in this study were derived from the Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 4,264 adults aged between 30 and 59 years were included in the bivariate probit analysis. Results showed that the use of health screening remained low in Timor-Leste. Males, rural dwellers, less-educated individuals, individuals who were in the poorer and poorest wealth quintiles, and unmarried individuals were less likely to use blood pressure test compared with females, urban dwellers, well-educated individuals, individuals who were in the richest wealth quantile and married individuals. Adults less likely to use blood glucose tests were less educated and unmarried. However, the use of health screening was not correlated with a respondent’s lifestyle behaviour and mass media exposure. In short, sociodemographic factors were associated with the use of health screening in Timor-Leste. Policymakers should consider designing intervention measures based on different sociodemographic groups.

Male infertility: an overview of etiology, diagnosis and management

Male infertility, a multifaceted condition characterized by the inability to achieve pregnancy within a partner after a year of unprotected intercourse, affects approximately 7% of men globally. The etiology of male infertility is diverse, including genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, physical obstructions, and lifestyle factors. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the causes, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic interventions for male infertility, with an emphasis on recent advances in genetic and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The diagnostic approach to male infertility involves a comprehensive evaluation, including semen analysis, hormonal profiling, genetic testing, and imaging techniques, to identify underlying causes. Management strategies range from lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments to surgical interventions and ART, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Emerging technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence in semen analysis and the development of novel sperm retrieval techniques, promise to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in improving access to care and addressing ethical considerations in the use of ART. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of male infertility, integrating advances in medical science with considerations of patient well-being and ethical standards. Future research directions include elucidating the genetic basis of idiopathic male infertility, optimizing ART outcomes, and developing personalized treatment strategies. The ultimate goal is to improve the reproductive health and quality of life for affected individuals and couples.

Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who lack traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as young females, are observed to experience adverse CVD outcomes. Whether women with IBD have increased CVD risk after the menopause transition is unclear. We conducted a survival analysis of Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants and excluded those with missing IBD diagnosis, model covariate data, follow-up data, or a baseline history of the following CVD outcomes: coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Risk of outcomes between IBD and non-IBD women was performed using Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by WHI trial and follow-up. Models were adjusted for age, socio-demographics, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, etc.), family history, and lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index, etc.). Of 134,022 WHI participants meeting inclusion criteria, 1367 (1.0%) reported IBD at baseline. Mean baseline age was 63.4 years. After adjusting for age and other confounders, no significant difference was observed between IBD and non-IBD women for the risk of CHD (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73-1.24), VTE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.81-1.52) or PAD (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.28-1.42). After adjusting for age, risk of ischemic stroke was significantly higher (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06-1.88) in IBD than non-IBD women. With further adjustment, the excess risk of ischemic stroke among IBD women was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98-1.76). Among postmenopausal women with IBD, risk of ischemic stroke may be higher than in non-IBD women.

The Unveiling of Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a complex pathological landscape, necessitating a comprehensive treatment approach. This concise review paper delves into the idea of addressing multiple mechanisms in AD, summarizing the latest research findings on pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies. The etiology of AD is multifaceted, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The primary feature is the accumulation of amyloid-- beta and tau proteins, leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. Conventional single-target therapies have shown limited effectiveness, prompting a shift toward simultaneously addressing multiple disease-related processes. Recent advancements in AD research underscore the potential of multifaceted therapies. This review explores strategies targeting both tau aggregation and amyloid-beta, along with interventions to alleviate neuroinflammation, enhance synaptic function, and reduce oxidative stress. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the growing importance of addressing various pathways in AD treatment. A holistic approach that targets different aspects of the disease holds promise for developing effective treatments and improving the quality of life for Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers.