Variation In Lifespan Research Articles

Origins and evolution of extreme life span in Pacific Ocean rockfishes.

Pacific Ocean rockfishes (genus Sebastes) exhibit extreme variation in life span, with some species being among the most long-lived extant vertebrates. We de novo assembled the genomes of 88 rockfish species and from these identified repeated signatures of positive selection in DNA repair pathways in long-lived taxa and 137 longevity-associated genes with direct effects on life span through insulin signaling and with pleiotropic effects through size and environmental adaptations. A genome-wide screen of structural variation reveals copy number expansions in the immune modulatory butyrophilin gene family in long-lived species. The evolution of different rockfish life histories is coupled to genetic diversity and reshapes the mutational spectrum driving segregating CpG→TpG variants in long-lived species. These analyses highlight the genetic innovations that underlie life history trait adaptations and, in turn, how they shape genomic diversity.

Evolution of natural lifespan variation and molecular strategies of extended lifespan in yeast.

To understand the genetic basis and selective forces acting on longevity, it is useful to examine lifespan variation among closely related species, or ecologically diverse isolates of the same species, within a controlled environment. In particular, this approach may lead to understanding mechanisms underlying natural variation in lifespan. Here, we analyzed 76 ecologically diverse wild yeast isolates and discovered a wide diversity of replicative lifespan (RLS). Phylogenetic analyses pointed to genes and environmental factors that strongly interact to modulate the observed aging patterns. We then identified genetic networks causally associated with natural variation in RLS across wild yeast isolates, as well as genes, metabolites, and pathways, many of which have never been associated with yeast lifespan in laboratory settings. In addition, a combined analysis of lifespan-associated metabolic and transcriptomic changes revealed unique adaptations to interconnected amino acid biosynthesis, glutamate metabolism, and mitochondrial function in long-lived strains. Overall, our multiomic and lifespan analyses across diverse isolates of the same species shows how gene-environment interactions shape cellular processes involved in phenotypic variation such as lifespan.

Educational differences in alcohol-related mortality in Spain using multiple causes of death

Abstract Background Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-attributable mortality are commonly studied using only underlying causes of death (UCOD). We aim to assess absolute and relative educational inequalities in alcohol-related mortality, and to estimate the role of alcohol in educational inequalities in both life expectancy and lifespan variation in Spain. Methods We used multiple cause-of-death (MCOD) mortality data for individuals aged 30 and over for Spain (2016-18) by educational attainment. We estimated by sex and educational attainment age-standardized alcohol-attributable mortality rates, relative and absolute indices of educational inequalities; and total life expectancy and lifespan inequality at age 30 for all-cause mortality and after eliminating alcohol-attributable mortality. Results The use of MCOD resulted in an additional 2,543 annual alcohol-related deaths (+75% among men, and +50% among women) compared to estimates derived from UCOD. In absolute terms, the most unequal age groups were those aged 45-84 among men and 45-65 among women. In relative terms, higher inequalities exist in working ages, whereas at older ages inequalities tended to be lower, although still important among men. Alcohol contributed to educational inequalities in life expectancy (men: 0.13 years (3.2%); women 0.02 years (0.7%)) and lifespan inequalities (2.1% and 1.4% for men and women, respectively). Conclusions Alcohol-related estimates derived from MCOD are more accurate compared to estimates derived from UCOD approaches, although these estimates are still underestimating the impact of alcohol on mortality in Spain. Alcohol remains an important lifestyle to be tackled in order to reduce mortality inequalities. Key messages Alcohol-related mortality estimates using multiple causes of death (MCOD) increased the death counts related to alcohol by 75% among men and 50% among women compared to underlying causes of death. This study confirms the role of alcohol on mortality in both mean indicators (life expectancy) and indicators of age-at-death dispersion (lifespan inequality).

Lifespan Extension in Long-Lived Vertebrates Rooted in Ecological Adaptation.

Contemporary studies on aging and longevity have largely overlooked the role that adaptation plays in lifespan variation across species. Emerging evidence indicates that the genetic signals of extended lifespan may be maintained by natural selection, suggesting that longevity could be a product of organismal adaptation. The mechanisms of adaptation in long-lived animals are believed to account for the modification of physiological function. Here, we first review recent progress in comparative biology of long-lived animals, together with the emergence of adaptive genetic factors that control longevity and disease resistance. We then propose that hitchhiking of adaptive genetic changes is the basis for lifespan changes and suggest ways to test this evolutionary model. As individual adaptive or adaptation-linked mutations/substitutions generate specific forms of longevity effects, the cumulative beneficial effect is largely nonrandom and is indirectly favored by natural selection. We consider this concept in light of other proposed theories of aging and integrate these disparate ideas into an adaptive evolutionary model, highlighting strategies in decoding genetic factors of lifespan control.

Modular Evolution of the Drosophila Metabolome.

Comparative phylogenetic studies offer a powerful approach to study the evolution of complex traits. Although much effort has been devoted to the evolution of the genome and to organismal phenotypes, until now relatively little work has been done on the evolution of the metabolome, despite the fact that it is composed of the basic structural and functional building blocks of all organisms. Here we explore variation in metabolite levels across 50 My of evolution in the genus Drosophila, employing a common garden design to measure the metabolome within and among 11 species of Drosophila. We find that both sex and age have dramatic and evolutionarily conserved effects on the metabolome. We also find substantial evidence that many metabolite pairs covary after phylogenetic correction, and that such metabolome coevolution is modular. Some of these modules are enriched for specific biochemical pathways and show different evolutionary trajectories, with some showing signs of stabilizing selection. Both observations suggest that functional relationships may ultimately cause such modularity. These coevolutionary patterns also differ between sexes and are affected by age. We explore the relevance of modular evolution to fitness by associating modules with lifespan variation measured in the same common garden. We find several modules associated with lifespan, particularly in the metabolome of older flies. Oxaloacetate levels in older females appear to coevolve with lifespan, and a lifespan-associated module in older females suggests that metabolic associations could underlie 50 My of lifespan evolution.

Seasonal variability in flower lifespan in common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

Flower opening and closure is a crucial process in pollinator attraction. The duration of flower lifespan, the time between flower opening and closure, represents a trade-off between pollinator attraction and the cost of flower maintenance caused by increased respiration and transpiration rates, particularly when ambient temperature is high. Moreover, flower lifespan can decrease rates of autonomous self-pollination. We examined whether flower lifespan in common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is determined by pollinator availability and/or by abiotic factors such as temperature and day length. Plants were investigated in one study site in East Slovakia during the summer and autumn seasons of 2016 and 2019, respectively. Individual flower opening and closure and pollinator availability were recorded during the flowering season and across various hand-pollination treatments including self-pollination, cross-pollination, no pollination and an unmanipulated control. Flower lifespan was positively correlated to time of the season as well as to lower pollinator abundance. Unpollinated flowers remained open for a longer period than self-pollinated, cross-pollinated and control flowers. The time of the season has stronger impact on flower lifespan than the onset of pollination. Findings in this study indicate that seasonal changes characterized by daytime temperature, day length and pollinator availability need to be taken into account in research of flowering time.

MP19-12 A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION IN THE EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

You have accessJournal of UrologyHealth Services Research: Practice Patterns, Quality of Life and Shared Decision Making II (MP19)1 Sep 2021MP19-12 A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION IN THE EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION Tianran Li, David Crosslin, Ian Stanaway, Aaron Scrol, Arvind Ramaprasan, Gail Jarvik, Eric Larson, Hunter Wessells, and Alexander Skokan Tianran LiTianran Li More articles by this author , David CrosslinDavid Crosslin More articles by this author , Ian StanawayIan Stanaway More articles by this author , Aaron ScrolAaron Scrol More articles by this author , Arvind RamaprasanArvind Ramaprasan More articles by this author , Gail JarvikGail Jarvik More articles by this author , Eric LarsonEric Larson More articles by this author , Hunter WessellsHunter Wessells More articles by this author , and Alexander SkokanAlexander Skokan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002004.12AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects 1 in 5 men in the United States. After diagnosis, we know little about how patients use healthcare resources over time for disease evaluation and management. Leveraging electronic health record (EHR)-based informatic techniques, large cohorts of patients with a common disease state such as ED can be identified and studied longitudinally. We report on the frequency of patient visits for ED over time in an EHR-identified cohort from a regional health system. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted utilizing the Kaiser Washington Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) cohort. This included patients treated at a large regional insurer/health system from 1992-2020. Subjects who had EHR evidence of ED based upon ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes (Dx), ICD/CPT procedure codes (Px), or prescriptions (Rx) were included. Subjects were followed for the duration of their care in the EHR. Data on the frequency and nature of encounters for ED was summarized. RESULTS: A total of 939 subjects were included with a median 26.4 (IQR 18.3-30.4) years of care. The mean age at ED diagnosis was 65 (+/- 10.9) years, and subjects had on average 3 (IQR 1-4) encounters to address ED. The median duration of clinical care for ED was 4 (IQR 0-9) years. The composition of ED-related encounters included an average of 8 (IQR 2-22) Rx visits, 3 (IQR 1-4) Px visits, and 3 (IQR 1-4) Dx-only visits. CONCLUSIONS: The EHR footprint of ED is heterogeneous, with initial diagnosis occurring across the adult lifespan and significant variation evident in the number of disease-related encounters. The average frequency and duration of ED care was limited, including 3 encounters per subject and only 4 years from initial diagnosis to last ED encounter. Only a minority of patients had 5 or more medication-related encounters (potentially representing long-term prescription renewal). Further investigation is needed to understand how healthcare utilization differs among specific subgroups of patients with ED. Future EHR-based study could also provide insight into the temporal relationship between medical risk factors and disease onset. Source of Funding: NIH R01DK104764-03 © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e332-e332 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tianran Li More articles by this author David Crosslin More articles by this author Ian Stanaway More articles by this author Aaron Scrol More articles by this author Arvind Ramaprasan More articles by this author Gail Jarvik More articles by this author Eric Larson More articles by this author Hunter Wessells More articles by this author Alexander Skokan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Barred buttonquail males outlive females

Sex differences in lifespan can vary considerably across species. Variance in lifespan depends on the progression of the mortality rate with age. Males are usually thought to have a shorter lifespan than females, which can be explained by sexual selection acting on secondary sexual traits that affect longevity. Such a bias in mortality between the sexes is also an indicator of the adult sex ratio. While there is evidence for this relationship from species with traditional sex‐roles, little is known about the sex difference in lifespan of species that exhibit a reversal of sex‐roles. Here we investigated sex differences in longevity and hatchling sex ratio in a captive population of barred buttonquails Turnix suscitator, a sex‐role reversed species with a classical polyandrous mating system. We found that males lived on average 1.7 times longer than females. Further, sex ratio at hatching did not divert significantly from parity. Our data suggest that in sex‐role reversed species selective forces act on females leading to a shorter lifespan.

The relationship between longevity and lifespan variation

The relationship between longevity and lifespan variation

Comparative Analysis of Mammal Genomes Unveils Key Genomic Variability for Human Life Span.

The enormous mammal’s lifespan variation is the result of each species’ adaptations to their own biological trade-offs and ecological conditions. Comparative genomics have demonstrated that genomic factors underlying both, species lifespans and longevity of individuals, are in part shared across the tree of life. Here, we compared protein-coding regions across the mammalian phylogeny to detect individual amino acid (AA) changes shared by the most long-lived mammals and genes whose rates of protein evolution correlate with longevity. We discovered a total of 2,737 AA in 2,004 genes that distinguish long- and short-lived mammals, significantly more than expected by chance (P = 0.003). These genes belong to pathways involved in regulating lifespan, such as inflammatory response and hemostasis. Among them, a total 1,157 AA showed a significant association with maximum lifespan in a phylogenetic test. Interestingly, most of the detected AA positions do not vary in extant human populations (81.2%) or have allele frequencies below 1% (99.78%). Consequently, almost none of these putatively important variants could have been detected by genome-wide association studies. Additionally, we identified four more genes whose rate of protein evolution correlated with longevity in mammals. Crucially, SNPs located in the detected genes explain a larger fraction of human lifespan heritability than expected, successfully demonstrating for the first time that comparative genomics can be used to enhance interpretation of human genome-wide association studies. Finally, we show that the human longevity-associated proteins are significantly more stable than the orthologous proteins from short-lived mammals, strongly suggesting that general protein stability is linked to increased lifespan.

Changes in life expectancy and lifespan variability by income quartiles in four Nordic countries: a study based on nationwide register data

ObjectivesLevels, trends or changes in socioeconomic mortality differentials are typically described in terms of means, for example, life expectancies, but studies have suggested that there also are systematic social disparities...

Mosaic metabolic ageing: Basal and standard metabolic rates age in opposite directions and independent of environmental quality, sex and life span in a passerine

AbstractCrucial to our understanding of the ageing process is identifying how traits change with age, which variables alter their ageing process and how these traits associate with fitness.Here we investigated metabolic ageing in outdoor‐living captive zebra finches experiencing foraging costs. We longitudinally monitored 407 individuals over 6 years and collected 3,213 measurements of two independent mass‐adjusted metabolic traits: basal metabolic rate (BMRm) at thermoneutral temperatures and standard metabolic rate (SMRm), measured as BMRmbut at ambient temperatures below thermoneutrality.We define mosaic or asynchronous ageing as the difference in standardized absolute ageing rates between traits, and we estimate the degree of asynchrony using the within‐individual correlation of change in trait values with age.BMRmdecreasedlinearly with age, consistent with earlier reports. In contrast, SMRmincreasedlinearly with age. The absolute standardized change with age was significantly faster for BMRmcompared to SMRm,and the within‐individual correlation of age related change was negligible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantification of SMRmageing, and the finding that SMRmand BMRmage in opposite directions.Neither metabolic rate nor metabolic ageing rate were associated with variation in life span between individuals. Moreover, experimental manipulations of environmental quality that decreased BMRmand SMRmand shortened life span by 6 months (12%) did not affect the ageing of either metabolic trait. Females lived 2 months (4%) shorter than males, but none of the metabolic traits showed sex‐specific differences at any age.Our findings indicate, in contrast to the current view, that baseline energy requirements increase with age, because animals do not generally live in thermoneutral conditions, and illustrate the importance of studying the ageing phenotype in an ecologically realistic setting.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Queen loss increases worker survival in leaf-cutting ants under paraquat-induced oxidative stress.

Longevity is traded off with fecundity in most solitary species, but the two traits are positively linked in social insects. In ants, the most fecund individuals (queens and kings) live longer than the non-reproductive individuals, the workers. In many species, workers may become fertile following queen loss, and recent evidence suggests that worker fecundity extends worker lifespan. We postulated that this effect is in part owing to improved resilience to oxidative stress, and tested this hypothesis in three Myrmicine ants: Temnothorax rugatulus, and the leaf-cutting ants Atta colombica and Acromyrmex echinatior. We removed the queen from colonies to induce worker reproduction and subjected workers to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress drastically reduced survival, but this effect was less pronounced in leaf-cutting ant workers from queenless nests. We also found that, irrespective of oxidative stress, outside workers died earlier than inside workers did, likely because they were older. Since At. colombica workers cannot produce fertile offspring, our results indicate that direct reproduction is not necessary to extend the lives of queenless workers. Our findings suggest that workers are less resilient to oxidative stress in the presence of the queen, and raise questions on the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying socially mediated variation in worker lifespan. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'

Time and Chance: Using Age Partitioning to Understand How Luck Drives Variation in Reproductive Success

AbstractOver the course of individual lifetimes, luck usually explains a large fraction of the between-individual variation in life span or lifetime reproductive output (LRO) within a population, while variation in individual traits or "quality" explains much less. To understand how, where in the life cycle, and through which demographic processes luck trumps trait variation, we show how to partition by age the contributions of luck and trait variation to LRO variance and how to quantify three distinct components of luck. We apply these tools to several empirical case studies. We find that luck swamps effects of trait variation at all ages, primarily because of randomness in individual state dynamics ("state trajectory luck"). Luck early in life is most important. Very early state trajectory luck generally determines whether an individual ever breeds, likely by ensuring that they are not dead or doomed quickly. Less early luck drives variation in success among those breeding at least once. Consequently, the importance of luck often has a sharp peak early in life or it has two peaks. We suggest that ages or stages where the importance of luck peaks are potential targets for interventions to benefit a population of concern, different from those identified by eigenvalue elasticity analysis.

A putative telomerase activator has tissue‐specific effects on telomere length in a developing songbird

There is good evidence that telomeres predict variation in health and longevity, yet it is unclear whether these patterns are causally derived from telomeres per se, in part because relatively little research directly manipulates telomere length during early life, when telomere shortening is most dynamic. Here, we test how the telomerase activator TA‐65 (i.e. cycloastrogenol) affects telomere length in five tissues during the peak of growth in the wild tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor. Following eight days of oral TA‐65 administration, chicks experienced telomere lengthening in the blood and accelerated feather growth, but no changes to mass over time. TA‐65 did not affect telomere length in the brain or spleen and led to shorter telomeres in the liver and adrenals. This whole‐organism experimental manipulation of telomere dynamics therefore reveals limitations to telomere protection and biological senescence. In doing so, this work advances our understanding of early‐life telomere dynamics and their potential role in generating future variation in health and lifespan.

Global, cell non-autonomous gene regulation drives individual lifespan among isogenic C. elegans.

Across species, lifespan is highly variable among individuals within a population. Even genetically identical Caenorhabditis elegans reared in homogeneous environments are as variable in lifespan as outbred human populations. We hypothesized that persistent inter-individual differences in expression of key regulatory genes drives this lifespan variability. As a test, we examined the relationship between future lifespan and the expression of 22 microRNA promoter::GFP constructs. Surprisingly, expression of nearly half of these reporters, well before death, could effectively predict lifespan. This indicates that prospectively long- vs. short-lived individuals have highly divergent patterns of transgene expression and transcriptional regulation. The gene-regulatory processes reported on by two of the most lifespan-predictive transgenes do not require DAF-16, the FOXO transcription factor that is a principal effector of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) signaling. Last, we demonstrate a hierarchy of redundancy in lifespan-predictive ability among three transgenes expressed in distinct tissues, suggesting that they collectively report on an organism-wide, cell non-autonomous process that acts to set each individual's lifespan.

Dissecting genetic and sex-specific sources of host heterogeneity in pathogen shedding and spread.

Host heterogeneity in disease transmission is widespread but precisely how different host traits drive this heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Part of the difficulty in linking individual variation to population-scale outcomes is that individual hosts can differ on multiple behavioral, physiological and immunological axes, which will together impact their transmission potential. Moreover, we lack well-characterized, empirical systems that enable the quantification of individual variation in key host traits, while also characterizing genetic or sex-based sources of such variation. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila C Virus as a host-pathogen model system to dissect the genetic and sex-specific sources of variation in multiple host traits that are central to pathogen transmission. Our findings show complex interactions between genetic background, sex, and female mating status accounting for a substantial proportion of variance in lifespan following infection, viral load, virus shedding, and viral load at death. Two notable findings include the interaction between genetic background and sex accounting for nearly 20% of the variance in viral load, and genetic background alone accounting for ~10% of the variance in viral shedding and in lifespan following infection. To understand how variation in these traits could generate heterogeneity in individual pathogen transmission potential, we combined measures of lifespan following infection, virus shedding, and previously published data on fly social aggregation. We found that the interaction between genetic background and sex explained ~12% of the variance in individual transmission potential. Our results highlight the importance of characterising the sources of variation in multiple host traits to understand the drivers of heterogeneity in disease transmission.

Assessing Dementia Prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: Cohort Profile, Protocol, and Preliminary Findings.

There is growing consensus that non-genetic determinants of dementia can be linked to various risk- and resiliency-enhancing factors accumulating throughout the lifespan, including socioeconomic conditions, early life experiences, educational attainment, lifestyle behaviors, and physical/mental health. Yet, the causal impact of these diverse factors on dementia risk remain poorly understood due to few longitudinal studies prospectively characterizing these influences across the lifespan. The Initial Lifespan's Impact on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ILIAD) study aims to characterize dementia prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), a 60-year longitudinal study documenting life course trajectories of educational, family, occupational, psychological, cognitive, and health measures. Participants are surveyed using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) to identify dementia risk. Those scoring below cutoff undergo home-based neuropsychological, physical/neurological, and functional assessments. Dementia diagnosis is determined by consensus panel and merged with existing WLS data for combined analysis. Preliminary findings demonstrate the initial success of the ILIAD protocol in detecting dementia prevalence in the WLS. Increasing age, hearing issues, lower IQ, male sex, APOE4 positivity, and a steeper annualized rate of memory decline assessed in the prior two study waves, all increased likelihood of falling below the TICS-m cutoff for dementia risk. TICS-m scores significantly correlated with standard neuropsychological performance and functional outcomes. We provide an overview of the WLS study, describe existing key lifespan variables relevant to studies of dementia and cognitive aging, detail the current WLS-ILIAD study protocol, and provide a first glimpse of preliminary study findings.

Divergences in the Control of Mitochondrial Respiration Are Associated With Life-Span Variation in Marine Bivalves.

The role played by mitochondrial function in the aging process has been a subject of intense debate in the past few decades, as part of the efforts to understand the mechanistic basis of longevity. The mitochondrial oxidative stress theory of aging suggests that a progressive decay of this organelle's function leads to an exacerbation of oxidative stress, with a deleterious impact on mitochondrial structure and DNA, ultimately promoting aging. Among the traits suspected to be associated with longevity is the variation in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, potentially affecting the management of oxidative stress. Longitudinal studies using the framework of metabolic control analysis have shown age-related differences in the flux control of respiration, but this approach has seldom been taken on a comparative scale. Using 4 species of marine bivalves exhibiting a large range of maximum life span (from 28 years to 507 years), we report life-span-related differences in flux control at different steps of the electron transfer system. Increased longevity was characterized by a lower control by NADH (complex I-linked) and Succinate (complex II-linked) pathways, while respiration was strongly controlled by complex IV when compared to shorter-lived species. Complex III exerted strong control over respiration in all species. Furthermore, high longevity was associated with higher citrate synthase activity and lower ATP synthase activity. Relieving the control exerted by the electron entry pathways could be advantageous for reaching higher longevity, leading to increased control by complex IV, the final electron acceptor in the electron transfer system.

Effect of Larval Food Availability on Adult Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Fitness and Susceptibility to Zika Infection.

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is a mosquito species of significant medical importance. The use of this vector in research studies usually requires a large number of mosquitoes as well as rearing and maintenance in a laboratory-controlled environment. However, laboratory conditions may be different from field environments, presenting stressful challenges such as low food concentration, especially during larval stages, which may, in turn, impair vector biology. Therefore, we tested herein if larval food availability (0.004, 0.009, 0.020, and 0.070% diets) would affect overall adult insect fitness. We observed slower development in mosquitoes fed a 0.004% diet 15 d post-eclosion (DPE) and shorter mean time in mosquitoes fed a 0.020% diet (7 DPE). Larval diet and adult mosquito weight were positively correlated, and heavier females fed higher larval diets exhibited greater blood feeding capacity and oviposition. In addition, larval diet concentrations led to median adult lifespan variations (male/female in days-0.004%: 30 ± 1.41, 45 ± 1.3; 0.009%: 31.5 ± 1.33, 41 ± 1.43; 0.020%: 26 ± 1.18, 41 ± 1.45; 0.070%: 29 ± 1.07, 44 ± 1.34), reduced tolerance to deltamethrin (1 mg/m2) and changes in detoxification enzyme activities. Moreover, in the larval 0.070% diet, females presented higher Zika susceptibility (plaque-forming unit [PFU]: 1.218 × 106) compared with other diets (0.004%: 1.31 × 105; 0.009%: 2.0 × 105; 0.020%: 1.25 × 105 PFU). Altogether, our study demonstrates that larval diet restriction results not only in larval developmental arrest but also in adult fitness impairment, which must be considered in future assessments.