Life Zones Research Articles

지역주민의 관광호텔 이용제약요인과 관계지향성 간 관계 연구 : 부산지역을 중심으로 한 세대별 비교 연구

As a research for analyzing the relationship between the factors that restrain the use of the tourist hotels and the relationship-orientation in order to overcome the restraint matters regarding the use of the hotels by the local residents and in order to form a long-term relationships, this research had been proceeded with the comparative research by age according to each household by being centered on the Busan region, especially. The questionnaire survey had been carried out with the local residents residing in the Busan region who have the experience of using a tourist hotel in the Busan region in the recent one year as the subjects. And the implications after collecting and analyzing a total of the 296 samples are the following: irstly, with regard to the use of the tourist hotels on the part of the local residents, it was tested that the biggest restraint condition had been the structural restraint. And, in detail, it had been able to confirm that the economic cost, the time, the crowding of the hotel, etc. had been becoming the problems. Eventually, regarding the viewpoint through which the local residents look at the tourist hotels within the region, it had been recognized as their life zone and the special domain that had been distinguished by centering on the physical object of the tourist hotel, the psychological sense of distance, etc. And, accordingly, it had been confirmed once again that they are directly connected to the economic and time conditions in the domain for using the tourist hotels. Secondly, regarding the difference according to the age and the household in relation to the use of the tourist hotels on the part of the local residents, the usage restraint of the minors in terms of the structural restrain, the relationship-orientation, etc. had stood out. However, it was confirmed the influence relationships according to the special characteristics by household did not have any difference. If we take a look at the results of the analysis by putting them together, it can be inferred that the structural restraint matters that are perceived by the local residents are the elements that can be largely perceived mainly by the youths bracket, including the economic costs, the time, etc. But, the thing that is important is the point that the level of the perception does not show any differences on the regardful levels between the youth bracket, the middle-aged bracket, and the elderly bracket by generation.

Selected Clinical Features of Coccidioidomycosis in Dogs.

Canine coccidioidomycosis, a systemic fungal infection endemic to arid and semiarid regions of North, Central, and South America, is commonly diagnosed in dogs living in or traveling through lower Sonoran life zones in the states of California and Arizona. Canine and human cases have geographic overlap. Similarities between clinical coccidioidomycosis in dogs and humans include asymptomatic infection, primary respiratory disease and disseminated disease. Differences include a high rate of dissemination in dogs, differences in predilection of dissemination sites, and a granulomatous or diffuse meningoencephalopathic form in the canine central nervous system (CNS) without the obstructive component seen in humans. Dogs presenting with CNS coccidioidomycosis most commonly experience seizures. Prior disease history and serology are unreliable indicators of CNS coccidioidomycosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advantageous for diagnosis of CNS coccidioidomycosis in dogs. Long-term administration of antifungal medication is promoted for treatment of both primary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis in dogs. Supportive treatment addressing pain, fever, inappetance, coughing, and other clinical signs improves patient care. Glucocorticoids and or anticonvulsants are also recommended for canine disseminated CNS disease. Protracted treatment times, lack of owner compliance, failure of the disease to respond to the first antifungal drug selected, and high cost are challenges of successfully treating dogs.

Classificação climática para o estado do Amazonas segundo as zonas de vida de Holdridge

Holdridge life zones are based on the relationships among precipitation, temperature, altitude levels and latitude, and they are useful in ecological applications, particularly in tropical areas. This study aimed to perform a climate classification of the Amazonas State cities according to Holdridge’s life zones and compare it with Koppen classification and original vegetation cover of the state. The comparisons were made using confusion matrices elaborated with spatial analysis tools. The results indicate biotemperatures ranging from 22.9 °C to 26.5 °C, increasing from West to East of the state. Five Holdridge life zones were found, tropical moist forest and tropical moist forest / wet forest, occupying about 85% of the state area. Three life zones corresponded 100% with the climate classification Af according to Koppen, and the other life zones reached correspondences of more than 75% with the same climate type. All life zones were found to be in open ombrophilous, dense ombrophilous and campinarana vegetation. In this way, Holdridge life zone system proved to be an important tool for climate classification in the state, corresponding to vegetation maps and to the Koppen climate classification.

Interceptación y escorrentía del bosque altoandino en la reserva forestal protectora “El Malmo”

Los bosques tropicales son importantes a nivel mundial por su biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos que proveen, son claves en el ciclo global del agua. Los cambios y presiones de origen antrópico que afectan a los bosques tropicales inciden en el papel fundamental de estos en la provisión de agua. En este trabajo se evalúa la relación de las coberturas vegetales presentes en el Bosque altoandino de la Reserva Forestal Protectora “El Malmo” con la calidad y cantidad de interceptación y escorrentía; la zona de vida analizada comprende cuatro tipos de coberturas: bosque denso altoandino, vegetación secundaria baja, plantación de latifoliadas y mosaico de pastos con espacios naturales. Se instalaron ocho montajes (dos por cobertura) compuestos cada uno de una parcela de escorrentía y un medidor de precipitación bajo el dosel; el levantamiento de datos se efectúo cada ocho días durante 24 semanas. Los resultados indican que la interceptación de la precipitación no difiere en cada cubierta, mientras que si se ve afectada la escorrentía superficial y su calidad respecto a sedimentos, cambios que obedecen fuertemente a las diferencias en las condiciones físicas del suelo. La cobertura que permite las mejores dimensiones de calidad y cantidad de agua es el bosque denso altoandino. La influencia de la intervención antrópica en el área y la presencia de invasoras afectan negativamente estas variables. Este trabajo aporta conocimiento sobre el comportamiento hidrológico de la Reserva, para su uso en la gestión forestal. Así mismo, genera información, hasta el momento inexistente, sobre la relación interceptación/escorrentía en bosques de la región Cundiboyacense, convirtiéndose en punto inicial de comparación para nuevas investigaciones en ecosistemas altoandinos.

欧亚大陆植被生态系统平均中心时空偏移的情景模拟

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 欧亚大陆植被生态系统平均中心时空偏移的情景模拟 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201903260569 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院地理学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理学与资源研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0507202，2017YFA0603702）；中国科学院先导专项A类项目课题（XDA20030203）；国家自然科学基金项目（41271406） Shift scenarios of mean centers in vegetation ecosystems in Eurasia Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:欧亚大陆复杂多样的植被生态系统在全球气候变化的驱动下，其时空分布格局将发生系列的偏移变化，进而对欧亚大陆"一带一路"沿线国家和地区的生态环境产生重要影响。如何从全球气候变化驱动的角度来实现欧亚大陆植被生态系统时空偏移趋势的模拟分析，已成为"一带一路"沿线国家和地区生态环境研究的热点科学问题之一。在对HLZ生态系统模型进行改进和构建植被生态系统平均中心时空偏移分析模型的基础上，基于欧亚大陆的气候观测数据（1981-2010年）和CMIP5 RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5三种情景数据（2011-2100年），实现欧亚大陆植被生态系统平均中心时空偏移趋势的模拟分析。结果表明：欧亚大陆植被生态系统平均中心主要分布在欧亚大陆的中部和南部地区；3种气候情景下，欧亚大陆的亚热带干旱森林、暖温带湿润森林、亚热带有刺疏林、亚热带潮湿森林、冷温带潮湿森林、寒温带湿润森林、冷温带湿润森林、亚热带湿润森林、暖温带干旱森林、亚极地/高山湿润苔原和极地/冰原等植被生态系统的平均中心偏移幅度大于其他植被生态系统类型；欧亚大陆植被生态系统在RCP8.5情景下的植被生态系统平均中心偏移幅度大于其他两种情景；在2011-2100年期间，3种气候变化情景下，欧亚大陆植被生态系统平均中心整体上将呈向北偏移的变化趋势。 Abstract:Due to global climate change, the mean centers in vegetation ecosystems in Eurasia show a series of spatiotemporal shifts that directly influence the ecological environment in the countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) area. This research aims to analyze the spatiotemporal shift trends of vegetation ecosystems under climate change in Eurasia and obtain new data and theoretical support for BRI projects. The Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) model has been improved upon and the spatiotemporal shift model of the mean center was developed to quantitatively reveal the spatiotemporal shift trends of the mean centers in vegetation ecosystems in Eurasia. Based on the climatic observation data of Eurasia during the period from 1981 to 2010 and the climatic scenarios data during the period from 2011 to 2100 of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 released by CMIP5, the spatiotemporal shift trends of the mean centers in vegetation ecosystems were obtained. The results show that most mean centers in vegetation ecosystems are distributed in the central and south parts of Eurasia. The mean centers in subtropical dry forest, warm temperate moist forest, subtropical thorn woodland, subtropical wet forest, cool temperate wet forest, cold temperate moist forest, cool temperate moist forest, subtropical moist forest, warm temperate dry forest, polar/nival area, and subpolar/alpine moist tundra would shift more than any other mean centers in vegetation ecosystems under the three scenarios in Eurasia. The mean centers in vegetation ecosystems under the RCP8.5 scenario would shift more than the other two scenarios in Eurasia. Climate change would greatly alter the distribution pattern of vegetation ecosystems and cause most of the mean centers in vegetation ecosystems to shift to the northern region of Eurasia from 2011 to 2100 under the three scenarios. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

First record of Platyrrhinus albericoi Velazco, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the eastern slope of the Central Andes of Colombia

We report the first record of the bat Platyrrhinus albericoi Velazco, 2005 on the eastern slope of the Colombian Central Andes. Currently there are records of this species on the western slope of the Central Andes, eastern slope of the western Andes, and both slope of the eastern Andes in Colombia. We performed a morphological review of the specimens from several Colombian collections and analyzed their character variation, life zone, and distribution in Colombia. The geographic range of P. albericoi is increased and a new life zone, Premontane Wet Forest (bmh-PM in Spanish), is added to its distribution.

CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL SEGUNDO O SISTEMA DE ZONAS DE VIDA DE HOLDRIDGE

O clima é a síntese de elementos meteorológicos observados durante um longo período de tempo e possui estreita relação com a vegetação. A classificação climática de Holdridge define zonas de vida representativas para as diferentes regiões da Terra, que refletem a conjuntura destes elementos meteorológicos. Este trabalho objetivou a classificação do estado do Rio Grande do Sul segundo este sistema, visando comparar com a classificação climática de Köppen, bem como as fitogeografias do estado. Com base em uma série histórica não contínua mínima de 25 anos, de 1950 a 1990, de dados pluviométricos e de temperatura, associados às variáveis de latitude e altitude, foi possível calcular e determinar as zonas de vida individualmente para os 496 municípios do estado. Oito zonas de vida foram encontradas, das quais se destacaram: floresta úmida temperada basal (74,0%); floresta muito úmida/floresta úmida temperada basal (13,8%); e floresta úmida/floresta muito úmida temperada basal (8,0%). A relação entre Holdridge e Köppen apresentou correspondência acima de 90% em sete das oito zonas de vida encontradas (87,5% do território do estado), predominantemente com o tipo climático Cfa (clima temperado, com chuva o ano todo e verão quente). Regiões de Estepe e Savana-estépica obtiveram 100% de correspondência com as zonas de vida floresta muito úmida temperada basal e com as respectivas transições com floresta úmida temperada basal. O sistema de zonas de vida de Holdridge mostrou-se uma importante ferramenta para o zoneamento agrossilvicultural do estado, uma vez que houve uma interação satisfatória quando comparado com o sistema de classificação climática de Köppen e com algumas fitogeografias.

Computational Assessment of the Hazardous Release Dispersion from a Diesel Pool Fire in a Complex Building’s Area

A hazardous release accident taking place within the complex morphology of an urban setting could cause grave damage both to the population’s safety and to the environment. An unpredicted accident constitutes a complicated physical phenomenon with unanticipated outcomes. This is because, in the event of an unforeseen accident, the dispersion of the hazardous materials exhausted in the environment is determined by unstable parameters such as the wind flow and the complex turbulent diffusion around urban blocks of buildings. Our case study focused on a diesel pool fire accident that occured between an array of nine cubical buildings. The accident was studied with a Large eddy Simulation model based on the Fire Dynamics Simulation method. This model was successfully compared against the nine cubes of the Silsoe experiment. The model’s results were used for the determination of the immediately dangerous to life or health smoke zones of the accident. It was found that the urban geometry defined the hazardous gasses dispersion, thus increasing the toxic mass concentration around the buildings.

Abundancia, diversidad y huella metabólica de comunidades de nematodos en diferentes zonas de vida en la Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica

Soil biotic communities represent 25 % of the existing global diversity, therefore their study is important for their conservation and sustainable use. Among edaphic biota, nematodes are considered ecologically important as environmental indicators. Tools like the maturity indexes, food web diagnostics and metabolic footprints are used in assessing the ecosystem in relation to the impact contaminants and other stressors, as well as monitoring and measuring changes in the structure and dynamics of the food webs and, more recently, to study the impact of climate factors on the nematode community. Costa Rica is a tropical country with a variety of miroclimates in a small area; this attribute is reflected in the different life zones described by Holdridge for Costa Rica, which differ in their patterns of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration patterns. In this research, the diversity of climates was exploited in order to contribute with the knowledge of the nematode communities of several ecosystems within different life zones. For this purpose, samples were taken in several ecosystems located in different life zones in the Region Huetar Norte from Costa Rica. High variation in taxa abundance between different management types within ecosystems was obtained. However, the low availability of replicates for proper statistical analyzes made the mean estimations numerically unprovable. The maturity indexes and the food web diagnosis did not show statistical differences between the studied zones, while, the metabolic footprints were positively correlated to life zones. The metabolic footprint decreased in the different life zones in correspondence with the increase of the average annual temperature reported for each one. The metabolic footprints associated with the decomposition of organic matter (fungivores, bacterivores, and enrichment) had the strongest correlations. The proposition is that the increase in metabolic footprints while the temperature decreases, reflects a change in the dynamics of chemical and biological decomposition of organic matter and in the energy flow in the food networks. This research supports finding in other studies, suggesting that the temperature is a key factor in the species distribution in edaphic ecosystems, and therefore it should be subject to further investigation.

Predicting the influence of future climate change on the suitable distribution areas of Elaeagnus angustifolia.

Climate change significantly affects geographic distribution of plants worldwide. Understanding the influence of climate change on the suitable areas of afforestation tree species in China and taking timely countermeasures are crucial for improving the effectiveness of afforestation. Elaeagnus angustifolia is a good species for ecological restoration of degraded lands and control of desertification. Using MaxEnt and GIS, we predicted the changes of climatically suitable areas of this species under future climate scenarios, based on 182 records from herbaria and published literatures, and 13 climatic factors from BIOCLIM, Holdridge life zone and Kira index. The results showed that the four climate scenarios in 2070s had different effects on the climatically suitable areas of this species. The suitable areas would shrink in the lowest greenhouse gas emission (RCP 2.6) scenario. The shrinking areas were mainly located in the edge of the currently suitable areas in the northwest. The suitable areas would expand in the lower (RCP 4.5), the higher (RCP 6.0) and the highest (RCP 8.5) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The expanding areas were mainly located in the northwestern arid regions of warm temperate zone, and northeastern sub-humid regions of middle temperate zone. There were obvious expansions in the northern arid and semi-arid regions of middle temperate zone, and southern humid regions of north-subtropical zone under RCP 8.5 scenario. The geographical centroids of future suitable ranges would move with a speed of 6-19 km·(10 a)-1. The altitudinal centroids were predicted to move to lower regions with a speed of 3-20 m·(10 a)-1. The stably suitable areas accounted for 83%-98% of the current distribution ranges of this species, which were generally stable under future climate change scenarios.

Sport events, space and the ‘Live City’

Specially-designed, temporary festive spaces designed to accommodate spectators and visitors have become commonplace when hosting major and mega sporting events but to date they have received very little academic attention in the urban policy or planning fields. In this paper I explore the development of a ‘Live City’ concept that organisers in Glasgow operationalised during the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games. Empirically, I draw on fieldwork undertaken before, during and after the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games, including documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and observation of the four managed Live Zones operational during the event.Findings suggest that the concept of the Live City operationalised at G2014 represents a subtle, yet effective, means of further embedding capital accumulation processes in the urban setting. The Live City concept is reflective of a trend toward the staging of atmospheres as an urban policy tool. In effect, event visitors are welcomed to a fantasy city that only ever exists temporarily, staged for the benefit of others' consumption. The Live City is managed and assembled to prioritise affective atmospheres, reimagining the entire city centre as a venue to be experienced, mediated and replicated in the future when other major spectacles are attracted.

Presence and Distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Colombia.

The presence and distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis was reported in Colombia in the Andean, Caribbean, and Orinoquia regions, from 0 to 1,200 meters of altitude (MASL) in the warm climate zone, with less than 2,000 mm rainfall per year and a temperature above 24°C, which corresponds to the tropical dry forest life zone (TDF). Larvae and adults of S. dorsalis were found on 13 plant species belonging to 12 genera in 12 families, of 181 plant species sampled from 129 genera in 47 families sampled. The botanical species with S. dorsalis presence included cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) L., mango (Mangifera indica) L., chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) L., bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) L., orange (Citrus sinensis) L., jasmine orange (Murraya paniculata) L., rose (Rosa sp.), and the weeds Sesbania exaltata (Mill.), Phyllanthus niruri L., Ludwigia hyssopifolia Vahl, Euphorbia hypericifolia L., Echinochloa colona L., and Amaranthus spinosus (L.). S. dorsalis prefers young leaves and floral structures, but in cotton it was also associated with squares. The low number of host plants is evident, far from the extensive lists obtained by other authors in other latitudes. S. dorsalis invaded Colombia only in recent years, and this is the first study of the presence and distribution of this thrips in the area.

Study of dynamic behavior of a composite laminated material manufactured of the bark of Lata’s Palm “Bactris Guineensis”

The use of alternative lignocellulosic raw materials for development of new engineering composite materials is researched. The study is based on the Lata’s palm “Bactris Guineensis” bark as the main constituent for glued laminated composite material manufacturing. Static mechanical properties as well as fatigue behaviors were studied, since in these types of loads a wide range of engineering dynamic applications can be envisaged. Tensile and hardness testing were performed for the characterization of static and mechanical properties. Additionally, fatigue testing was used to analyze the durability behavior of the composite materials obtained and the fracture surface was analyzed by SEM microscopy. Vickers hardness and tensile resistance at the exterior bark demonstrated that it is the hardest and most resistant zone with 27,5 Vickers and 354 MPa values respectively. During fatigue testing, the temporary life zone was obtained from the stress vs. number of cycles curve (S vs Nf). The Basquin’s equation parameters were found (S=A·Nfb), with: A = 321 MPa. and b = −0,060. Finally, in order to evaluate the potential use of glued laminated Lata’s Palm as a composite material constituent its mechanical characterization was performed.

Water quality management through community engagement in Costa Rica

Concerns about stream water quality are increasing in Latin America. Poor sanitation infrastructure coupled with a high demand from agricultural development, recreational use, drinking, and sanitation creates a strong need to balance water quality and quantity to meet these demands. Wastewater from various levels of development combined with changes in climate and rainfall patterns has created unique watershed management challenges. Ecologically, tropical river watersheds with their unique hydrology (wet and dry seasons), steep slopes, characteristically long shape, and rapidly changing life zones present management challenges. Sociologically, weak overall protective legislation, streambed manipulation, withdrawals, minimal wastewater treatment, and beliefs water is abundant have produced a lax attitude for protection. To assess these concerns, we studied three river watersheds within a biological corridor along a northern Pacific slope in Costa Rica. We characterized baseline river water quality and then paired biological and chemical parameters to develop an index of water quality. Results suggest agricultural inputs and withdrawal, greywater urban inputs, community water use, and natural features of the watershed including climate concerns must be managed together to improve water quality and provide adequate water resources. Community involvement, along with a water quality index useable by the general public, was a key to the overall success of the project.

Natural history and conservation of the Nurse Frog of the Serranía del Perijá Allobates ignotus (Dendrobatoidea: Aromobatidae) in northeastern Colombia

We describe new findings on the geographic distribution, habitat uses, relative abundance, tadpoles, and advertisement call of Allobates ignotus . Data of habitat uses and relative abundance were collected during five annual fieldtrips of seven days each one, from April 2010 to June 2014, in a mining zone of Canime Creek Basin, La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar Department, northeast Colombia. Tadpoles and advertisement call were obtained in La Veguita Creek Basin, Manaure Balcon del Cesar, Cesar. We report six new localities with presence of A. ignotus , all between 7-96 km in straight line to the type locality, from 194-1236 m a.s.l. This species is recorded for the first time in the Tropical Dry Forest Life Zone and in La Guajira Department. Four substrate categories used by A. ignotus were detected (leaf-litter, rocks, naked floor, and lower branches), and differential use was highlighted. The larval morphology of A. ignotus was described, based on 11 specimens between 25-29 stages. Like other Allobates tadpoles, the gap of the second teeth row is “wide”. The advertisement call of A. ignotus is composed by a series of high frequency ascending pulsed notes. Possibly, the high frequency of the call is due to the acoustic disturbance generated by the streamflow noise of the creeks. In 2014, a decrease of relative abundance of A. ignotus in Canime Creek was detected. This, coupled to restricted distribution and loss of habitat quality are sufficient criteria to suggest the category of vulnerable for A. ignotus .

Especies arbóreas identificadas en el Bosque Demostrativo de la Sede de Occidente, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica

This research was carried out in 2007 in the educational forest of University of Costa Rica’s Western Branch. The research is titled “Assessment of the Habitat in the Educational Forest.” The educational forest is located between 10o 05’ 08.9’’ N y 84o 28’ 54.4 W in the pre-mountain life zone on the Northwest of the University of Costa Rica’s Western Branch in Alfaro, 1 Km. away from downtown San Ramon, Costa Rica. This research purported to identify the flora found in the educational forest. A total of 939 trees with diameter greater than 10cm DBH were labeled with numbered aluminum plates to determine the amount of tree species. The results obtained include the identification of 72 species of trees categorized in 30 families. The most predominant tree families were Sapindaceae (172), Fabaceae (133), Solanaceae (115), Myrtaceae (105) and Melastomataceae (101). All of those families of species host the fauna found in the educational forest and provide the shelter and nourishment required for their survival. The researchers greatly acknowledge Lic Sonia Delgado’s efforts to create the educational forest and to allow this research.

Efecto de la cobertura vegetal de ribera en las comunidades ícticas en el bosque húmedo premontano y muy húmedo premontano del Alto Magdalena, Colombia

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la cobertura vegetal en la composición, la estructura y la diversidad de la ictiofauna en las quebradas de las zonas de vida de los bosques húmedo premontano (bh-PM) y muy húmedo premontano (bmh-PM) del Alto Magdalena, Colombia. Para esto, se muestrearon 23 estaciones distribuidas en las coberturas vegetales de pastos, mosaico de cultivos, arbustos y bosques en las diferentes zonas de vida. En cada estación se establecieron transectos longitudinales (100 m/ancho variable); los peces se capturaron con un equipo de pesca eléctrica y una red de arrastre (5 m x 1,5 m, ojo de malla de 0,05 m), y se evaluaron paralelamente algunas variables ambientales. La estructura y la diversidad de la ictiofauna se calcularon mediante el uso de modelos estándar. En cuanto a la diversidad, medida con números de Hill, no hubo diferencias significativas entre las coberturas vegetales en el bh-PM. Sin embargo, en el bmh-PM la cobertura de pastos fue la más diversa. En el análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico, no se evidenciaron diferencias en la estructura del ensamblaje de peces en los tipos de cobertura vegetal, sin embargo, en el análisis canónico de correspondencias se evidenció que la cobertura de dosel, la calidad de la vegetación de ribera y la elevación influyeron de manera significativa en la composición y la distribución de la ictiofauna. Si bien la cobertura de pastos presentó la mayor diversidad íctica, es un hábitat con degradación del bosque de ribera y cambios en la temperatura, idóneo para el establecimiento de especies tolerantes e invasoras. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

Experiential and cosmopolitan knowledge: The transcontinental field practices of the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey

Before many of the global environmental knowledge producing networks and technologies emerged later in the twentieth century, another spatially extended form of field science was implemented at a continental scale by the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, revealing similar tensions and dynamics. Specimens and observations from across continental spaces were integrated through railroad-based transportation and communications networks in order to map distributions of birds and mammals and delineate “life zones” stretching across the continent. At the same time that field zoologists of the Biological Survey produced this cosmopolitan scientific knowledge, they also developed an intimate, experiential knowledge of many of the places where they traveled. By following the travels of Biological Survey field parties, especially the agency's long-time chief field naturalist Vernon Bailey, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when the railroad was dominant, this paper traces the interconnections between the two ways of knowing in the Biological Survey's practice. However, the integration of these different forms of knowledge was ultimately partial and incomplete, as seen through the Survey's daily practices such as food consumption, the seasonality of survey field practice, and limitations on what types of knowledge were incorporated from lay network collaborators and field assistants.

A generic tool wear model and its application to force modeling and wear monitoring in high speed milling

Abstract Tool wear is an important factor that influence machining precision and part quality in high speed milling, and it is essential to seek a convenient method to monitor and predict tool conditions. A generic wear model with adjustable coefficients is proposed and validated in this study. In this model, three wear zones of an entire tool life are divided by critical times considering the nature of different wear stages. Additionally, the intrinsic amplitude and growth frequencies in earlier and later milling stages are explicated and elaborated to determine the tool flank wear over whole milling process. The relationship between milling force against tool flank wear is studied and identified, which provides a technical foundation for online force modeling and wear monitoring. It is shown that with inclusion of the wear factor the milling force can be predicted accurately, with 98.5% agreement with the instantaneous force model. In addition, tool life can be predicted conveniently based on the wear model. Due to adjustability of coefficients in the model, it can be generalized to various machining types and conditions.

Implementation of construction projects for social infrastructure development in Smart Cities

The article deals with the recent problems of implementation of construction projects for social infrastructure development. Being as basis of comfort life zone formation and important element of Smart Cities, social infrastructure facilities are practically considered by the developers often as project elements impairing effectiveness indicators of their activities. The purpose of the article is the justification of methodological approach to effective implementation of construction projects for social infrastructure development respecting the interests of main participants of investment and construction project: city, citizen, developers. Methodological approach deals with infrastructure facilities within the framework of urban blocks on the base of Smart Cities concept. The article articulates the concept of social infrastructure of urban blocks including condominiums with everyday serviced facilities on the ground floors and yard representing a private territory with landscaping, leisure and recreation grounds and fire lanes and which is accessible predominantly to inhabitants of particular block and which is closed to the public visit. Effective implementation of construction projects for social infrastructure development suggests creation of value innovation (basic element of blue ocean strategy) by means of transformation of so-called strategic canvas for social infrastructure facilities. Multifactor model for projects for social infrastructure development including each element’s contribution to creation of additional value to customer was formed on the base of the method of expert assessments. It is presented mechanism of complex effectiveness assessment of decisions on value innovation for social infrastructure facilities respecting the interests of participants of investment and construction process. This mechanism can be used both for projects suggesting exclusively budgetary financing and for commercial projects. It was created an algorithm of practical implementation of stated methodological approach within the frames of Smart City concept. Risks to implementation of methodological way of their reduction were analyzed. Offers stated in the article are aimed to increase the effectiveness of implementation of construction projects within the frames of urban blocks when simultaneous quality improvement of life sphere takes place.