Lifetime Prevalence Research Articles

Criteria for PAVM Reintervention.

Background/Objectives: To propose criteria for retreating previously embolized PAVMs and determining the effectiveness of the criteria to prevent paradoxical embolization. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with PAVMs treated at a single HHT center of excellence between 1 January 2013, and 10 September 2023, was performed. Patients with PAVM recurrence were either retreated or observed based on the following criteria for PAVM reintervention: 1. Embolic device(s) not creating a sufficiently dense matrix, such that a channel through them may be >/ 2 mm; 2. Accessory feeding artery or pulmonary collateral >/ 2 mm; 3. Hemoptysis in a patient with no other explanation. Results: A total of 438 PAVMs were treated in 151 patients, including 106 patients with definite, 14 possible, and 31 doubtful HHT. Post-embolization PAVM recurrence occurred in 36 patients (36/151, 23.8%), including 15 patients (15/151, 9.9%) with 22 PAVMs (22/438, 5.0%) meeting criteria for reintervention. A total of 21 patients (21/151, 13.9%) with recurrence did not meet reintervention criteria and were therefore observed. Pre-treatment paradoxical embolization occurred in 36 patients (36/151) for a lifetime prevalence rate of 23.7%. Post-treatment paradoxical embolization did not occur in any patients following PAVM embolization (0/151). There was one case of iatrogenic paradoxical embolization in a patient being treated for systemic collateral reperfusion and hemoptysis. However, this was not included given that it was not a spontaneous event. Conclusions: Utilizing modern embolization techniques and devices, the proposed reintervention criteria, and screening intervals, paradoxical embolizations can be effectively prevented in patients with PAVMs.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Conditions and Risk Behaviors Among High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are preventable, potentially traumatic events occurring before age 18 years. Data on ACEs among adolescents in the United States have primarily been collected through parent report and have not included important violence-related ACEs, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. This report presents the first national prevalence of self-reported ACEs among U.S. high school students aged <18 years, estimates associations between ACEs and 16 health conditions and risk behaviors, and calculates population-attributable fractions of ACEs with these conditions and behaviors using cross-sectional, nationally representative 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. Exposures were lifetime prevalence of individual (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; physical neglect; witnessed intimate partner violence; household substance use; household poor mental health; and incarcerated or detained parent or guardian) ACEs and cumulative ACEs count (zero, one, two or three, or four or more). Health conditions and risk behaviors included violence risk factors, substance use, sexual behaviors, weight and weight perceptions, mental health, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Bivariate analyses assessed associations between individual and cumulative ACEs and demographics. Adjusted prevalence ratios assessed associations between cumulative ACEs and health conditions and risk behaviors, accounting for demographics. Population-attributable fractions were calculated to determine the potential reduction in health conditions and risk behaviors associated with preventing ACEs. ACEs were common, with approximately three in four students (76.1%) experiencing one or more ACEs and approximately one in five students (18.5%) experiencing four or more ACEs. The most common ACEs were emotional abuse (61.5%), physical abuse (31.8%), and household poor mental health (28.4%). Students who identified as female; American Indian or Alaska Native; multiracial; or gay or lesbian, bisexual, questioning, or who describe their sexual identity in some other way experienced the highest number of ACEs. Population-attributable fractions associated with experiencing ACEs were highest for suicide attempts (89.4%), seriously considering attempting suicide (85.4%), and prescription opioid misuse (84.3%). ACEs are prevalent among students and contribute substantially to numerous health conditions and risk behaviors in adolescence. Policymakers and public health professionals can use these findings to understand the potential public health impact of ACEs prevention to reduce adolescent suicidal behaviors, substance use, sexual risk behaviors, and other negative health conditions and risk behaviors and to understand current effects of ACEs among U.S. high school students.

Sexual and Gender Identity-Associated Disparities in University Students' Experiences with Inappropriate, Disrespectful, and Coercive Health Care.

Purpose: Inappropriate, disrespectful, or coercive health care (IDCH) is associated with patient age and sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and can impact healthcare engagement and outcomes. Emerging adulthood is a critical period for establishing trust in health care, yet little is known about university students' IDCH experiences. This study assessed the IDCH prevalence and identified IDCH-SOGI associations in a university student sample. Methods: Using data from the cross-sectional IDC Survey (2021), we quantified the lifetime prevalence of 18 IDCH items in a sample of 3403 university students. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess bivariate associations between IDCH items and SOGI. We modeled associations between demographic characteristics and two types of provider-sexual misconduct using logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant associations between SOGI and 17 of the analyzed IDCH items were identified. Self-reported IDCH experiences were more prevalent among minoritized SOGI students than heterosexual cisgender students, including receiving inappropriate/harmful treatment and dismissive or biased provider communication. Gender minority and sexual minority cisgender male and female students had significantly higher odds of ever being touched inappropriately during an exam, compared with heterosexual cisgender males (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval]: 3.07 [1.59-5.93], 2.34 [1.24-4.41], and 1.85 [1.16-2.90], respectively). SOGI was not significantly associated with experiencing a provider's sexual advances. Conclusion: University students with historically minoritized SOGIs may be particularly vulnerable to IDCH experiences; research is needed to understand differential experiences within minoritized sexual and gender subpopulations. Patient and provider education about healthcare norms and trauma-centered care could potentially reduce IDCH and its harms.

Chronic pain in European adult populations: a systematic review of prevalence and associated clinical features

Abstract Chronic pain (CP) is a multifaceted and severely disabling persistent condition that affects individuals worldwide. A synthesis of epidemiological data is still lacking. The present systematic review aims at presenting point, period, and lifetime prevalence estimates of CP in the European adult population, as well as relevant features associated with it. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library was run from inception to May 2024, resulting in 39,832 hits. Among those, 132 full-text articles were assessed, and 23 studies comprising 862,013 participants with CP were included. The Joanna Biggs Institutes' Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data (JBI) was used for quality assessment. Findings showed a point prevalence ranging from 12% to 48%, a 6-month prevalence of 17.5% to 49.8%, a 12-month prevalence ranging from 8.1% to 44.6%, and a lifetime prevalence ranging from 12.7% to 33.7% independently from sex. Sociodemographic factors (eg, female sex, higher age, no partnership, lower education, unemployment) and clinical features (eg, medical diseases, mental disorders and burdens, healthcare utilization, functional impairment) were identified as being associated with CP. The variability in prevalence estimates can be reduced by applying consistent diagnostic criteria (eg, ICD-11) and by using standardized assessment tools (eg, scales, clinical interview). The high prevalence and the characteristics of the associated features support the need for adequate, multicomponent care paths to manage CP based on a comprehensive biopsychosocial model.

8663 Sex differences in delayed fear incubation in mice

Abstract Disclosure: M. Littlepage-Saunders: None. M. Rusnak: None. M. Tsuda: None. T. Wu: None. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a lifetime prevalence of 1 in 13 people. It is not fully understood why some are more vulnerable to developing PTSD whereas others are more resilient. Among those who develop PTSD, about a quarter have delayed-onset PTSD where onset of symptoms occur at 6 months or later after experiencing a traumatic event. While there is recognition of this type of PTSD, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The development of PTSD is more prevalent in women than men. However, previous preclinical and clinical studies have focused mainly on males. Thus, there lacks an understanding of this sex difference. To enhance our understanding of the causal mechanisms, we designed a study with mice to compare the effect of sex on delayed fear incubation. We expected the female mice to show increased fear responses that would suggest more chronic delayed fear incubation than the male mice. To test this, we evaluated distance travelled, freezing, and latency until the first freezing episode in adult male and female C57Bl/6J mice (7-8 weeks of age; n=8/group) using a delayed fear incubation behavioral assay. Animals were placed in a fear conditioning chamber for a 198 s acclimation period and then administered a single 2 s scrambled footshock of 1.5 mA via the metal grid floor. After an additional 60 s, animals were returned to their home cage. At specific time after shock application, animals underwent a fear recall test where the animals were placed back in the shock chamber for a total of 180 s without any additional footshocks and then returned to their home cage. The study was based on a 2X2 factorial design comprising of sex (male vs female) and recall time (1 day and 14 days post shock). The data showed an increasing freezing trend (p=0.08) at d 14 compared to their recall d 1 counterparts. There was no effect of time or sex on distance travelled or latency until the first freezing episode. Interestingly, female mice showed less freezing when compared to the male mice. Ongoing experiments will look more into circuitry-level changes by comparing neuronal activation through cFos expression in different brain regions that are a part of the limbic system and/or have been associated with fear: the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and paraventricular nucleus. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Substance use and risk of suicide among adults who sought mental health and addiction specialty services through a centralised intake process in Nova Scotia: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to estimate the prevalence of suicide risk among individuals seeking mental health and addiction (MHA) services in Nova Scotia; (2) to...

Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescent Mothers Living With and Without HIV: A Pre- and During–COVID-19 South African Cohort Analysis

PurposeAdolescent mothers face heightened economic and social vulnerabilities, which can place them at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), prepandemic, and during COVID-19. However, few studies examine this population, and even less disaggregate findings by HIV status. MethodsWe analyzed data from 834 South African adolescent mothers, 35% living with HIV (LHIV), who reported on physical, psychological, and sexual IPV exposure at two interviews: 2018-2019 (prepandemic) and 2021-2022 (during COVID-19). We estimated lifetime prevalence of IPV, disaggregating by HIV status. We used inverse weighted probability multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression to examine changes in IPV between the two periods and if changes in IPV differed by HIV status. ResultsA quarter of adolescent mothers had experienced any IPV during COVID-19, quadruple prepandemic levels (24.7% vs. 6.0%). The increase was driven by surges in physical (+15.7%) and psychological (+11.2%) IPV. In both periods, psychosocial and physical IPV were the most prevalent forms and the most common combination among those who had experienced multiple forms of IPV. Exposure to any IPV was significantly more prevalent among those LHIV compared to those without HIV, prepandemic (9.5% vs. 4.1%, p = .026) and during COVID-19 (31.8% vs. 20.6%, p < .001). Adjusted models revealed an 18.2% significant increase in the average predicted probability of reporting IPV during COVID-19 compared to prepandemic, with no differential effect by HIV status. DiscussionAdolescent mothers experienced a significantly higher burden of IPV during COVID-19 than prepandemic, with those LHIV experiencing the highest level. Initiatives to reduce IPV need to reach adolescent mothers, particularly those living with HIV.

Figure Skating Musculoskeletal Injury: Evidence across Disciplines, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.

This review provides a synopsis of current injury patterns, potential mechanisms, and off-ice exercise prevention considerations as the sport of figure skating evolves. The lifetime prevalence of injury for all skaters is estimated to be 79.5%, with the most common sites being spine and lower extremity. Singles skaters more often develop chronic injuries compared to acute (68.9% vs 31.1%), whereas non-singles skaters more often experience acute injuries. Lower limb stress fracture prevalence ranges from 10% to 21.4% across disciplines. Emerging contributors include training volume, technical difficulty and repetition of complex elements (multirotational jumps, lifts, holds), extreme ranges of movement about the spine and hip, age and experience level, and functional capacity (dynamic strength, flexibility, balance, and neuromotor control). Prevention programs in competitive figure skaters may include monitoring of training volumes, emphasis on technique, appropriate boot fit, and strength and conditioning content to prepare for increasing neuromotor, balance, and power demands of the sport.

PARAPHILIA AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS: PREVALENCE AND PATHOGENESIS

Introduction - Paraphilia disorders are defined as an abnormal intense sexual deviant followed by behaviors to fulfill fierce sexual erotic activities. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder marked by the appearance of a depressed mood, decreased interest, poor cognitive function, and vegetative symptoms including sleep or eating disorders. There is a study about the prevalence of paraphilia in the US, 15,9%. Meanwhile, there is about 6,1% of the prevalence of depressive disorders in Indonesia. According to DSM-5, Paraphilias, and paraphilia-related disorders, depressive disorders are the most frequent comorbid axis I diagnoses with a lifetime prevalence of life by 56%. Based on these case numbers, this study aims to discuss the correlation between these two events. Methods - Researchers used several journals and textbooks discussing the prevalence and pathogenesis of paraphilia and major depressive disorders; and the correlation between these two disorders. Results - Paraphilias are rarely diagnosed in clinical settings because many cases of paraphilia are related to illegal and criminal acts (such as sexual harassment), and reporting methods are unreliable, meanwhile depression is ubiquitous in both high and low-income countries. This shows that any government needs to be aware of the effects of depressive disorders. Those who have not sought treatment are still high, amounting to 87 to 91% of depressive disorders that have not sought treatment. Discuss - There is a significant correlation between paraphilia and major depressive disorder, MDD is one of the paraphilia-related disorders comorbid axis I diagnosis with a lifespan prevalence of 56%. From the pathogenesis, monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin serve a modulatory role in human sexual motivation, appetitive, and consummatory behavior. Conclusion - In pathogenesis, there's a degradation in function, amount, and production of neurotransmitter monoamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin that cause the person with paraphilia usually show symptoms such as mood changes, decreased interest, depression, decreased cognitive function, and the appearance of vegetative-related symptoms such as impaired appetite or sleep activity. Keywords: paraphilias, depression, pathogenesis.

Differential prevalence of psychiatric disorders and mental health characteristics associated with lifetime suicide attempts in the Asian American and Pacific Islander adult population

BackgroundAsian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) adults are an understudied group in terms of their mental health and mental healthcare needs. This has been complicated by the difficulty of recruiting adequate national samples of AAPI adults for research. ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze national data to examine the lifetime prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among AAPI adults relative to non-AAPI adults, as well as to identify and compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with lifetime suicide attempts among AAPI and non-AAPI adults. MethodsCross-sectional data on 36,109 adults, including 1801 AAPI adults, from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), were analyzed with a series of chi-square and logistic regression analyses. ResultsWe found a significantly lower lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders in the AAPI versus the non-AAPI population nationally, including 2% of AAPI adults reporting lifetime suicide attempts as compared to about 5% of non-AAPI adults. Female sex and a history of major depressive disorder diagnosis were associated with lifetime suicide attempts in the AAPI and non-AAPI populations. Several unique factors were associated with having a history of suicide attempts in only the AAPI population, including a military service history and a diagnosis of panic disorder. DiscussionOur analysis demonstrated the significant sectors of the AAPI population that merit research, support, and intervention, including the AAPI veteran population. This study identifies several characteristics among AAPI adults that may make them particularly vulnerable to psychiatric problems and suicide risk, which may inform targeted prevention and efforts to provide culturally competent care to this population.

Frequency of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in the elderly - Cross-sectional findings from the German AugUR study.

Introduction Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis appear to affect 2-3% (lifetime prevalence) people worldwide. However, there is little epidemiological data on the prevalence of those two chronic inflammatory skin diseases in the elderly. The aim of this study was to provide frequency estimates of AD and psoriasis obtained from an elderly population in Germany. Methods We examined baseline data from the AugUR study, a cohort study focusing on an aging population within the vicinity of Regensburg, Germany (comprising 1,133 participants with a median age of 76.7 years, 45% being female). We estimated raw frequencies of physician-diagnosed AD and psoriasis from participants' self-reports in personal interviews. These frequencies were adjusted to reflect the demographic distribution of the Bavarian population, considering both gender and age groupings spanning five or ten years. Results Data from 1,133 participants aged 70-95 (45.1% women) were available for analysis. Physician-diagnosed AD was reported by 3.3 % of participants (2.4% from men, 4.3% from women) and 5.6% (95%-CI: 4.3-7.1%) reported physician-diagnosed psoriasis (6.6% in men, 4.3% in women). Age- and gender-standardized frequency estimates for AD were 3.4% (95%-CI: 2.4-4.6, 2.6% in men, 4.3% in women) and 5.3% for psoriasis (95%-CI: 4.1-6.8, 6.3% in men and 4.1% in women). Conclusion This study indicates a lower than previously reported lifetime-prevalence of AD (3.4% vs. 8-10%) and a higher one regarding psoriasis (5.3% vs. 2-4%) in highly aged individuals. More epidemiological research in elderly populations using validated physician diagnoses are desirable.

Neurological manifestations in adult patients with the m.3243A>G variant in mitochondrial DNA

BackgroundThe m.3243A>G variant in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the most common cause of the MELAS (Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) syndrome usually commencing in childhood or adolescence. In...

High lifetime prevalence of regular nitrous oxide use in French medical students

ABSTRACT Background: Although nitrous oxide (N₂O) is increasingly misused recreationally, its use and risks among medical students who have professional access to it are rarely explored. Objectives: To investigate the recreational use of N₂O among medical students in Paris Region (France). Methods: This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire distributed in 2022 through social networks, to all medical students (undergraduate student from the 2nd year of medical studies to residents until the end of the residency) from the six medical universities in Paris Region. We collected demographic characteristics, patterns of N₂O consumption, co-consumptions, and N₂O training (academic course or self-training). Factors associated with N₂O consumption and complications were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions. Results: The questionnaires of 444 students (mean age: 25.9 years (SD = 2.69), 75.5% female, and 63.74% residents) were analyzed. Recreational N₂O consumption was reported by 71.85% of students and 20.50% consumed at least monthly. N₂O consumption was associated with being a resident (versus undergraduate student) (adjusted OR (aOR) = 3.07[1.45–6.72]; p < .01), receiving training on N₂O (aOR) = 3.13[1.84–6.24]; p < .01), and consumption of cannabis (aOR = 18.21[3.47–104.26]; p < .01), ecstasy (aOR = NA, p = .048) and poppers (aOR = 13.9[2.64–77.94]; p < .01). Complications (mainly dizziness, paresthesia and burns) were reported in 8.15% of students consuming N₂O. They were associated with consuming more than 10 balloons per intake (aOR = 6.04[1.32–25.00); p < .01) and inversely associated with receiving training (aOR = 0.35[0.14–0.86]; p = .01). Conclusions: Almost three-quarters of medical students experienced recreational N₂O consumption, particularly with poly-drug use. Given that complications were associated with high consumption and lack of education, risk training and screening for N₂O consumption could be beneficial.

Lifetime Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Men With an Eating Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Lifetime Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Men With an Eating Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Depressive disorders in Chinese left-behind children and adolescents from Yunnan province: prevalence and association with self-harm behaviors

BackgroundThe prevalence of clinically diagnosed depressive disorders (DD) in Chinese left-behind children (LBC) remains unknown. We aim to estimate the prevalence of DD, discuss the associations between DD and self-harm (SH) behaviors in a large representative sample of Chinese LBCs chosen from Yunnan province.MethodsA total of 5462 LBCs were selected from the most recent datasets of the Mental Health Survey for Children and Adolescents in Yunnan (MHSCAY), a mega population-based two-phase cross-sectional survey. Weighted prevalence rates and designed Logistic regression were adopted to estimate the prevalence of DD and the association between DD and SH.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of lifetime and current DD were 4.22% (95% CI: 3.13-6.00%) and 3.84% (95% CI: 2.85-5.00%) in Chinese LBCs. Higher lifetime and current DD prevalence rates were observed in girls and those reported adverse parental marital status and SH behaviors. The absence of DD was associated with significantly decreased odds of SH behavior (OR = 0.06), repetitive SH (OR = 0.09), using multiple SH methods (OR = 0.09), and severe SH (OR = 0.15). Subsequently performed stratified analyses identified prominent effect modification by sex and age, as a stronger association between DD and SH was found in girls (OR = 0.02 versus OR = 0.07 in boys) and younger adolescents (OR = 0.08 versus OR = 0.22 in older adolescents).ConclusionThe prevalence of DD was high in Chinese LBCs. DD was associated with prominently increased risk of SH behaviors in LBCs. Attention and intervention are needed in this vulnerable population.

Cross-sectional survey of 43,517 dogs in the Dog Aging Project identifies owner-reported lifetime prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal disease.

To evaluate the prevalence of and characteristics associated with owner-reported gastrointestinal (GI) disease in companion dogs within the US. Cross-sectional owner-reported survey study of 43,517 dogs enrolled in the DAP between December 26, 2019, and December 31, 2022. Dogs were grouped on the basis of having an owner-reported GI disorder (ORGID) versus not having that ORGID at any point in their history (control group). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between dog characteristics and ORGIDs with prevalence ORs (PORs). Of the 43,517 dogs in the DAP Pack, 30,677 (70%) had no history of ORGIDs and 12,840 (30%) had at least 1 ORGID. The most common ORGIDs included infectious diseases (7,580 of 43,517 [17%]), chronic diarrhea (1,316 [3%]), foreign bodies (1,086 [2%]), anal sac impactions (1,031 [2%]), pancreatitis (857 [2%]), inflammatory GI disease (615 [1%]), chronic vomiting (519 [1%]), and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (388 [1%]). Compared to controls, dogs with noninfectious ORGIDs had greater odds of having a history of being castrated (POR, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.29 to 2.85), underweight (POR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.47 to 1.70), or fed primarily canned food (POR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.21 to 2.85) or receiving probiotics (POR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.58 to 1.81) or nonprescription GI medications (POR, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.80 to 4.33). Dog owners in the US recruited from the general public reported a high prevalence of GI disorders in their dogs. Infectious and noninfectious ORGIDs were reported with approximately equal frequency. Dogs with ORGIDs were more likely to have a history of receiving probiotics or nonprescription GI medications, which may indicate that owners are changing lifestyle practices to accommodate these GI disorders, although future longitudinal research is needed.

Musculoskeletal Disorders at Work among Slovenian Physiotherapists: Prevalence and Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders at work (MSDWs) remain the most common health problem in the European Union, particularly in Slovenia, where the prevalence of MSDWs is slightly above the European average. Despite the extensive literature on MSDWs in the health sector, there is little research on physiotherapists (PTs), especially in Europe. Our previous study showed a high prevalence of MSDWs among PTs, with the lower back, neck, and shoulder being the most affected. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDWs among Slovenian PTs, ergonomic factors, and the association between MSDWs and demographics and MSDWs and ergonomic risk factors. METHODS: The survey covered Slovenian PTs working in different health-care settings, using a non-randomized snowball sample. 198 PTs participated, after excluding 22 incomplete questionnaires, 176 PTs remained in the final sample. Data were collected through questionnaires covering demographics, ergonomic risk factors, and the incidence of pain and discomfort in the body. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of MSDWs among 176 FTs was 97.7%. The most affected body regions were the neck (79.5%), upper back (59.2%) and lower back (51.7%). The 1-year prevalence of MSDWs was 94.9%, with the highest prevalence in the upper back (69.3%), neck (66.5%) and lower back (64.3%). The study identified a weak negative association between the prevalence of MSDWs and factors such as age, working life, and job satisfaction across various body regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the survey confirm a high prevalence of MSDWs among Slovenian PTs, which is comparable to European surveys. Key risk factors include ergonomic load and demographic variables. These data highlight the need to improve working conditions and ergonomic measures in physiotherapy practice. The study contributes to a better understanding of MSDWs among PTs in Slovenia and provides a basis for further research and interventions to reduce the risk of MSDWs.

A Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence Research in Canada.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is at epidemic levels across low-, middle-, and high-income countries, including Canada, where recent lifetime prevalence indicated that over 40% of women had IPV experiences. In response to this, Canada's federal government has made investments toward IPV prevention and response. We conducted a scoping review of English and French literature identified through searches of multiple databases and specific journals to assess the current state of IPV research in Canada. A total of 267 articles met inclusion criteria of being peer-reviewed research primarily about IPV in either French or English published from 2020 to 2022 with at least one Canadian-affiliated author. Almost a third of studies described services for survivors but did not evaluate service effectiveness. We noted a significant gap in research on the IPV experiences of gender and/or sexual minorities. Canada's federal social science research funding agency was the most common funder, with the two federal government departments with specific IPV funding initiatives in place cited as funding less than 6% of included studies. In general, there remains an overfocus on IPV epidemiology and on descriptions of service use, and not enough research examining the effectiveness and implementation of interventions, especially grounded in theoretical, gendered, and trauma- and violence-informed frameworks. Funders and researchers are encouraged to consider moving resources from ongoing description of well-established factors to assessment and implementation of evidence-informed interventions, and, crucially, primary prevention of IPV and all forms of gender-based violence.

Atopic dermatitis and hand eczema in Danish adults: A nationwide population-based study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema often co-occur, particularly among adults. To examine the interplay between AD and hand eczema in the general population, by characterising prevalence, disease severity, contact sensitization, and comorbidities in individuals with one or both conditions. In this cross-sectional study, 100 000 randomly selected adults in the Danish general population received a questionnaire via a secure, digital mailbox linked to their civil registration number. Participants answered questions regarding eczema, disease severity, patch testing, and comorbidities. A total of 40 007 individuals responded to the question on a lifetime prevalence of AD, and the prevalence among adult Danes was 9.0%. Nearly one third of individuals with AD reported moderate to severe disease. AD was associated with contact sensitization and increased hand eczema prevalence. Individuals with both AD and hand eczema reported worse disease severity. Furthermore, having both conditions was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric comorbidities. This study provided updated information about unselected adults with AD in Denmark. Individuals with both AD and hand eczema represent a vulnerable subgroup that physicians should be attentive to.

Divorce Among Surgeons and Other Physicians in the United States.

To compare divorce prevalence among surgeons with that of non-surgeon physicians. The demanding nature of a career in surgery uniquely challenges the social wellbeing of a surgeon; however, its impact on marital health has not yet been well described. A cross-sectional study was conducted using publicly available U.S. Census data from 2017-2021 to investigate prevalence of divorce across different occupations. Survey respondents were divided into two groups, surgeons and non-surgeon physicians, with the remaining Census participants as a control. All participants under the age of 18 were excluded to focus on the U.S. adult population. Lifetime prevalence of divorce was measured across occupations and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with divorce. Secondarily, the occurrence of more than one marriage was used to supplement understanding of marital health. A total of 3,171 surgeons and 51,660 non-surgeon physicians were identified, with both groups similarly aged (51.6 and 50.2y, respectively) and predominately male (82.9% and 61.9%, respectively). In unadjusted analysis, 21.3% (676/3,171) of surgeons had undergone a divorce compared to only 17.9% (9,252/51,660) of non-surgeon physicians, a 19% increase in risk of divorce (Risk ratio [RR]=1.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.11-1.28). Both surgeons and non-surgeon physicians were significantly less likely to report being divorced compared with the general population. The increased divorce prevalence among surgeons persisted in multivariable analysis that adjusted for age, age at time of marriage, sex, race, income, hours worked per week, and number of children in the household, with surgeons experiencing a 22% increased prevalence of divorce over non-surgical physicians (adjusted divorce prevalence of 21.8% vs. 18.7%, respectively; odds ratio [OR]=1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.35). In subgroup analysis, the finding of higher divorce prevalence for surgeons over non-surgeon physicians was concentrated among men (adjusted divorce prevalence: 22.6% of male surgeons vs. 18.9% of male non-surgeon physicians; adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.11-1.42), White (adjusted divorce prevalence: 22.4% of white surgeons vs. 19.1% of white non-surgeons; adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.09-1.38) and Asian surgeons (adjusted divorce prevalence: 12.0% of Asian surgeons vs. 8.1% of Asian non-surgeons; adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI, 1.06-2.26), with the effect not present in other measured subgroups. Both surgeons and physicians have lower divorce prevalence than the general population. Surgeons exhibit higher prevalence of divorce compared with non-surgeon physicians, with measured demographic and work characteristics insufficient to explain this difference.