Life Threat Research Articles

A cross-sectional survey on health care professionals' approaches, challenges, and support needs when addressing life threat with recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with their relatives.

Patients treated with an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) face a significant mortality risk, which might trigger existential distress. We aimed to investigate how hematology health care professionals (HCPs) address life-threatening conditions with allo-SCT recipients and their relatives, and what are challenging and supportive aspects. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey, assessing: (1) HCPs' approaches to address life threat, using a self-developed questionnaire with 19 items categorized in four dimensions (proactive, cautious, reactive, avoiding), (2) challenges/support needs, using self-developed multiple-choice questions, and (3) personal attitudes towards death (Death Acceptance subscale of the Life Attitude Profile-Revised; Death Attitude Profile-Revised). Statistics included association, regression and exploratory factor analysis. We included 104 participants (52 physicians, 45 nurses, 7 psycho-oncologists) from the settings of SCT, general hematology and intensive care. Physicians predominantly addressed life threat proactively, while nurses tended to raise the topic when prompted by patients or a clinical worsening. Overall, 10% of HCPs stated to avoid the topic, even in case of a high risk of death. HCPs' approaches correlated weakly with their attitudes towards death. A main challenge was to talk with patients/relatives repressing the risk of death (72%). More time resources for these conversations (71%), and mentoring by palliative-care specialists (67%) or psycho-oncologists (65%) were the most frequent support needs. This comprehensive survey reveals strong differences between professions in addressing life threat, and possible influence from personal death attitudes. Further confirmatory research in larger samples is needed to tailor communication trainings on life threat in multi-professional teams. Registration:German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00027290, date of registration: 2022-01-10.

MiR-211 regulates cutaneous wound healing through inhibiting inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress by binding SOX11.

Loss of skin integrity due to a wound or disease can lead to severe disability or even life threat. The highly expressed microRNAs in the skin are of great significance for skin development. The investigation purposed to explore the effect and mechanism of miR-211 on inflammation, oxidative stress and migration in keratinocytes. The HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to establish a wound-healing model. The expression of miR-211 was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cell function was reflected in proliferative ability, migration, apoptosis, and inflammation, which were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Transwell test, flow cytometry technique, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The target of miR-211 was verified by luciferase luminescence measurements. H2O2 inhibited HaCaT cell proliferation, migration, and promoted cell apoptosis, accompanied with the downregulation of miR-211. H2O2 led to inflammatory response and oxidative damage to HaCaT. MiR-211 promoted proliferation and migration, but improved cell apoptosis of HaCaT. The role of H2O2 on inflammatory response and oxidative stress was alleviated by miR-211. SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) was a targeted mediator of miR-211. SOX11 reversed the influence of miR-211 on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. MiR-211 regulated proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress of keratinocytes by mediating SOX11, thus participating in cutaneous wound healing.

Complex Health Needs in Hurricane-Affected Youth and Their Families: Barriers, Vulnerabilities, and Mental Health Outcomes.

Youth with complex health needs (CHNs; e.g., requiring daily assistance or equipment for care) and their parents face heightened vulnerabilities during natural disasters, potentially leading to poorer mental health outcomes compared to those without CHNs. However, limited research has focused on this group's disaster-related experiences and their impact on mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the disaster experiences, perceptions, and mental health outcomes of youth with CHNs and their parents' post-hurricane and to evaluate the unique influence of CHN- and disaster-related factors on their psychological functioning. Parents (N = 142) of youth with CHNs (n = 48) and without CHNs (n = 94) who experienced a hurricane reported on their youth's and their own psychological functioning, disaster perceptions, experiences, and CHN-related information. Youth with CHNs exhibited greater perceived life threat compared to youth without CHNs. Families of youth with CHNs were more likely to evacuate and faced greater evacuation barriers. They also exhibited greater PTS, depressive, and anxiety symptom severity compared to those without CHNs. Financial healthcare concerns were not associated with youth with CHNs or their parents' mental health symptomatology. Hurricane-impeded access to healthcare necessities was associated with youth and parent PTS and depressive symptom severity and youth anxiety symptom severity. These findings underscore the vulnerabilities of youth with CHNs and their parents' post-hurricane, emphasizing the need for tailored mental health services and improved disaster planning resources to support this population effectively.

Copper induced augmentation of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii MCC 3114.

Increasing antibiotic resistance among the common nosocomial pathogen i.e. Acinetobacter baumannii poses life threat to the health care workers as well as to the society. The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen at an alarming rate could be not only due to the overuse of antibiotics but also due to the stress caused by exposure of bacterium to several environmental contaminants in their niches. In the present study, effect of copper stress on augmentation in the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii MCC 3114 against three clinically used antibiotics was investigated along with the phenotypic and genotypic alterations in the cell. It induced 8, 44 and 22-fold increase in resistance against colistin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, the biofilm formation of adapted culture was significantly enhanced due to a dense EPS around the cell (as revealed by SEM images). The structural changes in EPS were demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy. The adequate growth of adapted MCC 3114 despite increased level of ROS indicates its persistence in copper and ROS stress. The physiological alterations in cell viz., increased efflux pump activity and decreased membrane permeability was observed. Molecular analysis revealed increased expression of efflux pump related genes, oxidative stress genes, integron and antibiotic resistance genes. In sum, our study revealed that the exposure of the critical pathogen, A. baunmannii to copper in hospital settings and environmental reservoirs can impose adaptive pressure which may lead to genotypic as well phenotypic changes in cell resulting into the augmentation of antibiotic resistance.

Creation of Aerial Arecanut Dataset and Aerial Arecanut Ripeness Level Detection using Deep Neural Networks

Background: Arecanut, a commercially significant crop grown across various regions of the country and contributes significantly to India’s global ranking as the second-largest producer. Harvesting arecanut at precise stages is paramount to achieve optimal yields. Typically, this task requires minimum of two skilled individuals: a professional tree climber proficient in nut plucking and another adept at assessing ripeness. Before proceeding to harvest all the arecanuts, the climber picks one or two nuts and indicates the other person to check it for ripeness assessment. The assessor verifies ripeness by peeling the nut with teeth and uses roti/dhoti (an equipment used to harvest arecanut) to harvest arecanut if it is ripened. Inaccurate predictions can lead to significant crop losses. Manual harvesting, while effective, presents challenges such as labour shortages, time consumption, and potential for life-threatening circumstances. Methods: To address these challenges this paper presents the creation of aerial arecanut dataset and accurate ripeness detection of arecanut using Deep Neural Networks (DNN) such as AlexNet and VGG-16. Images of Arecanut bunch are fed as input to the DNN. The features like colour, shape, texture, etc., will be extracted and given as input features to the classifier. The classifier will categorize the arecanut into three classes: unripened, intermediate and ripened. Result: The accuracy of classification of arecanut ripeness level is 94.58% and 96.87% using AlexNet and VGG-16 respectively. If this model is integrated in roti/dhoti, the life of the human being can be saved. Or if this model is integrated with the climber unit and cutter unit, it will transform the arecanut harvesting system into a fully automated harvesting system and further it reduces the man power required to harvest the arecanut, overcomes the life threats during harvesting and arecanut harvesting process becomes faster compared to the conventional method.

An injectable extracellular matrix-mimicking conductive hydrogel for sequential treatment of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke (IS), the primary health and life threat, frequently results in significant neurological impairment. Current research on IS treatment concentrates mainly on modulating the inflammatory microenvironment, often overlooking the significance of electric fields in brain tissue regeneration. Developing microenvironment-responsive conductive hydrogel strategies for IS treatment presents a considerable challenge. Achieving a balance between ensuring hydrogel stability for sustained conductivity and a swift response to inflammation is a complex tradeoff. In this work, we innovatively grafted polyaniline-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-aminophenyl boronic acid onto gelatin (GM), which allows GM to engage in cross-linking reactions, forming a stable, multi-conductive hydrogel network. To enhance microenvironmental regulation and sequential treatment, pluronic F-127 grafted with lipoic acid was used to encapsulate aniracetam into PSA NPs, which were then embedded into the HA/GM/PSA hydrogel. Within the inflammatory microenvironment, boronate bonds break, releasing PSA NPs that reshape the environment while the hydrogel maintains its conductivity. Physical and electrochemical characterizations of the hydrogels revealed that they closely match the modulus (1–1.3 kPa) and conductivity (0.93 mS/cm) of brain tissue. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the hydrogels provide excellent antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory functions, promote vascular regeneration, and mitigate neuronal apoptosis. Collectively, this strategy advances brain tissue repair following IS by synergistically enhancing long-term conductivity and rapid microenvironment remodeling.

Family Needs of Patients Admitted in The Intensive Care Unit: A Meta-Synthesis

The life threats for patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is higher compared to other care units. The magnitude of the life threats in the ICU not only causes anxiety for patients but also for other families. The family has crucial roles in supporting the patient's recovery, so the holistic needs of the patient's family also require to be considered. This meta-synthesis aimed to synthesize findings from qualitative studies that explored and described the needs of families while accompanying patients in the ICU. A systematic literature search from online databases was used to conduct a qualitative meta-synthesis, which was then evaluated using Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) checklist for Qualitative Study. Literature that fit the requirements was further analyzed. Three main themes that were fundamental for families were revealed including the need for information, the need for family involvement in patient care, and the need for visiting time for the family. Understanding the family as a unit brings benefits to the patient. It is essential to adapt professional practice strategies that involve families in the daily care of critical patients. Further research is required on how to carry out interventions that translate this knowledge into nursing care practices and actions.

The Growing Cybersecurity Crisis in Healthcare: A Call to Action

Electronic healthcare technology is pervasive throughout the globe, and it affords vast opportunities to enhance clinical outcomes, as well as for the transformation of models of care. Concerns are, however, growing, related to healthcare data and device security. Increased connectivity to legacy computer networks brought cybersecurity vulnerabilities for medical devices. Healthcare represents an attractive target for cybercrime because healthcare data is precious. This sector in present times is full of unique cybersecurity challenges, especially for susceptible kinds of patient information at stake. Second, many legacy systems will be prevalent—not adding more to that—with the changing face of cyber threats. Cybersecurity breaches have comprised stealing health information and focused ransomware attacks on hospitals; this could mean as vivid an attack as on implanted medical devices. This only points to the fact that ransomware attacks and other kinds of cyber-attacks against hospitals and other medical facilities are gaining ground; there is every reason to get alarmed and put in place stricter cybersecurity measures. An excellent healthcare cybersecurity strategy, therefore, has to consider access control, intrusion detection systems, encryption techniques, and periodic security testing. Data breaches and cyber-attacks are forcing any healthcare provider to invest in new state-of-the-art technologies related to keeping pace with trends regarding cybersecurity. The dangers that can be caused by cyber-attack include a considerable diminution in patient trust, potential health system collapse, human life threats, etc. On the whole, cybersecurity is strenuously linked with the question of patient safety.

Forensic Medical Evaluation of Non-Fatal Traumatic Head Bone Fractures

Head bone fractures are encountered in forensic medicine practice due to their origin. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic data, injury characteristics, clinical findings accompanying bone fractures and forensic reports of cases with skull fractures and to share them with the literature. In this study, cases with non-fatal traumatic skull fractures that did not result in death admitted to our department during the 10-year period between 01.01.2014 and 31.12.2023 were included in the study. Hospital documents and investigation documents of the cases were retrospectively analyzed. It was determined that 75.6% of the cases were male and the mean age was 37±9.6 years. It was determined that 56.2% of the skull fractures occurred as a result of traffic accidents, the most common fracture was the frontal bone (n=206, 53.4%) and 54.1% of the cases were linear fractures. In our study, it was determined that skull fractures were most common in males, in the young adult age group, most commonly due to traffic accidents, and in the form of linear fractures in the frontal bone. The findings were consistent with the literature. When preparing a forensic report on skull fractures, the location of the fracture, the type of fracture and the number of fractures are important in terms of determining the life threat and the effect of the fracture on life functions.

Prehospital Antibiotic Administration for Suspected Open Fractures: Joint COT/OTA/ACEP/NAEMSP/NAEMT Position Statement

One of the primary concerns associated with open fractures is the development of a fracture-related infection (FRI). To minimize the risk of developing an FRI and subsequent morbidity, prophylactic antibiotics should be administered to patients with open fractures as soon as possible. While the antibiotic recommendations for severe open fractures are somewhat debatable, the use of a cephalosporin remains a mainstay of prophylactic treatment. Though administration of prehospital antibiotics does represent an expansion of EMS responsibilities, there have been several other treatment expansions in the prehospital setting, such as the administration of tranexamic acid and the application of pelvic binders. The administration of antibiotics, specifically cefazolin, is inexpensive, technically simple, and does not require special storage. The following recommendations are supported by and represent consensus of the COT, OTA, ACEP, NAEMSP and NAEMT with regards to prehospital antibiotic prophylaxis for suspected fractures: In a responsive patient with no history of penicillin or cephalosporin allergy, the administration by EMS of a 1st generation cephalosporin should be performed after the management of life threats. This intervention should not delay transport. In an obtunded patient, the administration by EMS of a 1st generation cephalosporin should be performed after the management of life-threats. This intervention should not delay transport. In a responsive patient with a documented penicillin allergy, the administration by EMS of a 1st generation cephalosporin should be performed with close monitoring after the management of life-threats. This intervention should not delay transport.

Psychological stability of the individual in extreme situations

ObjectiveThe main purpose of this study is to consider the factors influencing the stability of the human mental system in extreme situations. MethodsThe study used structural and functional methods, dialectical methods, synthesis, logical analysis, and generalisation. A survey was also conducted with 70 participants divided into two age groups, using empirical methods such as the “Research of volitional self-regulation” test, the “Diagnostics of emotional barriers in interpersonal communication” methodology, and the “Self-assessment test of mental state”. ResultsIt was found that extreme events have a psychogenic impact, which includes both direct threats to human life and indirect threats. Psychological stability is a protective characteristic that enhances a person's ability to adapt to environmental conditions and mitigates the harmful effects of stress. Individuals with higher stress tolerance maintained mental health, social adaptation, and professional efficiency in difficult conditions. The study revealed that the second group (aged 30–40) demonstrated a higher level of psychological stress resistance compared to the first group (aged 18–25). ConclusionThis paper is practically important, since all theoretical provisions, conclusions, and recommendations can be used by psychologists or other specialists to increase knowledge about the impact of extreme situations on the psychological stress tolerance of a person, and to improve the system of methods of working with people who have fallen into such circumstances.

The life threat in hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation - an interview and focus group study on health care professionals' perspectives.

Understanding healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences with patients undergoing hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is crucial, given its dual nature of offering a hope for cure which on the other hand is accompanied by a high risk for morbidity and mortality. Yet, how HCPs experience their patients' existential threats remains unexplored. Qualitative thematic content analysis was employed to comprehend these experiences. This involved conducting three focus groups and 11 individual in-depth interviews with nurses and hematologists. We found that HCPs struggled to balance curative goals and the therapy's risks, while attempting to maintain their patients' hopes. The unpredictability of patient trajectories and their suffering burdened HCPs. Despite occasional disagreements within the team, (inter-)professional exchanges remained a crucial ressource, especially in addressing the patients' potential life threat. Team meetings and palliative care specialist supervisions were emphasized as vital for managing these challenges. HCPs sought support in communicating with patients about death-related issues and managing the transition from a curative to a palliative goal of care. Our research underscores the need for targeted support for HCPs and lays a groundwork for addressing their challenges. Trial registration number DRKS00027290 (German Clinical Trials Register). Date of trial registration January 10th, 2022.

Environment Aspects and Daily Life-Threatening Risk Prediction for Improving Public Health Using Ensemble Learning Techniques

Increasing work nature in the fastest world need relaxing to maintain public health is important. But the continuous imbalance of work nature in human daily life doesn’t have time to consecrate the health with leads life threatening facts such as work tension, management stress, job professional, family needs, improper periodic work cycle, and soon. By analyzing the daily public life threatening risk prediction based on Feature selection and classification to category the public health to recommend for phycological treatment. By suggesting treatment schedule are important to balance the public health Lifecyle to make stress free life to spent with nature. Most of prevailing techniques analyse the life-threatening issues, but the features are improperly to taken without the mutual relation cause poor accuracy in precision and classifications rate with more false prediction rate. To tackle this issue, to propose an optimized ensemble learning Techniques based on multi scalar support vector machine (MSSVM) with deep scaled XGboost classifier (DSXG-boost) to improve the prediction accuracy. Initially the public life Cycle dataset is collected and to make normalization using Min-max normalization. Then the Public Life Threat Impact Rate (PLTIR) is analysed to marginalize the heath affecting features. Then then stress margin dependencies feature limits are selected with support of MSSVM. The selected features are grouped in cluster margins and classified with deep scaled XG boost algorithm to predict the active and inactive heath margin be categorized by risk threaten class. The proposed system prove the prediction accuracy in higher precision are by selecting mutual dependencies of health affection feature limits and best recall rate to improve the performance. Based on the predicted class, the categorized life threaten risk peoples are recommends to make phycological treatment to protect the public life cycle.

Improving posttraumatic stress disorder assessment in young children: comparing measures and identifying clinically-relevant symptoms in children ages six and under

Young children exposed to trauma are vulnerable to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although experts agree on the importance of tailoring PTSD assessments to be developmentally-appropriate for young children, there is little research on which assessment methods best identify clinically significant symptomatology in this difficult-to-assess population. Two competing models for assessing PTSD have been proposed by the DSM-5 and ICD-11. This study compared a DSM-5 measure to an ICD-11 measure in young children (ages 1–6) exposed to a natural disaster. The measures identified similar rates of PTSD in children; however, diagnostic agreement between the measures was low (31–36%). Both PTSD measures were associated with actual and perceived life threat, functional impairment, and comorbid psychopathology. PTSD symptom and cluster endorsement rates were also binned by age and compared to functional impairment to identify commonly-reported and highly impairing symptoms in trauma-exposed young children, as potential candidates for inclusion in future revisions of diagnostic criteria. Across age ranges, increased clinginess post-trauma was the most commonly reported symptom and was associated with functional impairment. Arousal symptoms (startle, hypervigilance) and Re-experiencing symptoms (nightmares) also emerged as relevant for young children. Findings may contribute to efforts to improve assessment for PTSD in young children.

Proactive Identification of Live Cyber Threats in IoT-Enhanced Security Systems

Proactive Identification of Live Cyber Threats in IoT-Enhanced Security Systems

The Impact of Early Childhood Life Adversity on Peripubertal Accelerated Epigenetic Aging and Psychopathology

To examine longitudinal associations between early life threat and deprivation on epigenetic age acceleration at ages 9 and 15 years, and to examine associations of age acceleration on later internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The study examines a large (n= 2,039) and racially diverse (Black/African American= 44%, Latino= 18%, White= 5%) sample from a national dataset. Epigenetic age acceleration was estimated using the pediatric buccal epigenetic clock. Early life threat and deprivation were measured using composites from the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale and county-level violent and property crime rate data. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms came from parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. Path analysis models examined associations of threat and deprivation at age 3 years on epigenetic age acceleration at ages 9 and 15. Experiences of threat were further broken down into threat experienced in the home and in the community. Home threat experienced at age 3 years predicted age acceleration at 9 and 15, and community threat experienced at 3 predicted age acceleration at 15, but not at 9. Deprivation was not a significant predictor of accelerated aging. Age acceleration at age 9 predicted externalizing, but not internalizing, symptoms at age 15. Community threat had a direct effect on externalizing. No association emerged with internalizing. Findings revealed that threat, not deprivation, was predictive of age acceleration, demonstrating support for this pattern longitudinally, using an epigenetic clock that is accurate in children. The findings provide critical nuance to the examination of threat, and highlight associated risks and possible intervention points for externalizing symptoms.

Navigating Intellectual Property Rights: Patentability and Market Exclusivity for Orphan Drugs in The Evolving Landscape

Intellectual property is an intangible property created with the endeavor of human intellect. This concept is formulated for the recognition and value for the inventions, creation of mind, literary or artistic work, designs, and traditional knowledge can be given recognition by providing Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual property is necessary for the progress and well-being of the humanity so that new inventions and creations, further innovations are encouraged. Patent gives exclusive rights for product and process whereby without the permission of the patent owner invention cannot be commercialized. Patent Law is developed as per the standards prescribed in the TRIPS agreement globally. Patent rights are also granted for drugs as pharmaceutical research is expensive and unpredictable. Pharmaceutical sector protects their inventions by product or process patent rights. Nowadays rare diseases or orphan’s diseases caused by genetic alterations have become a threat for human life. It has become a necessity to develop new drugs or orphan drugs to treat these rare disorders even though it is fewer in numbers. In US and EU once a drug receives the status of orphan is attained the protection is limited to 10 to 12 years of protection from commercialization. In such scenario the companies who have spent millions for their Research and Development will not be in a situation to take back the investment. High revenue or capital investment is hindering the development of orphan drugs. Orphan drug exclusivity with the patent protection will definitely help in encouraging more inventions for rare diseases thereby generating a world without disease. This paper surmises upon the importance of patent to orphan drugs and exclusivity to the manufactures which can be achieved only by appropriate policy decisions and regulatory framework.

Predictive models and applicability of artificial intelligence-based approaches in drug allergy.

Drug allergy is responsible for a huge burden on public healthcare systems, representing in some instances a threat for patient's life. Diagnosis is complex due to the heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes and mechanisms involved, the limitations of in vitro tests, and the associated risk to in vivo tests. Predictive models, including those using recent advances in artificial intelligence, may circumvent these drawbacks, leading to an appropriate classification of patients and improving their management in clinical settings. Scores and predictive models to assess drug allergy development, including patient risk stratification, are scarce and usually apply logistic regression analysis. Over recent years, different methods encompassed under the general umbrella of artificial intelligence, including machine and deep learning, and artificial neural networks, are emerging as powerful tools to provide reliable and optimal models for clinical diagnosis, prediction, and precision medicine in different types of drug allergy. This review provides general concepts and current evidence supporting the potential utility of predictive models and artificial intelligence branches in drug allergy diagnosis.

Factors associated with depression among war-affected population in Northeast, Ethiopia

BackgroundDepression is the most common mental health outcome of exposure to war-related traumatic stressors. Due to inter-communal conflict, Dessie City residents have experienced prolonged armed conflict in 2021. This conflict leads to widespread violence, negative impact on mental health, and large-scale forced migration. However, the problem is not properly addressed in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression in the war-affected area in Dessie City, Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study design was conducted among 785 participants in 2022. The study subjects were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The outcome measures used in the study were validated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data was entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to depression. In multivariable logistic regression variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant and, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was used to present the strength of the association.ResultThe prevalence of depression among participants was found to be 24.5% (95% CI,21.7, 27.5). In multivariable analysis, post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.76–4.43), middle-perceived life threats (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI 2.47–17.49), low social support (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.23–2.96) were variables significantly associated with depression.ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of depression among Dessie City residents. post-traumatic stress disorder, middle-perceived life threats, and low social support were associated with depression. Interventional strategies should be implemented to promote healing, resilience, and the overall well-being of individuals and communities. However, the findings underscore the need to address the current lack of mental health care resources in post-conflict populations.

Czech Republic butterfly barcoding reveals that distribution of genetic lineages depends on species traits

AbstractAimThe distribution of within‐species lineages has been affected by Quaternary climate changes, and population differentiation has been influenced by species life history traits. We investigated whether the distribution of individual mitochondrial genetic lineages reflects the constituent species' traits. Using the functionally diverse group of butterflies, we examined which lineages are present in Central Europe, an important suture zone.LocationCzech Republic and Western Palearctic.TaxonA total of 140 butterfly species.MethodsWe sequenced DNA barcodes (cytochrome c oxidase 1) (959 sequences) of the entire Czech Republic butterfly fauna and used Barcoding of Life Data System to visualise the species' biogeographic patterns across Europe. We categorised the distribution patterns of lineages inhabiting the Czech Republic, and used multivariate statistics to interpret these categories by the butterflies' habitats, life history traits and threat levels.ResultsOpen habitat dwellers with specialist traits belonged to Eastern, Southern and temperate lineages. Habitat generalists and woodland dwellers belonged to the Western lineage, formed several lineages or displayed low genetic diversity; they often developed on woody plants, were large‐winged and had long flight periods. The most threatened species were the specialists of Southern, Eastern and temperate lineages.Main ConclusionsThe distribution of lineages in Central Europe reflects the history of Quaternary ecosystems: during cold periods of the Pleistocene, the diverse open habitats prevailed and species could expand westwards. Such species also suffer the most under the current anthropogenic habitat alteration. On the other hand, the mobile generalists and woodland dwellers expanded to Central Europe during the Holocene. Our approach of linking the distribution of lineages with species traits can be transferred to other study systems, and we show that DNA barcoding of under‐sampled areas represents a powerful tool for discovering the driving forces of biogeography.