Lifestyle-related Disorders Research Articles

Function-based risk reduction intervention for lifestyle-related disorders among inactive 40-year-old people: a pilot randomised controlled trial

Background Interventions for preventing or reducing the development of lifestyle-related disorders should be investigated as these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent and having large effects on quality of life and life expectancy globally. The aim of this pilot study was to prepare for a full-scale randomised controlled trial by evaluating the short-term changes resulting from a function-based preventive intervention aimed at lifestyle-related disorders on a small group of physically inactive 40-year-old people. Change in objectively measured physical activity, functional capacity according to a risk profile, and goal attainment were main outcomes.MethodsParticipants (n = 27) underwent functional examinations including tests of fitness, strength, mobility, balance, and posture as well as standard medical examinations including weight measures, blood pressure and blood tests and were randomised to two groups. The intervention group (n = 15) received feedback from all the examinations and lifestyle counselling based on a functional profile. The control group (n = 12) received feedback only from the standard medical examination. Follow-up was at 3–4 months. Changes in physical activity measured with accelerometers, functional levels on the functional profile, goal attainment and subjective assessments of health-related quality of life, motivation, function, and physical activity were examined, as were standard medical parameters.ResultsChange in mean time in moderate or more intense physical activity was 9 min higher in the intervention group (95% confidence interval -6.35, 24.51) and change in sedentary time was 42 min lower (-95.24, 11.32). The intervention group showed a higher increase in motivation for change 1.58 on 10-point scale (0.20, 2.97) and indicated more improvement on the functional risk levels concerning fitness (-0.06, 0.90). Correlation between objectively measured and self-assessed physical activity and function increased after the intervention. Most participants in the intervention group achieved some or all of their goals.ConclusionsThis small-scale pilot intervention with functional examinations and lifestyle counselling showed positive tendencies for change in short-term physical activity level. It seemed to lead to better understanding of personal functional capacity and increased motivation for lifestyle changes. Setting and fulfilling meaningful goals for lifestyle-related changes seemed to influence levels on the functional profile in positive directions. Research on larger and more diverse populations will be necessary to better understand the implications of the intervention.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05535296 first posted on 10/09/2022.

The Impact of Viruddhahara on Lifestyle Disorders: An Ayurvedic Perspective

Abstract: Ayurveda, an ancient medical system, highlights the significance of Ahara (diet) in maintaining health and preventing disease. A core aspect of Ayurvedic theory is the concept of Viruddhahara, which refers to incompatible food combinations that are believed to disrupt the equilibrium of the body's Doshas, potentially leading to various health complications. This review examines the concept of Viruddhahara and its implications for contemporary lifestyle-related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current fast-paced environment, improper eating habits and the proliferation of fast food have led to widespread consumption of Viruddhahara, contributing to metabolic disturbances and chronic conditions. Ayurveda categorizes Viruddhahara into several types, including incompatibilities based on properties, timing, and combinations. For instance, the pairing of fish with milk or the consumption of heated honey serves as examples of how such food combinations can negatively impact health. The review emphasizes the importance of adhering to dietary guidelines to prevent disturbances in Dosha and the degradation of body tissues, which are essential for preserving health. With the rising incidence of lifestyle-related disorders, it is crucial to understand the scientific underpinnings of Viruddhahara and its role in disease etiology. This research aims to enhance awareness about the adverse effects of incompatible diets and to advocate for the incorporation of Ayurvedic principles into contemporary dietary practices. By conducting a thorough review of classical Ayurvedic texts alongside modern research, this study seeks to establish a framework for integrating Ayurvedic dietary principles into modern lifestyles, offering a comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of lifestyle-related diseases.

An Overview of the Naturopathic Medicine Protocol Used in Inpatient Yoga and Naturopathy Hospitals in India: The Prakriti Shakti Protocol.

Naturopathic medicine is a popular form of complementary and alternative medicine systems practiced worldwide. This study provides an overview of a typical inpatient yoga and naturopathy protocol followed in India. Naturopathic medicine is commonly used in the management of certain lifestyle-related disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, endocrine disorders, and neurological disorders. Moreover, naturopathic medicine integrates different lifestyle medicine practices, such as yoga, diet, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, and color therapy into its treatment plans. Moreover, India is one of the few countries that offer naturopathy treatments through inpatient hospitals. Although the clinical efficacy of naturopathic medicine practices in various pathological conditions has been confirmed, no studies have yet investigated the effectiveness of naturopathic medicines protocols in naturopathic inpatient settings. Naturopathic physicians use a set of philosophical principles when determining their therapeutic order and all therapies that upregulate physiological homeostasis.

Body Mass Index Changes at 1.5 and 3 Years of Age Affect Adult Body Composition.

Early childhood lays the foundation for many outcomes in later life. Recent studies suggest that early childhood development may contribute to lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood; however, there have been few investigations on this association among adults in Japan. Therefore, we examined the relationship between recent physical measurements in adults who underwent health checkups at our university and their physical measurements at birth and during infancy recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. The median age and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were 36 years and 20.4 kg/m2, respectively. BMI at the time of health checkup in adults did not correlate with physical measurements at birth, but it was found to be associated with BMI at 1.5 (regression coefficient (β) 0.53, p < 0.05) and 3 (β 0.7, p < 0.01) years of age. In addition, the waist-to-height ratio in adulthood was also associated with BMI at 1.5 (β 0.01, p < 0.05) and 3 (β 0.01, p < 0.05) years of age. These findings suggest that it is critical to provide appropriate guidance to children with high BMI and their parents during health checkups to prevent lifestyle-related disorders in adulthood.

EFFICACY OF PHALAGHRITA UTTARABASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT Of VANDHYATWA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TUBAL BLOCKAGE- A CASE STUDY

Introduction: Vandhyatwa has been mentioned by various Acharyas in Ayurvedic classics using multiple terms. Acharya Charak explained factors responsible for Vandhyatwa (infertility), such as yoni dosha (gynaecological disorders), Mansika-Abhitapa (mental stress), Shukra-Artavadosha (disorders of sperm and ovum), Ahara-Vihara Dosha (food- and lifestyle-related disorders), Akalyoga (inappropriate timing), Bala-Kshaya (decreased strength). Two major factors which are associated with fertility problems are anovulation and defects in tubal patency. In the present article, there is a case study of ayurvedic management of infertility due to bilateral tubal blockage. Main Clinical Finding: A 29-year-old female patient reached the hospital complaining of a wants issue for five years. Diagnosis: Her hysterosalpingiography findings showed a bilateral fallopian tubal block. Interventions: 3 consecutive cycles of Uttarabasti were given with Phalaghrita for 3months along with oral medications (Tab. Shebless forte, Phalaghrita) and Anu taila nasya application. Outcome: The patient missed her period after four months of treatment, and the urine pregnancy test was found to be positive. Conclusions: Tubal patency (Kshetra) is an essential factor for conception.

A comparative study on prevalence of life-style diseases for National Family Health Survey five and four in Uttar Pradesh

Background: The starting points that setting off the lifestyle disease come with substantial passiveness, crummy food practices, tense biorhythm, incorrect way of body gait etc. NCDs account for 41 million annual deaths, or 74% of all deaths worldwide. Due to NCDs, 86% of these premature fatalities take place annually in low- and middle-income nations. Aim &amp; Objective: To compare the prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes in Uttar Pradesh. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, which was community-based, probability sampling, was employed. Each unit in the survey population had an equal chance of being chosen throughout the sampling process. The NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 surveys' publicly available data served as the study's foundation which maintain participant confidentiality and are readily available from the NFHS website. MS words excel sheet Results: In Uttar Pradesh, the BMI for men and women in urban areas has grown from the NFHS-4 to the NFHS-5 survey. Comparatively, the prevalence of diabetes among women is 6.3% in urban areas and 5.6% in rural ones, whilst the prevalence among males is 8.2% in urban areas and 7.5% in rural areas. In women, the prevalence of hypertension is 20.6%, whereas in men it is 30%. Conclusions: Lifestyle-related disorders are becoming more prevalent leads to the socioeconomic threat to population as well as nations. It is very important that drift of NCDs and their confederated risk factors play a very critical for making policies and guidelines for preventive and curative management.

Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications.

The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals and functional foods play an imperative role by meeting nutritional needs and offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge and awareness, the significance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, in reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to a diverse and safer diet for longevity. Plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals are increasingly popular and effectively utilized in disease management. Agricultural waste from plant-based foods is being recognized as a valuable source of nutraceuticals for dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known for their diverse flavonoids, are emerging as a promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons of by-products annually, highlighting the substantial potential for utilizing citrus waste in phyto-therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Citrus peels are a rich source of flavonoids, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on the citrus variety. The most abundant flavonoids in citrus peel include hesperidin and naringin, as well as essential oils rich in monoterpenes like limonene. The peel extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, with DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 70 to 90%, comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Additionally, the flavonoids present in citrus peel have been found to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress by 30% and cardiovascular disease by 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated, reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α by up to 40% in cell culture studies. These findings highlight the potential of citrus peel as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.

Development and feasibility of a function-based preventive intervention for lifestyle-related disorders

BackgroundThe enormous effect of lifestyle-related disorders on health of the global population warrants the development of preventive interventions. Focusing on musculoskeletal health and physical activity may be a way to encourage necessary lifestyle changes by making them more concrete and understandable. The aims of the current study were to develop a function-based preventive intervention aimed at lifestyle-related disorders in physically inactive 40-year-old people and to investigate the feasibility of the intervention. The feasibility study aimed to solve practical and logistical challenges and to develop the intervention based on the experiences of participants and involved clinical personnel according to defined criteria.MethodsDevelopment of the standardised functional examination was based on literature-validated tests and clinical reasoning. Development of a risk profile was based on the functional examination and similar profiles which have already proved feasible. The feasibility of the functional examination and risk profile, together with function-based lifestyle counselling was tested on 27 participants in a pilot study with two physiotherapist examinations over a four-month period. Practical results and feedback from participants and collaborating personnel were examined.ResultsThe functional examination consists of 20 established tests not requiring specialised equipment or training which were deemed relevant for a middle-aged population and a sub-maximal ergometer test. The risk profile consists of seven functional dimensions: cardiovascular fitness, strength in upper extremity, lower extremity and trunk, mobility, balance and posture, and three non-functional dimensions: weight, self-assessed physical activity and pain. Each dimension contains at least two measures. The participants appreciated the intervention and found it motivating for making lifestyle changes. They found the tests and risk profile understandable and could see them as tools to help achieve concrete goals. The examination required 60–75 min for one physiotherapist. The recruitment rate was low and recruited participants were highly motivated to making lifestyle changes.ConclusionThis project developed a functional test battery and risk profile aimed at inactive 40-year-olds which fulfilled our feasibility criteria. Functional screening and lifestyle counselling were found to be of value to a sub-group of inactive 40-year-olds who were already motivated to improve their health situations.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05535296 first posted on 10/09/2022.

Physicochemical and bioactive traits of black chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as affected by germination-induced modifications

ABSTRACT Foods with higher bioactive activities are being sought as a potential tool to prevent lifestyle-related disorders. In this context, germinated foods are preferred over conventional foods as they are rich in health promoting moieties. The current research was planned to assess the germination-induced modifications in physicochemical and bioactive profile of black chickpea (Cicer arietinum). For this purpose, black chickpeas (desi) were soaked for 12 h and germinated. The germinated black chickpeas were recovered after 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h of germination, separately, and their physicochemical and antioxidant profiles were studied. The phytochemical profiling of the germinated black chickpea revealed that germination time significantly influenced the chemical composition of black chickpea. It was observed that the phytochemical contents of the germinated chickpeas increased with an increase in germination time. However, the flavonoids such as rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin were decreased, but isorhamnetin was increased as the germination time was extended. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity quantified by DPPH and ABTS activity of germinated chickpeas also increased with an increase in germination time. The highest content of DPPH antioxidant activity was observed at the 72 h of germination, while the highest concentration of ABTS was observed at the fourth day of germination. Conclusively, extended germination for 120 h can negatively influence the phytochemical and antioxidant profile of black chickpea, whereas optimum germination for 72 h was found satisfactory.

Therapeutic Effect of Ayurveda Medicines in the Management of Post-Hemicolectomy Case of Adenocarcinoma of Ascending Colon – A Case Report

Life on earth has been modernized with new avenues of modern science and technology. This luxurious life also leading to worries and tension and in consequence a number of life style related disorders like cancer, renal diseases, AIDS, Parkinson’s disease, Auto-immune disorders, SLE etc. Cancer is more serious concern because of its increasing incidence with high mortality and morbidity rate. In Ayurveda we found many conditions which mimic the symptoms of cancer and detailed knowledge regarding its management also available. Colon cancer is third leading diagnosed type of cancer. Different treatment protocols available for management depending on the stage of cancer. Treatment modalities most commonly used are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the disadvantage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the development of therapy related temporary and permanent adverse effects. Here a case of 42 years old male patient post hemicolectomy for adenocarcinoma of right colon who refused for chemotherapy, treated with Ayurveda medications having Rasayan, Jeevaniya, vatahara properties like Sanjivani vati which have shown remarkable results and also gained 8 kg weight during treatment is discussed here.

Assessment of the Need for Training in Clinical Pharmacology Research on Traditional Medicine among Modern Medicine Practitioners: A Questionnaire-based Study

Introduction: Training young doctors is essential for carrying out need-based research. The field of Traditional Medicine (TM) has made significant contributions to modern medicine, and there is unlimited scope for exploring it further in search of improved treatment options. However, there is a lack of systematic research studies on traditional medicines. It was, therefore, considered necessary to assess the interest and awareness among modern medicine practitioners regarding Traditional Medicine Research (TMR). Aim: To assess the need for training in TMR among modern medicine practitioners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from March 2020 to September 2020 among modern medicine practitioners from the Western region of India. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the level of training in research methodology, research experience including TMR, areas for training, attitude towards training in TMR, challenges in TMR, and therapeutic areas to focus TMR efforts. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 109 participants, 96 (88.1%) were trained in research methodology. At least one research project was undertaken by 91 (83.5%) participants. Ninety-seven percent of participants felt that TMR was necessary. TMR was conducted by 19 (17.4%) participants. Approximately 65 (59.6%) participants felt that conducting TMR poses challenges such as lack of funds, infrastructure, lack of belief in TM, unavailability of literature pertaining to TM, lack of expertise, and lack of corporate attention and marketing. Therapeutic areas identified to focus research efforts included lifestyle-related disorders, diabetes mellitus, cancer, ageing, allergic disorders, osteoarthritis, and obesity. Conclusion: All the participants expressed the need to undergo training in TMR. However, the experience of conducting TMR was limited. Lack of funds, infrastructure, and expertise were mentioned as the main hurdles in undertaking TMR. It is essential to conduct systematic and need-based training programs for modern medicine practitioners in basic research methodology and TMR.

Etiology of Male Infertility: an Update.

Spermatogenesis is a complex process of germ cell division and differentiation that involves extensive cross-talk between the developing germ cells and the somatic testicular cells. Defective endocrine signaling and/or intrinsic defects within the testes can adversely affect spermatogenic progression, leading to subfertility/infertility. In recent years, male infertility has been recognized as a global public health concern, and research over the last few decades has elucidated the complex etiology of male infertility. Congenital reproductive abnormalities, genetic mutations, and endocrine/metabolic dysfunction have been demonstrated to be involved in infertility/subfertility in males. Furthermore, acquired factors like exposure to environmental toxicants and lifestyle-related disorders such as illicit use of psychoactive drugs have been shown to adversely affect spermatogenesis. Despite the large body of available scientific literature on the etiology of male infertility, a substantial proportion of infertility cases are idiopathic in nature, with no known cause. The inability to treat such idiopathic cases stems from poor knowledge about the complex regulation of spermatogenesis. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that defective functioning of testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) may be an underlying cause of infertility/subfertility in males. Sc plays an indispensable role in regulating spermatogenesis, and impaired functional maturation of Sc has been shown to affect fertility in animal models as well as humans, suggesting abnormal Sc as a potential underlying cause of reproductive insufficiency/failure in such cases of unexplained infertility. This review summarizes the major causes of infertility/subfertility in males, with an emphasis on infertility due to dysregulated Sc function.

Ayurvedic Interventions for Sthoulya (Obesity): A Single-Case Analysis

In the present era, the prevalence of lifestyle-related disorders is rapidly on the rise globally. Modernization and the advancement of science and technology have contributed to increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Among these lifestyle disorders, obesity or overweight (Sthoulya) stands out as a significant issue, disrupting individuals' physical, mental, and social well-being. Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat. In Ayurveda, obesity is referred to as Sthoulya, classified under the category of Santarpanajnaya Vyadhi. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach to managing Sthoulya, and Acharya Charaka has recommended the use of Apatarpana Chikitsa for its treatment. The Chikitsa adopted was Deepana-Pachana, followed by Shamana Chikitsa with Classical Ayurveda and Proprietary medication for the duration of 3 and half months with diet and lifestyle advice. After completion of the course of the treatment has shown significant results in reducing weight by about 9 kilograms and reducing the signs and symptoms of Sthoulya. Therefore, the Ayurvedic approach to management delivers gratifying outcomes and proves equally advantageous for both the management and prevention of obesity while promoting overall health.

A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin against lifestyle-related disorders

A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin against lifestyle-related disorders

Pilot and Feasibility Studies of a Lifestyle Modification Program Based on the Health Belief Model to Prevent the Lifestyle-Related Diseases in Patients with Mental Illness.

In this study we have examined the feasibility of a program based on the health belief model (HBM), for its effectiveness in improving lifestyle-related diseases in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), which are often complicated with physical conditions. In this model, we attempted to enable patients to identify a "threat" and to find "balance between benefits and disadvantages". Subjects were carefully selected from among psychiatric patients by excluding any bias. Thus, the enrolled patients were 30 adult men and women with lifestyle-related diseases, or those with a body mass index (BMI) of over 24. Of these 30 subjects, 15 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 10 the control group, since 5 subjects in the control voluntarily left from the study. Comparison of the intervention and control groups revealed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol in the intervention group. However, there were no significant changes in other variables. These findings support the usefulness and efficacy of HMB-based nutritional interventions for preventing lifestyle-related disorders among psychiatric patients. Further evaluation is needed with a larger sample size and a longer intervention period. This HMB-based intervention could be useful for the general population as well.

Past, Present, and Likely Future of Nutraceuticals in India: Evolving Role of Pharmaceutical Physicians.

Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to the current pandemic situation and increasing focus on overall health. Nutraceuticals include products, which help in maintaining immunity and prevent diseases. It also includes products that support the optimal functioning of the human body. Poor nutrition plays an important role in lifestyle-related disorders as well. Various nutraceuticals have exhibited therapeutic potential, hence gaining popularity. Nutraceuticals are mainly categorized into dietary supplements and functional foods. With multiple factors contributing to the growth of nutraceutical industry in India, we are marching toward global leadership in nutraceuticals. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is solely responsible for regulating the approvals, promotions, and labeling standards for health supplements and nutraceuticals. As the understanding of these nutraceuticals is improving, the regulations are becoming stricter and there is a pressing need to monitor the usage of such products regularly and stringently. Nutrivigilance and phytovigilance are relatively new concepts in our country; however, regulatory authorities need to proactively observe the adverse effects and issues related to substandard and counterfeit nutraceutical products. Healthcare professionals including pharmaceutical physicians can play an important role in safeguarding the population by advocating the rational use of nutraceuticals, food supplements, and consumer health products.

Perspectives on frailty as a total life-course disease with consideration of the fetal environment.

Frailty attracts research as it represents a significant target for intervention to extend the healthy life span. An unanswered question in this field is the time point during the life-course at which an individual becomes predisposed to frailty. Here, we propose that frailty has a fetal origin and should be regarded as part of the spectrum of the developmental origins of health and disease. The developmental origins of health and disease theory originated from findings linking the fetal environment to lifestyle-related disorders such as hypertension and diabetes. Coincidentally, a recent trend in frailty research also centers on vascular dysfunction and metabolic alterations as the causality of lifestyle-related disorders such as sarcopenia and dementia. Here, we explore the relationship between fetal programming, frailty-related disorders (sarcopenia and dementia), and other age-related diseases mainly based on reports on intrauterine growth restriction. We propose a "total" life-course approach to combat frailty. With this viewpoint, not only physicians and gerontologists but also obstetricians and pediatricians should team up to overcome age-related diseases in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 263-269.

Valorization of mustard and sesame oilseed cakes for food application through eco-innovative technologies.

Agricultural waste valorization is currently getting attention across the world owing to its environmental impact and rich phytochemistry. The mandate of the current investigation was the extraction and characterization of bioactive moieties from the mustard oilseed cake/meal MOC and sesame oilseed cake/meal SOC through ultrasound extraction (UE) techniques due to its higher yield and less burden on the environment as compared to conventional extraction (CE). Purposely, the MOC and SOC were initially subjected to compositional analysis. Thereafter, bioactive moieties were extracted by using different solvents, that is, ethanol and distilled water, and by applying conventional and ultrasonic extraction techniques. The outcomes indicated that among the techniques, ultrasound exhibited the highest results, and in solvents, ethanol performed better. The treatment extracted with ethanol with UE at 10min showed the best result for total phenolic contents (TPC) as (6.07 ± 0.03 09 g GAE/100 g MOC) and (7.09 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g SOC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.3 ± 1.9 TE/100 g MOC) & (72.68 ± 1.9 TE/100 g SOC), and FRAP was recorded as (2.83 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g MOC) & (3.56 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g SOC). The higher antioxidant potential showed that the mustard and sesame waste holds significant therapeutic potential owing to its rich antioxidant profile and thus should be utilized for the development of functional products against lifestyle-related disorders. In conclusion, ultrasound is a better technique for maximum as well as accurate extraction, with ethanol exhibiting as a better solvent for this process with more yields as compared to distilled water.

S-27-7: ROLE OF THE UBIQUITIN LIGASE KLHL3 IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS

Genetic studies on familial hypertensive and hypotensive disorders followed by the biochemical analysis have provided fundamental insights into the regulation of NaCl transport mechanisms in the renal nephron. One such example is the analysis of pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (also known as Gordon syndrome), which led to the identification of previously unrecognized constituents engaged in electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis. Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) is a component of cullin-RING (really interesting new gene) ubiquitin ligase whose mutations have been shown to cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II through several mechanisms, including impaired ability to bind target substrates and altered protein stability. Studies to date have also provided insights into the physiological mechanisms that regulate KLHL3 function, which involves phosphorylation at the substrate-binding domain that is counter-regulated by protein kinase C and phosphatase calcineurin. Moreover, accumulating data indicate that these mechanisms are likely involved in the acquired forms of hypertension, particularly those associated with lifestyle related disorders such as obesity. Recent advance on the function of KLHL3 in the kidney, as well as its pathogenic roles in electrolyte disorders, will be reviewed and discussed.

A review of bioactive peptides as functional food ingredients: mechanisms of action and their applications in active packaging and food quality improvement.

The creation of bioactive peptides (BPs) from dietary proteins holds considerable promise for the expansion of functional foods and nutraceuticals. BPs have a variety of important roles in the living body, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hypocholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive properties. To preserve the quality and microbiological safety of food items, BPs have been used as food additives. Additionally, peptides may be employed as functional components in the treatment or prevention of chronic and lifestyle-related disorders. This article's main goal is to draw attention to the functional, dietary, and health advantages of using BPs in food items. Therefore, it examines the mechanisms of action and medicinal uses of BPs. This review also focuses on various uses of bioactive protein hydrolysates for enhancing food items' quality and shelf life as well as for bioactive packaging. Researchers interested in physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology, as well as members of the food business, are advised to read this article.